Download Using Vocabulary

Physics Review Guide
Chapter 4: Energy
Test Date: ______
True/False: If the statement is false, change the term or phrase to make the statement true.
_____1. Energy in the form of motion is potential energy.
____ 2. The greater mass a moving object has; the more kinetic energy it has.
_____ 3. A rock at the edge of a cliff has kinetic energy because of its position.
_____ 4. When a plant falls from a window its thermal energy is transformed into kinetic energy.
_____ 5. Lowering an object decreases its potential energy.
_____ 6. Energy can never be created or destroyed.
_____ 7. Mass is measured in joules.
_____ 8. A book and a feather setting next to each other on a shelf have different potential energies.
_____ 9. Two copies of the same book are in a book case. One book is twice as high as the other.
They have the same potential energy.
_____10. Doubling an object’s velocity will double its kinetic energy.
Identify the type of energy that is shown in each of the following situations.
KE = kinetic energy
GPE = gravitational potential energy
EPE = elastic potential energy
CPE = chemical potential energy
11._____
15. _____
13. _____
14. _____
17. _____
18. _____
12. _____
16. _____
Vocabulary
Using the list of vocabulary words (in the box below), replace the underlined words with the correct
science term.
Chemical potential energy
Gravitational potential energy
Kinetic energy
Mechanical energy
Elastic potential energy
Joule
Law of conservation of energy
Potential energy
19) Snow on the side of a mountain has energy due to Earth
pulling down on it.
20) The fact the energy cannot be created means that
dynamite does not create energy when its explodes.
21) The muscles of a runner transform chemical potential
energy into energy of motion.
22) In describing the energy changes of a bouncing ball,
the total amount of kinetic and potential energy must be conserved.
Multiple Choice.
23) What energy transformations occur when a lump of clay is dropped?
A) GPE
KE
Thermal Energy
B) KE
Chemical PE
Thermal Energy
C) GPE
KE
Elastic PE
D) KE
GPE
Thermal Energy
24) Suppose a juggler is juggling oranges. At an orange’s highest point, what form of energy does it
have?
A) mostly potential energy
B) mostly kinetic energy
C) no potential or kinetic energy
D) equal amounts of both
25) The gravitational potential energy of an object depends on which of the following?
A) velocity and height B) velocity and mass C) mass and height D) mass and acceleration
26) Which idea is central to the law of conservation of energy?
A) Friction produces thermal energy
B) People must conserve energy
C) The total amount of energy is constant
D) Energy is the ability to cause change
27) To what property of an object is kinetic energy directly related?
A) volume
B) height
C) position
D) mass
28) Friction frequently causes some of an object’s mechanical energy to be changed to which of the
following forms?
A) Thermal energy
B) Nuclear energy
C) Gravitational potential energy
D) Chemical potential energy
29) The energy stored in foods and fuels is
A) Light energy
C) Gravitational potential energy
B) Chemical potential energy
D) Electrical energy
30) Energy is measured in
A) Meters
B) Joules
C) Newtons
D) Watts
31) Which has more kinetic energy, a large dog sitting on a sidewalk or small can running down the
street?
A) a large dog
B) the small cat
C) both have the same kinetic energy D) need more information to answer
32) Energy that appears in the form of motion is
A) mechanical energy
B) potential energy
C) kinetic energy
D) chemical energy
33) A boulder perched at the top of a cliff has
A) thermal energy
B) only kinetic energy
C) only potential energy
D) both potential and kinetic energy
34) The kinetic energy of an object increases as its ____ increases.
A) gravitational energy
B) potential energy
C) velocity
D) specific heat
35) Increasing the speed of an object ___ its potential energy.
A) Increases
B) decreases
C) does not affect
Problems/Short Answer: Show all work and label with correct units.
36) Describe the energy changed in a swinging pendulum. Explain how energy is conserved, even
as a pendulum slows.
37) Describe the different types of energy present when an apple falls from a tree.
42) A 15 kg bike carrying a 50 kg boy is traveling at a speed of 5 m/s. What is the kinetic energy of
the bike?
43) A ball has a potential energy of 150 J and kinetic energy of 0 J. After falling 2 meters, the ball
has a potential energy of 50 joules. What is its kinetic energy at this point?
44) A carpenter lifts a 10 kg piece of wood to his shoulder 2 meters above the ground. He then sets
the wood on his truck at 1 meter above the ground and makes his delivery going 10 m/s.
a) What type of potential energy does the wood have when setting on the truck?
b) What is the wood’s potential energy on the carpenter’s shoulder?
c) What is the wood’s potential energy on the truck?
d) What is the wood’s kinetic energy during the delivery?
e) If the wood drops from the carpenter’s shoulder, what would its maximum kinetic energy be?
(Think about the law of conservation.)
45. Consider the falling and rolling motion of the ball in the following resistance-free situation. The ball
falls off the top of the platform to the floor. Fill in the blanks (A-K) for the 2-kg ball.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.