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Can You See the Secrets? The Periodic Table Main Idea Aks Review sheets Highlight GPS Standards Bag activity Details Review sheet due the day before test. Periodic Table of Elements Elements Vocab matching sheet activity Periodic table handout for coloring Earth’s elements How do you think the items should be arranged. FOLLOW THE RULES! GROUP 1:_________________________________________________ GROUP 2:________________________________________________ GROUP 3:_________________________________________________ GROUP 4:_________________________________________________ GROUP 5:_________________________________________________ Reasons? 1. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ ______________ 2. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ ______________ 3. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ ______________ Science has come a long way since Aristotle’s theory of _______, ______ Fire and ______. Scientists have identified _______ ________________ occurring elements, and created about _________ others The elements alone or in ____________________ make up our bodies, our world our _________, and in fact the entire universe. The most abundant element in the earth’s crust is ________________ (_____%) Name 3 others and their percentages 1. ______________________ 2. ______________________ 3. ______________________ Periodic Table History of the PT Johann Dobereiner John Newlands The periodic table organizes the elements in a _________________ way. A great deal of information can be gathered from its __________________. Example: You can predict the ___________________ and __________________properties of the element and what other elements will react _____________________________.Understanding the _____________________ and plan of the PT will help you obtain basic information about the _________ known elements. During the _______________ century , chemists began to categorize the elements according to ________________ in their ____________ and _________________ properties. The end result was our ______________ periodic ______________. In _________ he classified some elements into groups of ________ which he called ___________. Why? Example: In _________ he suggested that elements be arrange in “____________” because he noticed (after arranging the elements in order of ________________ ______________ ________) that certain properties repeated every ______ element. Law of _________ Did people believe him? Why did it fail? Mendeleev Lothar Meyer Why? Annotate ? question IN _________ Dimitri Ivanovitch Mendeleev crated the first accepted version of the PT. He grouped the elements according to ______________ mass and as he did he found that the ______________ had similar ____________________ properties. Blank spaces were left open to add the new elements her predicted would ______________. He is considered the ________________ of the PT. 18___. At the same time (as Mendeleev) he published his own table of elements organized by ______________________ atomic ______. Both Mendeleev and Meyer arranged the elements in order of _______________________ atomic ______, both left vacant spaces where _____________ elements should fit So WHY is Mendeleev called “The Father”? Not Meyer, or both? Mendeleev stated that if the atomic weight of an element caused it to be placed in the wrong group then the weight must be wrong. (He corrected the atomic masses of BE, In and U) He was so confident in his table that he used it to predict the physical properties of three elements that were yet unknown. After the discovery of these unknown elements between 1874 and 1885 and the fact that Mendeleev’s predictions for Sc, Ga, and Ge were amazingly close to the actual values, his table was generally accepted. However in spite of Mendeleev’s great achievement, problems arose when new elements were discovered and more accurate atomic weights determined. By looking at our modern periodic table can you identify what problems might have caused chemists a headache? Henry Moseley Glenn T Seaborg Coloring Sheet Key to the PT Label the square Atomic Number Atomic Mass Practice worksheet. IN ________ through his work with ________ he determined the actual nuclear charge (atomic __________ )of the elements. He ____________________ the elements in order of ______________________ _______________ number. His research was halted when the British govt sent his to serve as a foot soilder in WWI. He was killed in the fighting in Gallilpoli by a snipers bullet, at the age of 28. Because of this loss the British govt later restricted its scientists to noncombatant duties during WWII. After co-discovering 10 new elements in _____________ he move 14 elements out of the main body of the PT to their current location below the ____________________ series. These became known as the ________________________ series. He is the only person to have an element named after him while still alive. We will be using this sheet to color in our PT so you can see the pattern. Elements are organized on the table according to their ________________ __________, usually found near the ______ of the square. The ___________________ __________ refers to how many ____________________ an atom of that element has. For instance: The atomic number is _______________ to that element. No two elements have the same __________________ _______________________ Use the diagram to draw and label your square. Define: Define: Equation: Atomic mass and Isotopes REVIEW!! Atomic Mass Unit (_______) Symbols Valence Electrons While most atoms have the same number of ________________ and _______________, some don’t. Some atoms have more or less _______________ than __________ these are called __________________ An atomic mass number with a decimal is the total of the number of _________________ plus the average number of __________________________. The unit of measurement for an atom is ________ . It stands for ______________ mass _______. One _______ is equal to the mass of one ____________. There are ______________________________ amu’s in one _________ (Remember electrons are 2000 times smaller than one amu) All elements have their own unique symbol. It can consist of a ____________ capital letter and _____ or _____ lower case letters The number of valence electrons an atom has may also appear in the square. Valence electrons are the electrons in the outer energy level of an atom. Label the PT with the A block and B block Label the valence electrons. Metals, nonmetals and metalloids Properties of Non – metals Properties of metalloids Properties of metals Families vs periods Families Periods Families Hydrogen Metals vs nonmetals lab Color your PT Non metals are _______ conductors of _______ and _____________. Non metals are not ______ or __________________ (what does that mean? ) They are ________ Many non metals are ______________ Ex: Circle on your PT Metalloids (__________________) have properties of both metals and ____________________ They are _________ that can be ____________ or _______. They conduct _______ and _______________________ better than ________________ but not as well as ______________ They are ____________________ and _____________________ (what does that mean??) Ex: Label your PT _______ of the PT consists of ___________. Metals are _______________ conductors of heat and electricity. Metals are __________ and ___________________ Metals can be ______________ or ______________ Ex: Label your table _________________ of elements are called _____________ or families Elements in each family have similar but not identical _____________________. Ex: All