Download The Parts of Speech - Garnet Valley School District

PARTS OF SPEECH
NOUN – A word used to name a _________________, ________________, ________________, or
________________
 Common Noun – Names any one of a group of persons, places, things, or ideas
______________________, ______________________, _____________________, _________________
 Proper Noun – Names a particular person, place, thing, or idea
_____________________, _____________________, _______________________, _________________
Create 2 sentences: One with at least 3 common nouns, One with at least 3 proper nouns
1. __________________________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________________________
 Concrete Noun –
 Proper Noun –
PRONOUN – A word used in place of a ___________________ or more than one ________________.
The word a pronoun stands for is called the _____________________ of the pronoun.
 Personal Pronoun – Refers to the one ___________________ (1st person), the one
__________________ (2nd person), or the one _______________________ (3rd person).

1st person:
I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours

2nd person:
you, your, yours

3rd person:
he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they, them, their, theirs
Create two original sentences which contain at least one personal pronoun from each person:
1. __________________________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________________________
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 Other Commonly Used Pronouns
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
(used to introduce adjective and noun clauses)
who
whom
whose
which
that
Which...?
What...?
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS
(used to begin questions)
Who...?
Whom...?
Whose...?
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
(used to point out a specific person, place, thing, or idea)
this
that
these
those
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
(used to refer to an indefinite person, place, thing, or idea)
all
another
any
anybody
anyone
anything
both
each
either
everybody
everyone
everything
few
many
more
most
much
neither
nobody
none
no one
one
other
several
some
somebody
someone
such
REFLEXIVE AND INTENSIVE PRONOUNS
(used to refer to or intensify a personal pronoun)
myself
yourself
ourselves
himself
yourselves
herself
themselves
itself
ADJECTIVE – A word used to modify (describe or make more definite) a __________________ or
__________________
 Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns by telling:




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What Kind?
Which One?
How Many?
How Much?
Peter bought red shoes.
Samantha took the last cookie.
He made several errors on the driver’s exam.
Jackie has enough money to get to Florida.
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 Adjectives usually ____________________ the words they modify, but sometimes are placed
________________ the words they modify for emphasis.


Before After
The tall and handsome actor waved to the crowd.
The actor, tall and handsome, waved to the crowd.
 Adjectives may be ____________________ from the words they modify.
The ocean was rough.
Sam is confident.
Ray is depressed.
 __________________ are the most frequently used adjectives.

Indefinite Articles (A, An) refer to one of a _____________________ group.
Sheila has a fish tank and an ant farm.

Definite Article (The) refers to someone or something _______ _____________________
and can precede any word.
The boxer Muhammad Ali is also known as “The Greatest.”
 Some words can be used as both __________________ and adjectives:
all
that
neither
either


both
those
several
more
whose
Adjective Pronoun -
few
another
those
one
which
much
each
what
some
other
many
any
this
Several athletes won awards at the banquet. (Several modifies athletes)
Several won awards at the banquet. (Several takes the place of the noun athletes)
 Sometimes __________________ are used as adjectives.
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Nouns
Nouns Used As Adjectives
business
business letter
tuna fish
tuna fish salad
United States
United States government
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VERB – A word used to express an _____________________ or a state of _____________________.
 Action Verbs – express ___________________ (write, sit, talk) or ____________________
(think, believe, understand) activity.

Example 1: ____________________________________________________________

Example 2: ____________________________________________________________
 Linking Verbs – Connect the subject with a word that ___________________ or
__________________ it. Linking verbs help describe the condition or state-of-being of a
person or thing.
am
is
are
was
were
being
be
can be
may be
might be
must be
shall be
will be
could be
should be
would be
has been
have been
had been
shall have been
will have been
could have been
should have been
would have been

Example 1: ____________________________________________________________

Example 2: ____________________________________________________________
 Some verbs can be used as both __________________ verbs and _________________ verbs.
appear
become
feel
grow
look
remain
seem
smell
sound
stay
John looked very healthy.
- Linking
I looked at John to see if he was healthy
- Action
taste
turn
 Verb Phrases – Consist of a _____________ verb and at least one _________________ verb.
Commonly Used Helping Verbs
Forms of Be
Forms of Have
Forms of Do
Others
She did go to the parade.
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am were is be are being was been
has have having had
do does doing did
may might must can shall will could should would
I should leave the house now!
He was seen with his father.
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ADVERB – A word that modifies ____________________, ______________________, and
other _______________________.
 Adverbs make sentence meaning more clear and complete by telling:
___________________
____________________
___________________
___________________
 Adverbs Modify Verbs. The adverb can be positioned _______________________.
Example: Andre sang.




How?
When?
Where?
To what extent?




Andre sang magnificently.
Andre sang earlier.
Andre sang there.
Andre sang frequently.
 Adverbs Modify Adjectives. When an adverb modifies an __________________, its position
usually comes ________________ the word it modifies.
It was a clear day.

The problem was difficult. 
Cori was late.