elements in a family have the same number of _________________ electrons. Each ______________________________ _______ of elements is called a ___________ The elements in a __________________are NOT alike in ______________________ The properties __________________ greatly across each given row. The ____________ element in a period is always an extremely _____________ _________. The last element is always an _______________ _____ Time to color!!! The hydrogen square sits atop family ______ but it is not a member of that family. Hydrogen is in a class of its own. It is a ______ at room temperature It has ______ _______ and _____ electron in its one and only energy ____________. Hydrogen only needs _____ electrons to fill up its _____________ shell. Alkali Metals DEMO!!!! The ______________ family is found in the ________ column of the PT Atoms of the ________________metals have a _____________ electron in their outermost level. ______ valence electron They are _____________, have the consistency of _____ and are easily cut with a __________. They are the most ______________ metals. They react _______________ with water. Alkali metals are never found as free elements in nature. They are always ________________ with another element. What does it Elements that are reactive _________ easily with other elements to make ___________ mean to be Some elements are only found in nature bonded with other elements. What makes an reactive? element reactive? 1. An ___________________ valence electron level 2. All atoms (except ________________) wants to have _____ electrons in the outermost energy level. _______________ rule 3. Atoms bond until the level is ______________. Atoms with few valence electrons ______ them during bonding. Atoms with ____,____, or _____ valence electrons __________ electrons during bonding. We will do bonding next unit!!! Alkaline Earth They are never found _____________________ in nature. They have _______ valence Metals electrons. TOUCH ________ __________ metals include magnesium and _______________ among others. THEM! Transition _____________________ elements include those in the _____ families. These are the metals metals you are probably most familiar: ______________, ____, _____ , iron, _______ gold and _______. They are good conductors of heat and electricity. Transition elements have properties similar to one another and to other ________ but their properties do ______ fit in with those of any other family. Many transition metals combine _______________with ___________ to form compounds called ________. Can they harm you? Lead in the soil lab. How can elements that can be extremely useful to humans also harm them? K W L Carbon family Atoms of this family have _____ valence electrons. This family includes a _____ _______ (________) metalloids, and ______________. The element _______________ is called the “basis of life”. There is an entire branch of chemistry devoted to carbon compounds called ______________________ chemistry. Atoms of this family have ___ valence electrons. Most elements in this family share electrons when forming _____________________. Oxygen is the most ______________element in the earth’s crust. It is extremely active and combines with almost all elements. The elements in this family are ________________, chlorine, ___________, iodine and _________________. Halogens have ___ valence electrons which explains why they are Oxygen family Halogen family Noble gases Rare earth elements Oxidation numbers What does that mean? the ____________ ___________ non-metals. They are never found free in nature. Halogen atoms only need to gain 1 electron to fill outermost level. They react with ______________ __________ to form _______________. Noble gases are ____________________ gases that are extremely _________________. One important property of the __________ gases is their ____________________. They are inactive because their ____________________ energy level is ______. Because they do not readily combine with other elements to form ___________ the noble gases are called ________. The family of noble gases include ___________________, ______________,__________, krypton, xenon and ______________. All the noble gases are found in small amounts in the earth’s atmosphere. The _________________ rare earth elements are composed of the _______________ and _____________ series. One element of the lanthanide series and most elements in the actinide series are called ___________-____________, which means ______________or ______-________. Elements can gain or lose _________________ to become stable. They do this in the valence shell. Certain families (A groups) are grouped according to this. This determines ____________________________. Let’s label them Answer: Answer: If…. Why? What is the latest trend in fashion? Label the trends What is a periodic trend Answer: If the group loses _____ electron they are a _____ If the group gains ______ electron they are a _____ Make sense? So explain +2 -2 +3 -3?????? To become ______________________ this is how ________________________ are formed. Answer: Label your worksheet with the following trends Atomic radii Ionic radii Electronegativity Ionization energy Periodic Law- If elements are organized according to ____________ _______________ their properties will ____________ ___________________. 4 trends Atomic Radius Atomic ______ Ionic _______ ___________________ ____________________ energy The atomic __________- basically tells you the size of the ______. It is _________ the distance between _______ _______ of identical atoms ____________ together Trend : atomic ______ ____________________ across a period. Why? Each time a positive proton is added to the nucleus, the _______________ electrons feel a greater attraction to the _________________ charged ______________ and get “pulled in” ______________ In your own words: Atomic radii ___________________ down a groups because _______________ are added to higher and ____________ energy levels as you go ____________ The _______________ the electrons from the _______________ the larger the atomic radii because (in your own words)………… Ionic Radii Electronegativity Is basically the size of an ______ or half the distance between the ___________ of two ________ bonded together. What is an ion? An __________ with a ________ (__or ___) An ______ is formed when atoms ___________ or __________ electrons. Review : I lose I am ________________________ A _________________ charged ion is called a _______________. They are _________________ because : A ________________ charged ion is called an __________. Negative ions (_________ ) are _______________ than the atoms they come from because they ________ electrons making the atom ___________________. Trend: Ionic radii decreases across the period for metals forming cations because they are _____________ electrons and increase for _________________ forming anions because they are adding electrons ___________________________________ is the ability of an atom to pull __________________. Who is the most motivated puller? Answer: The trend Electronegativity __________________ across a period and ____________________ down a group. Who is the most electronegative on the table? Answer: That is right ________________________ is the most electronegative element. Why not Neon? Answer: Electronegativity happens… Because ___________ has _____ in valence shell so will not __________ any more. Fluorine only needs 1 more so it pulls hard! Why decrease down the group? Answer: Because As the atoms get _________ there is ________ pull on the electrons from the ______________. Graphing activity The end Good Luck on your test!!!