How clear?
 It was a __________________ clear day.
How difficult?
 The problem was _______________ difficult.
To what extent?
 Cori was __________________ late.
 Adverbs Modify Other Adverbs. When an adverb modifies another __________________,
its position usually comes __________________ the word it modifies.
How fast?
 Joe spoke __________________ fast.
He agreed enthusiastically. 
How enthusiastically?
 The students agreed _______________ enthusiastically.
The basketball rolled away. 
To what extent?
 The basketball rolled __________________ away.
Joe spoke fast.
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
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PREPOSITION – A word used to show the relationship of a _________________________ or
_____________________ to some other word in the sentence.
 A preposition always introduces a _________________________________________. The noun or
pronoun that ends the prepositional phrase is called the ____________________________________.
 Prepositional Phrase – Includes a ______________________, a noun or pronoun called the
_____________________________, and any modifiers of that object.
 Commonly Used Prepositions and Compound Prepositions
about
above
across
after
against
along
among
around
as
at
before
behind
below
beneath
according to
along with
apart from
beside
besides
between
beyond
but (except)
by
down
aside from
as of
because of
during
except
for
from
in
inside
into
like
near
of
off
on
out
outside
by means of
in addition to
in front of
over
past
since
through
throughout
to
toward
in place of
in spite of
instead of
under
underneath
until
unto
up
upon
with
within
without
--------------------------
next to
on account of
out of
 Example Sentence – The playful puppy ran.

The playful puppy ran beside the house.

The playful puppy ran around the house.

The playful puppy ran under the house.

The playful puppy ran past the house.

The playful puppy ran through the house.

The playful puppy ran towards the house.

The playful puppy ran in the house.

The playful puppy ran along the house.
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CONJUNCTION – A word used to join ___________________ or ___________________ of words.
 Coordinating Conjunction - ____________________ words or groups of words in the same way.
F

____________
 I love him very much for he is my father.
A

____________
 Tom found a bat and a glove.
N

____________
 Neither TJ nor Breanna will attend the banquet.
B

____________
 Cori placed an ad, but no one responded.
O

____________
 You can have the cake or the ice cream.
Y

____________
 Jen likes Fred, yet went to the dance with Bob.
S

____________
 Rachel likes oatmeal, so she ordered an oatmeal cookie.
 Correlative Conjunction - ______________ of conjunctions that connect words or groups of words
in the same way.
 both … and
 Both Andre and Chris must study hard.
 either … or
 Either Eric goes or Kevin goes.
 neither … nor
 Neither Brittany nor Brandon know the answer.
 not only … but (also)
 She is not only smart, but also very pretty.
 whether … or
 Whether he is right or wrong is not the question.
 Subordinating Conjunction – begins a subordinate _____________________ and connects it to an
_____________________ clause.
although
because
when
before
where
that
whether
though
while
We arrived late because our train was delayed.
John listened while Cori spoke.
Although he has many friends, he is not a very good person.
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INTERJECTION – A word used to express ______________________. It has no grammatical
relation to other words in the sentence.
Ah
Yikes
Hey
Oh
Ouch
Well
Whew
Wow
 An interjection is set off from the rest of the sentence by an ________________________ point (!) or
a ____________________.
Hey! Get out of here.
English 10
Well, I think she’s nice.
Ouch! That hurts a lot!
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Ex. 1 - Identifying Nouns in Sentences
Identify the twenty-five nouns that appear in the following paragraph. Treat as single nouns all
capitalized names containing more than one word. Do not include years, such as 1815.
[1] As a young woman, Elizabeth Cady Stanton studied the classics and mathematics both at home
and at Troy Female Seminary, from which she graduated in 1832. [2] Beginning at an early age, she
recognized the injustices suffered by women, especially in education and politics. [3] In 1840 she married
Harry Stanton, a prominent abolitionist. [4] At an antislavery convention in London, Mrs. Stanton was
outraged at the treatment of the female delegates. [5] She later helped to organize the first meeting addressed
to women’s rights. [6] At that convention, she read her “Declaration of Sentiments,” outlining the inferior
status of women and calling for reforms.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Ex. 2 - Replacing Common Nouns with Proper Nouns
For each of the following common nouns, give a proper noun.
1.
play -
2.
state -
3.
street -
4.
song -
5.
president -
6.
newspaper -
7.
ocean -
8.
writer -
9.
poem -
10.
car -
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Ex. 3 - Classifying Nouns
Identify each of the bold nouns in the following paragraphs as proper or common, and concrete or
abstract. Also tell if a noun is compound.
[1] Cajuns are descended from French settlers who were expelled from Acadia (Nova Scotia) by the
British in 1755. When some of these displaced people settled in the [2] Atchafalaya Basin in southeastern
Louisiana, they had to invent [3] ways to use local foods in their traditional French recipes. If you’ve never
tried Cajun food, [4] crawfish and gumbo may be unfamiliar to you. In addition to the plentiful crawfish,
shrimp, oysters, and other [5] seafood, freshwater fish, alligator mean, rice, and many [6] spices find their
way into Cajun cooking. Gumbos are soups flavored with [7] filé, which is powdered sassafras leaves.
[8] Gumbos often contain okra and a meat such as sausage, chicken, or seafood. The [9] popularity of these
and other Cajun dishes has spread throughout the [10] United States in recent years.
1.
6.
2.
7.
3.
8.
4.
9.
5.
10.
Ex. 4 - Identifying Pronouns in Sentences
Identify the pronouns in each sentence in the following paragraph. If a pronoun is used more than
once, note the number of times it appears. [Note: The paragraph contains a total of twenty-five
pronouns.]
[1] Everybody in my family likes to go camping, but few enjoy the outdoors more than I do. [2] Last
summer several of my cousins and I stayed at a rustic camp in the Rocky Mountains, which are not far from
our hometown. [3] At camp we learned how to build a campfire and how to keep it going. [4] A group of us
even went beyond that – we learned to cook food over an open fire. [5] One of our counselors showed those
who were interested how to cook simple meals. [6] Each of his recipes was easy to follow, and everyone ate
everything in sight. [7] All of us enjoy eating anything cooked over an open fire.
1.
5.
2.
6.
3.
7.
4.
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Ex. 5 - Identifying Pronouns and Their Antecedents
Circle the antecedent for the underlined pronoun in each sentence. If the pronoun has no antecedent,
write “no antecedent”; if the antecedent is not clear, write “not clear”.
1.
Everyone at the party enjoyed her evening.
2.
The car has a leak in its transmission.
3.
Wearing a hat when it snows is wise.
4.
More and more physicians are beginning to look not just for illnesses but also for patients’ habits
with long-term health implications. This is definite progress.
5.
The cow twitched its tail at the fly.
6.
Someone from the circus led the injured horse out of the ring.
7.
I go to Hockey Homeland every Tuesday to watch them practice.
8.
My aunt asked me to catch her dog.
9.
The audience clapped its hands.
10.
The audience applauded her performance.
11.
The student used her pen to write in her notebook; then she put it away.
12.
The hostages have been free for months, but some have not yet recovered from the experience.
13.
Ed Blaker promoted Bill this morning; he will go on the Washington trip next week.
14.
During winter snowstorms, the sparrows depend on our feeder for their food.
15.
The rain continued to fall, and the mud grew deeper until it finally stopped.
Ex. 6 - Identifying Pronouns in Sentences
Identify the pronouns in each sentence in the following paragraph.
1. Those are Tom's.
2. They didn't give themselves a chance to think before beginning the competition.
3. The dog that bit her brother belongs to the man down the road.
4. Do you know when the movie starts?
5. They think hers is the most interesting submission.
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6. The audience sat transfixed as the woman who had just won the award fell down the stairs.
7. Someone will need to finish doing the lunch dishes before Don fixes dinner.
8. Have you been there before?
9. The studio plans to give them each a fruit basket.
10. Ted will choose where they go because either of the options works for Alicia.
11. As hard as Margaret tries, most of her meal still ends up on her bib.
12. Who will be leading the graduation procession this year?
13. Clayton yelled to his sister, "Give me that!"
14. Before leaving the theater, Benjamin asked himself, "Why did I waste money on this movie?"
15. The Sears Tower, which is no longer the tallest building in the world, is still quite impressive.
16. Would you slow down on that gallon of ice cream and leave some for the rest of us?
17. The team is going the restaurant that is closest to the stadium.
18. Sarah wears high heels to work every day, but she doesn't like them.
19. The whole thing makes a person wonder who would be foolish enough to jump from a cliff.
20. You may want to eat sea cucumber, but Robin does not like it.
Ex. 7 - Indefinite Pronouns
Circle the indefinite pronouns in the following sentences. There are 10.
1. Everybody enjoys a good movie.
2. Does anybody have the time?
3. One sang while the other played the guitar.
4. Nobody knows the trouble I’ve seen.
5. The secret was known by few.
6. No, the secret was known by many.
7. Calculus is too hard for some.
8. Surely you recognize somebody.
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9. Is there anything that I can do?
Ex. 8 - More Indefinite Pronouns
Circle the indefinite pronouns in the following sentences. There are 10.
I went on another trip last week. Few have visited the park I saw, because everyone visits Yellowstone. I
saw something moving in the woods, but could not see it clearly. Then there was more movement and
everybody saw it. Either could have been a bear or both were just the wind. Nobody could figure it out, but
we had many guesses. The scenery there was gorgeous; one could see for miles. Anybody would love that
one view of the valley because nothing is more beautiful.
Ex. 9 - Adjectives and the Words They Modify
Identify the adjectives and the words they modify in each of the following sentences (Note: Do not
include the articles a, an, and the).
1. John lives on this street.
2. You need four cups of flour for this recipe.
3. Your new apartment, so spacious and sunny, certainly seems ideal for you.
4. The image of the eagle is quite powerful in many Native American cultures.
5. Which bookstore did you go to today?
6. All of the books on these shelves were written by Mark Twain.
7. Neither film was enjoyable.
8. The local stores open at 9:00 a.m.
9. Speaking of the space program, which astronaut do you admire more—Lt. Colonel Bluford or Dr.
Jemison?
10. Tomas bought a new tie for the dance.
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Ex. 10 – Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives
Identify each bolded word in the following sentences as a noun, a pronoun, or an adjective. If the
word is an adjective, give the word it modifies.
1. Many shop owners decided to close their ships early on Halloween.
2. What are the other choices on the menu?
3. The manuscript for Andrew Garcia’s autobiography was found packed in dynamite boxes under his bed
five years after he died.
4. We had a family reunion at my grandparent’s house last summer.
5. As people encounter different ways of life, they gradually alter their speech patterns.
6. Thanks to the development of digital recording, symphony performances can now be recorded with
higher fidelity.
7. Oboe players carry extra reeds with them because of the possibility that a reed might split during a
performance.
8. Alonzo had never bought that brand before.
9. Some of the players felt nervous about the athletic contests.
10. They were penalized fifteen yards for holding.
Ex. 11 - Identifying the Words That Adjectives Modify
For each bolded adjective in the following sentences, identify the word the adjective modifies.
[1] By the 1890’s, an extraordinary craze for bicycling had swept the United States. [2] Though bicycles
had been available for years, the early versions made for an awkward ride. [3] Ungainly cycles had a very large
wheel in the front and a small wheel in the back. [4] In 1885, however, a more sensible model was introduced, one
that resembled the modern cycle. [5] Energetic people everywhere took to this kind of bicycle. [6] Bicycling quickly
became a national sport. [7] Cyclists joined special clubs, which took vigorous tours through the countryside. [8] A
typical ride might cover twenty miles, with a welcome stop along the way for refreshments. [9] Races were also
popular with enthusiastic spectators, who often outnumbered those at ball games. [10] The fans enjoyed watching
these tests of endurance, which sometimes lasted six days.
1.
6.
2.
7.
3.
8.
4.
9.
5.
10.
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Ex. 12 - Identifying Words as Adjectives or Pronouns
Identify each bold word in the following paragraph as a pronoun or an adjective. For each adjective,
give the word it modifies.
Although ants are related to wasps, [1] these two kinds of insects differ greatly from [2] each other. [3] All
ants are social insects. They live together in colonies, [4] each made up of three castes: a queen, males, and workers.
Unlike ants, [5] most wasps are solitary insects. Of [6] these, [7] many are hunting wasps [8] that make individual
nests in soil or in decaying wood. However, not all wasps are antisocial: [9] some behave more like their cousins the
ants. [10] These wasps live in permanent colonies of adults and young.
1.
6.
2.
7.
3.
8.
4.
9.
5.
10.
Ex. 13 - Identifying Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives
Identify the nouns, pronouns, and adjectives used in the following sentences. For each adjective, give the word
that it modifies. (Do not include the articles a, an, and the.)
1.
Our teacher, Mr. Lopez, identified the various trees along the nature trail.
2.
The bird feeder in the elm tree in my yard attracts cardinals and chickadees.
3.
The flag over the hotel was a welcome sight to the two travelers.
4.
The antique doll was dressed in a sailor hat and a blue suit.
5.
A large cake sat in the center of the kitchen table.
6.
Along miles of the Hudson River, autumn leaves colored the highway with bright splashes of orange and red.
7.
Someone has filled the fruit bowl with dates and walnuts.
8.
As a young girl, Susan B. Anthony was taught the religious tenets of the Quakers, which include the belief in
the equality of all people.
Many people are working to clean up polluted rivers and streams to make them livable environments for
wildlife again.
9.
10.
The dust jacket of that anthology has certainly seen better days.
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Ex. 14 - Identify Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives
Identify each bold word in the following paragraph as a noun, a pronoun, or an adjective.
That [1] man is a vaquero, but it’s okay if you call [2] him a cowboy – he is. Vaqueros got their name from
the [3] Spanish word vaca, which means “cow.” In fact, cowboys were at [4] home on the range in Mexico long
before they gained [5] legendary status in the United States. The vaquero wears [6] leather chaps (chaparejos) to
protect his legs and uses a [7] lariat (la reata) to rope the steer. [8] Many other words that we associate with cowboys
came into the English language from [9] Spanish. [10] These include rodeo, stampede, and bronco.
1.
6.
2.
7.
3.
8.
4.
9.
5.
10.
Ex. 15 - Identify Action and Linking Verbs
Circle the verbs in the following sentences. Write “AV” if an action verb, “LV” if a linking verb, or
“VP” if a verb phrase.
1. Roads were a slushy mess on Monday along parts of the East Coast.
2. Thousands of families and businesses had no electricity following a deadly snow and ice storm.
3. In Virginia, about 126,000 electricity customers are living without power.
4. Even without the computer trouble, rain would have kept the space shuttle from launching.
5. At his sentencing, West neither apologized nor attributed his behavior to his drinking problem.
6. It seemed difficult for police to find the man suspected in a cafe robbery.
7. Officials blamed the storm for at least 17 deaths along its path across the southern Plains.
8. Dozens of lawsuits, billions of dollars and an incalculable public outcry can make a difference.
9. Philip Morris continues its court fight to prevent the federal government from regulating tobacco.
10. Elian Gonzalez's grandmothers arrived in Cuba without the child they had hoped to bring home.
11. Before he could finish the project, Bill had to contact an expert in pesticide-use management.
12. Holding his nose to block out the smell, Evan made his way through the butcher’s work area.
13. The book that Tim sent to his brother has been under his desk for six months
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14. After a slow start, the team finished with its best record ever.
15. The class's ideas sounded much more sophisticated than the substitute teacher expected.
16. The man grew tired of the constant questions from reporters.
17. Do you know whom to contact in case of an emergency?
18. The golfer listed in the paper as the leader decided to drop out of the tournament.
19. It was those two boys who pulled the fire alarm.
20. She wanted to speak with whoever was responsible for her poodle’s awful haircut.
Ex. 16 - Identifying Verbs as Action Verbs or Linking Verbs
Identify each bold verb in the numbered sentences in the following paragraph as an action verb or a linking
verb.
[1] Situated on the banks of the Nile River in Egypt, the ruins at Karnak are some of the most impressive
sights in the world. [2] The largest structure there is the Great Temple of Amon-Re. [3] Its immense size dwarfs
people who come to view this architectural marvel. [4] When visitors follow the avenue of sphinxes that leads to the
entrance, they are amazed at the 42-meter-high gateway. [5] The ceiling of the temple rests more than 23 meters
above the floor. [6] Of course, the central columns that support the stone roof are enormous. [7] The surfaces of these
huge columns are decorated with carvings. [8] Even an amateur engineer or artist can appreciate the tremendous
efforts that must have gone into the completion of this temple. [9] We now know that inclined planes, combined with
levers and blocking, enabled the ancient Egyptians to raise the large stones. [10] A remarkable technical achievement,
the Great Temple of Amon remains a monument to the ancient builders’ skills.
1.
6.
2.
7.
3.
8.
4.
9.
5.
10.
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Ex. 17 - Writing Sentences Using Verbs as Both Linking and Action Verbs
For each of the following verbs, write two sentences. In the first sentence, use the verb as a linking verb; in the
second sentence, use it as an action verb.
1. appear
2. sound
3. smell
4. grow
5. look
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Ex. 18 - Identify Action and Linking Verbs
Circle the verbs in the following sentences. Write “AV” if an action verb, “LV” if a linking verb, or
“VP” if a verb phrase.
1. The student became frustrated when she was not allowed to take chemistry.
2. The school's football coach will give a speech at the banquet.
3. The wizard tapped his wand and disappeared.
4. The fishing has improved on this lake since they outlawed speedboats.
5. The writer gestured to the crowd with his pen.
6. Smoking is a ridiculous habit.
7. The curry dish tasted spicier than he thought it would.
8. The police yelled, "Drop your weapon to the ground!"
9. The burglar escaped the police with all of the money.
10. The driver stopped quickly when she saw the accident ahead.
11. The director thinks the studio could make millions on this film.
12. The critics should consider how difficult it is to write a novel.
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13. The boxer appeared confused after the blow to his jaw.
14. Some people work simply to buy more things.
15. The man standing on the corner looks suspicious.
16. The warning labels on the package make little difference in sales.
17. Did Eric decide what schools to visit this spring?
18. Philip resented giving his room to his brother.
19. Holly danced wildly across the lawn.
20. His broken watch is always his excuse for being late.
Ex. 19 – Identifying Verb Phrases
Write down the verb phrase in each of these sentences. Be careful; watch for separated helping verbs
and watch for adverbs that separate the verb phrase.
1. Will you buy me a drink?
2. Sam is not going to the dance.
3. Al should have mowed the lawn today.
4. Theresa will be playing her clarinet at the concert tonight.
5. Rosie could have worked on that project today.
6. Tony and Jim have been chosen as finalists at the science fair.
7. Hasn't the tailor finished the suit?
8. My grandmother has carefully repaired the broken vase.
9. Maria will probably leave for New York on Wednesday.
10. Does that offer still stand?
Ex. 20 - Identifying Verb Phrases
In the following sentences, underline the complete verb phrase.
1.
Chocolate has been loved for many centuries.
2.
I am not sure for how long exactly.
3.
Some people might store their chocolate in the refrigerator.
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4.
Chocolate should be served at room temperature.
5.
You will like chocolate this way.
6.
Dark chocolate has been linked to a decreased risk of heart attacks.
7.
I shall rejoice in the progress of medical science.
8.
Serious chocolate lovers have recognized the benefits of chocolate for years.
9.
I am craving dark chocolate now.
10.
I may need a chocolate fix soon.
Ex. 21 - Identifying Verbs and Verb Phrases
Identify the verbs and verb phrases in each sentence in the following paragraph. Be sure to include all helping
verbs.
[1] Because of the cold weather, the members of the marching band were worried about their first
performance. [2] Marcia and the other saxophone players were clapping their hands vigorously so that their fingers
wouldn’t become even number in the raw, icy air. [3] They imagined what would happen if their fingers froze to the
keys of their instruments. [4] Instead of music, harsh noise would blare out and likely startle the spectators. [5] The
other band members would likely skip a beat, and the chaos would soon spread across the field. [6] Out of step, the
flute players might stumble into the clarinet players, collide with the trombone players, or even trip over the drummers.
[7] When half time was called, Marcia and her friends rolled their eyes and laughed about the dreadful scheme they
had just pictured. [8] Such a disaster couldn’t possibly happen, could it? [9] As the band marched onto the field, large,
white snowflakes swirled in the air and settled on the brand-new uniforms and shiny instruments. [10] People were
already leaving the stands when the principal announced over the loudspeaker: “Ladies and gentlemen, the band will
now play ‘Jingle Bells.’”
1.
6.
2.
7.
3.
8.
4.
9.
5.
10.
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Ex. 22 – Adverbs and the Words They Modify
Find each adverb and tell draw an arrow to the word or words it modifies.
1. The bus almost always arrives late.
2. The entire class worked hard and successfully on the project.
3. Does your car usually start easily on cold mornings?
4. The streets have become rather crowded recently.
5. The auditorium was soon completely filled with impatient, enthusiastic fans.
6. Nearly every city in the United States has a zoo.
7. The doctor gave orders quietly and confidently.
8. Polio is sometimes rather difficult to diagnose.
9. Lately, the summers have been extremely hot.
10. There goes Dr. Harrison now.
11. Sue put on her coat and went out.
12. The sundial has been knocked down.
13. After the accident, Carmen drove with great caution.
14. Please take the dog outside.
15. A large calico cat crept silently across the lawn.
16. They had a quite inexpensive meal.
17. Freshly poured concrete hardens in a few hours.
18. You were absolutely right!
19. A window was partly open.
20. The cobra is a highly poisonous snake.
Ex. 23 – Adverbs and the Words They Modify
Find each adverb and tell draw an arrow to the word or words it modifies.
1. The game lasted much longer than most because of an extremely long half-time program.
2. Some rock stars are incredibly wealthy.
3. The audience laughed loudest at the routine of the sad clown.
4. The trunk in the attic appeared rather old.
5. A very peculiar odor gradually filled the laboratory and the hallway.
6. Usually, elephants move rather slowly.
7. Can you come to football practice earlier than you did last week?
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8. Mysterious voices were heard within.
9. The research assistants handled the dangerous materials very carefully.
10. The fight began quite unexpectedly.
11. An unusually large crowd gathered.
12. Is the soup too hot?
13. You reported the details quite accurately.
14. Alex very cleverly kept out of the argument.
15. I left at noon, but Shirley had left somewhat earlier.
16. Lightning flashed and rain fell shortly afterwards.
17. The quarrel has not ended.
18. Were you really afraid?
19. Normally, we leave at 3:00 p.m.
20. You worked in a carelessly.
Ex. 24 - Identifying Adverbs and the Verbs They Modify
Identify the adverbs in each numbered sentence in the following paragraph. For each adverb, give the
verb that it modifies.
[1] The first balloonists floated gently above Paris in a hot-air balloon that had been cleverly
designed by the Montgolfier brothers. [2] Although their earlier attempts had failed, the Montgolfiers kept
trying and finally settled on a balloon made of paper and linen. [3] Early balloons differed significantly from
modern balloons, which are sturdily constructed of coated nylon. [4] Despite their ingenuity, the
Montgolfiers originally thought that smoke, rather than hot air, would effectively push a balloon skyward.
[5] Consequently, in their experiments they initially produced hot smoke by burning straw and wool.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Ex. 25 - Identifying Adverbs and the Adjectives They Modify
In each of the following sentences, an adverb modifies an adjective. Identify the adverb and the
adjective it modifies.
1.
An immensely long wagon train started out from Denver, Colorado.
2.
Both oxen and mules were used to pull unusually large wagons.
3.
Even in good weather, the trail through the mountains was fairly hazardous.
4.
A moderately hard rain could turn the trail into a swamp.
5.
When the trail was too muddy, the heavier wagons became mired.
6.
Wagons that were extremely heavy then had to be unloaded before they could be moved.
7.
Stopping for the night along the trail was a consistently welcome experience.
8.
It offered relief to thoroughly tired bones and muscles.
9.
Nights in the mountains could be quite cold.
10.
On terribly cold nights, the travelers would roll in blankets and sleep close to their campfires.
Ex. 26 - Identifying Adverbs and the Words They Modify
The following paragraphs contain twenty adverbs. Identify the adverb or adverbs in each sentence. After each
adverb, give the word it modifies and the part of speech of that word.
[1] A couple of months ago, my sister Juana and I finally decided to buy a houseplant. [2] The large ones we saw
were too expensive for us. [3] In addition, they are almost always raised in hothouses, and, as a result, they do not adjust
easily to living in cold climates. [4] Suddenly Juana had a brainstorm. [5] “Let’s buy some seeds and grow them indoors. [6]
That way, the seedlings will automatically adapt themselves to the climate in our house.”
[7] At the seed store, the owner, Mrs. Miller, greeted us cheerfully. [8] We explained that we wanted to grow a large
plant but that our room hardly ever gets bright sunlight and in the winter it can be especially chilly and dark. [9] We also
mentioned that we wanted seeds for a plant seldom sold in local shops. [10] “I know what you need,” Mrs. Miller promptly
replied. [11] “These are seeds of the bo tree, an unusually hardy member of the fig family native to India. [12] There this
tree is sacred to Buddhists because it is said that the Buddha received enlightenment under a bo tree.” [13] When we got
back to our house, we planted the seeds. [14] In a short time, they sprouted, and we now have an unusual houseplant that is
suited to our cold environment.
1.
8.
2.
9.
3.
10.
4.
11.
5.
12.
6.
13.
7.
14.
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Ex. 27 - Using Words as Adjectives and Adverbs
Write a pair of sentences for each word. In the first sentence, use the word as an adjective; in the
second, use it as an adverb.
1. daily
2. fast
3. late
4. more
5. far
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Ex. 28 - Identifying Parts of Speech
Identify the part of speech of each bold word in the following paragraphs. If the word is an adjective
or an adverb, identify the word it modifies.
With a [1] thunderous roar, a mighty avalanche [2] crashes [3] headlong down a mountainside. [4] Some of
these slides travel at speeds of more than 200 miles an hour and pose a [5] deadly threat to skiers, mountain climbers,
and the people [6] who live and work in the mountains.
One [7] common suggestion for surviving an avalanche is to make swimming motions to remain on top of the
snow. However, people caught in avalanches [8] rarely can save [9] themselves. They are [10] usually immobilized,
and the slide [11] forces snow into their nose and mouth.
Avalanche workers in the [12] United States and abroad have [13] long realized the [14] potential [15]
destructiveness of selected slide paths. They [16] have concluded that an avalanche can be [17] greatly reduced if
[18] explosives [19] are used to trigger a [20] series of [21] smaller slides before [22] one large mass of snow can
build up. [23] Today, the detonation of explosives has become a standard [24] practice for controlling avalanches in
[25] this country.
1.
8.
15.
22.
2.
9.
16.
23.
3.
10.
17.
24.
4.
11.
18.
25.
5.
12.
19.
6.
13.
20.
7.
14.
21.
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Ex. 29 – Determining Prepositions
Each of the following wise sayings may or may not contain a preposition. If it contains a preposition,
write that preposition in the space provided. If it does not, write no prep.
Samples:
Do not put all your eggs in one basket.
The early bird catches the worm.
in
No prep
1. A word to the wise is sufficient.
2. Money is the root of all evil.
3. Those who laugh last laugh best.
4. Do not judge a book by its cover.
5. Great oaks from little acorns grow.
6. Rome was not built in a day.
7. Charity begins at home.
8. Fools and their money are soon parted.
9. An apple never falls far from the tree.
10. There is nothing so comfortable as an old shoe.
11. Birds of a feather flock together.
12. A house divided against itself can not stand.
13. Pride goeth before destruction.
14. Better late than never.
15. People who live in glass houses should not throw stones.
16. Time and tide wait for no man.
17. Do not put off until tomorrow what you can do today.
18. You cannot make a silk purse out of a sow's ear.
19. He who hesitates is lost.
20. Necessity is the mother of invention.
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Ex. 30 - Prepositions
Change each sentence to a sentence that has the opposite meaning -- and do this by changing just one
word, the preposition, to another preposition.
Sample:
The customer wanted coffee with cream.
The customer wanted coffee ___without__________ cream.
1. We waited outside the library.
We waited _____________________ the library.
2. Most of my classmates voted for me.
Most of my classmates voted ______________________ me.
3. Take one tablet before each meal.
Take one tablet _____________________ each meal.
4. I went up the stairs.
I went ______________________ the stairs.
5. Place the right hand over the left.
Place the right hand _____________________ the left.
6. Here is a gift from Susan.
Here is a gift _______________________ Susan.
7. Did someone run into the house?
Did some run ___________________ the house?
8. Yesterday's temperature was above normal.
Yesterday's temperature was __________________ normal.
9. The trip to school took an hour.
The trip ____________________ school took an hour.
10. Most of the fans were against us.
Most of the fans were ____________________ us.
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Ex. 31 - Prepositions
Write the preposition in each sentence on the line provided.
1.
After eleven hours of traveling, we finally arrived at my aunt's house in
South Dakota.
2.
Due to the fact that there are too many stars to count, I enjoy just looking
at them through my uncle's powerful telescope.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
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Dr. Mason said Lauren couldn't go outside her house for two weeks.
The kitten found a dark place to hide in back of the sofa.
I couldn't see the movie because the woman sitting in front of me was
wearing a huge hat!
Kevin ran as fast as he could to get ahead of the other runners.
In case of a tornado, go to a room with no windows.
I missed my class because of my brother's practical joke of putting
shaving cream in my hair.
Ashley has been running a fever since early yesterday.
Somehow one red tulip bloomed among the daffodils.
He walked onto the stage and bowed to the audience.
No one showed up for work today besides me.
If you look above the shelves, you will see the picture that my dad
painted.
Benjamin and Eric threw the ball back and forth over the house.
The tiny boy walked into the elevator carrying a huge stuffed animal.
Zachary put the envelopes in the mailbox.
Everyone was invited to the neighborhood party except for me because I
will be out of town on that day.
Taylor put the little white table beside her bed.
Savannah left her homework near the door.
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20.
I put my alarm clock by my bed so it would wake me up in the morning.
Ex. 32 – Writing Sentences Using Prepositions
On the line provided, write a preposition to complete each sentence.
1.
We try to stay ____ our budget when it comes to buying new furniture.
2.
I walked ____ the window and saw something strange moving around
our backyard.
3.
George Washington led the American Revolutionary troops ____ the
Delaware River in 1776.
4.
As I walked ____ the noise, I began to get an eerie feeling that
something wasn't quite right.
5.
A baby bird gets its food ____ its mother until it can leave the nest and
fly on its own.
6.
If you go far ____ the surface of the ocean, you will be amazed at the
enormous amount of different creatures that live there.
7.
Coal is formed by trees that were buried deep ____ the ground that were
heated by the earth.
8.
On the long bus ride home, Nicole sat ____ a cranky baby.
9.
Dad climbed ____ the stairs to see what was making so much noise in
the attic.
10.
He walked ____ the stage and bowed to the audience.
11.
Somehow one red tulip bloomed ____ the daffodils.
12.
Our 4th grade class has been picking up litter every Saturday morning
____ the community.
13.
Our basketball team will play ____ Fairfield High School tonight.
Ex. 33 - Prepositions
Write a preposition to complete each sentence (there can be more than one correct answer).
1. I was
2. I am going to go
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the mall last night.
the movies tonight.
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3. Yesterday, the teacher gave the class a pop quiz and told them they had
fifteen minutes
to do it.
4. Last weekend I went for a walk in the woods
5. My parents are going to be out
6. I was waiting
my dogs.
the country for a whole week.
Tim Horton’s for over an hour!
the corner
7. My parents are cheering
the Maple Leafs this season.
8. I am scheduled to work
4:30 p.m. every day
Friday, when I finish at
3:00 pm.
9. At the concert, I didn’t like the person who sat
five o’clock.
10. In order to catch the train I must leave
11. In order to get
the corner
12. I was leaning
me.
school, I have to drive
the shopping mall that is located
State Street and Main Street.
the car when it started to move.
13. The train is leaving
Toronto
14. My car is parked
a motorcycle and a van.
15. The banana is
the fruit bowl that is
16. I found my earring
Oshawa.
the counter.
the dirty clothes laying
17. The drinking glasses are stored
18. The dog jumped
6:30 and is going east
the washer.
the plates in the cupboard.
the car when he realized his owner was leaving.
19. The hospital is
the corner from the high school.
20. The child hid
the couch
a game of hide-and-seek.
Ex. 34 – Write Sentences Using Prepositions
For the following paragraph, please fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions.
When I am driving __(1)___ the street I tend __(2)___ notice a lot __(3)___ bad drivers. Sometimes I
wonder __(4)___ myself how these people can be given a license. There must be something wrong __(5)___
the testing centers. Sometimes people who try __(6)___ be too careful are actually the ones who end
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__(7)___ causing traffic accidents. For example, I often notice a lot of drivers who drive __(8)___ 55mi/hr
__(9)___ the fast lane __(10)___ an 65mi/hr zone. This type __(11)___ action causes other drivers to be
very upset, especially if they are __(12)___ a rush or need to get somewhere __(13)___ a particular time.
Another thing I notice is that a lot of people cut __(14)___ other lanes without looking __(15)___ their blind
spots. This is very careless driving and can cause a lot of accidents as well. But __(16)___ my opinion the
worst type __(17)___ drivers are those who drive too closely __(18)___ others. This type __(19)___ action
is very irritating and can stir __(20)___ a lot __(21)___ trouble. For example, if you are following a car too
closely, the car __(22)___ the front may step __(23)___ their brakes and you might end __(24)___ “rear
ending” them. __(25)___ most cases they will drive particularly slowly and this will __26)___ turn irritate
you. __(27)___ my opinion there are too many bad drivers __(28)___ the road nowadays. __(29)___ order
__(30)___ protect ourselves we must be extra cautious and pay more attention.
1.
11.
21.
2.
12.
22.
3.
13.
23.
4.
14.
24.
5.
15.
25.
6.
16.
26.
7.
17.
27.
8.
18.
28.
9.
19.
29.
10.
20.
30.
Ex. 35 - Writing Sentences Using Words as Prepositions and as Adverbs
For each of the following words, write two sentences. In the first sentence, use the word as a
preposition and underline the prepositional phrase. In the second sentence, use the word as an adverb.
Identify which word the adverb modifies.
1. around
2. behind
3. inside
4. on
5. up
1.
2.
3.
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4.
5.
Ex. 36 - Coordinating Conjunctions
Complete the sentences by choosing the best coordinating conjunction for each space.
1.
Jaewon was cold,
he put on a coat.
2.
Maria tried to read a novel in French,
3.
To get from Vancouver to Victoria, you can fly,
4.
I bought a bottle of wine,
5.
The waiter was not very nice,
6.
I went to buy a Rolling Stones CD,
7.
Anna needed some money,
8.
There's so much rain lately! Maybe it's because of El Nino,
9.
Julie has a guitar,
it was too difficult.
you can ride the ferry.
we drank it together.
the food was delicious.
the shop didn't have it.
she took a part-time job.
maybe it's just coincidence.
she plays it really well.
10. The concert was cancelled,
we went to a nightclub instead.
Ex. 37 - Identifying Coordinating and Correlative Conjunctions
Identify the coordinating and correlative conjunctions in the sentences in the following paragraph.
[1] Once Nantucket and New Bedford, Massachusetts, were home ports of huge whaling fleets. [2]
Whaling brought tremendous profits into these ports, but the golden days of whaling ended about the time of
the American Civil War. [3] Even when it was successful, a whaling trip was no pleasure cruise for either the
captain or the crew. [4] Maintaining order was no easy task on a long voyage because the food and living
conditions were often dreadful. [5] Inevitably, the sailors had time on their hands, for they didn’t encounter a
whale every day. [6] To relieve the monotony and resulting boredom, whaling ships often would exchange
visits. [7] Not only the captain but also the whole crew looked forward to such visits. [8] Everyone enjoyed
the chance to chat and exchange news. [9] The decline of whaling and of the whaling industry was signaled
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by the development of a new fuel. [10] By 1860, our country no longer needed large quantities of whale oil
because kerosene, a cheaper and better fuel, had replaced it.
1.
6.
2.
7.
3.
8.
4.
9.
5.
10.
Ex. 38 – Using Subordinating Conjunctions
Combine the sentences using a subordinating conjunction. Use a caret (^) to indicate where you would
place the conjunction.
1. The boat could not move. There was no wind.
2. I took my umbrella. It was raining.
3. Some apples are red. Others are green.
4. Surfing is fun. It can be dangerous.
5. Deer are cute. They eat all your flowers.
6. You should stay away from bears. They are dangerous.
Ex. 39 - Using Interjections
You just took your driver’s license test. Wanting to share your feelings about the test and your results,
you call your best friend. Write your conversation, using at least five interjections. You may choose
interjections from the list below or use ones of your own. Be sure to use the words as interjections and
not as adjectives or adverbs. Check to see that you have punctuated your interjections with
exclamation points or commas as needed.
ah
aw
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cool
great
hey
no
wow
yes
ugh
excellent
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