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Year 2: Grammar point Example Difference between questions, commands, exclamations and You are my friend. (statement) statements: Are you my friend? (question) Demarcates sentences accurately and recognises the imperative Be my friend! (command) verb. What a good friend you are! (exclamation) Commas in a list: Commas used to separate items in a list (there will always be I am going swimming and I am taking my flippers, mask, camera, two fewer commas than items in the list). snorkel and watch. (5 items in the list 3 commas) Apostrophe for omission: Use the apostrophe of omission to show where letters are The girl didn’t know where it had gone. missing in a contraction. Apostrophe for possession: Use the possessive apostrophe to show possession for single Hannah’s mother went to town. nouns. Expanded noun phrases: Uses adjectives to expand a simple noun phrase. the big, black dog Coordination of clauses: Joins simple sentences using and, but, or. Susan got a bus but Amra walked. Subordination of clauses: Generates subordinate clauses using when, if, that because. We can watch TV when we’ve finished. Past simple (attempted): Used consistently for narration. Regular (ed) and irregular verb formations. The knight walked through the gate and broke into the armoury. Progressive form of verbs: She is drumming. Use of verbs ending –ing to mark actions in progress. She was shouting. Grammatical terminology noun, noun phrase, statement, question, exclamation, command, compound, suffix, adjective, adverb, verb, tense (past, present), apostrophe, comma Word Definition Example subject verb object clause main clause Year 1 The noun, noun phrase or pronoun that names the do-er Verbs usually have a tense and can be conjugated. An object is usually a noun, pronoun or noun phrase. A type of phrase that contains a verb. A sentence contains at least one clause that must be a main clause. Tom’s mother went out. He lives in Leeds. Year 2 designed puppets. It was raining. It was raining. The sun was shining. Eldwick Primary School phoneme adjective lowercase A single sound made when speaking. Usually found before a noun to add description. Small letters as opposed to capitals. exclamation mark capital letter A piece of punctuation to show an exclamation. Large letters as opposed to lowercase letters. question mark A piece of punctuation that indicates an interrogative clause. A word is a unit of grammar: it can be moved around. Morphology breaks words down into root words, which can stand alone. A full sentence expresses a complete idea and has a verb. A character representing one or more of the sounds in speech. Marks used to separate sentences and their elements. A punctuation mark used at the end of a sentence. Nouns can be used after an article (a, an, the). Is added at the beginning of a root word to make a different word. Are used like nouns and can replace them. A letter or letters added at the end of a root word to change it. A plural noun normally has a suffix –s or –es. A proper noun is a name. They always have a capital letter. Conjugate means to change a verb into its different forms. Third person is when you discuss he, she or it. It changes verbs. Means that there is just one noun. To show the boundaries of writing. Year 2 An interrogative clause. A sentence usually written in the imperative. A sentence that gives a piece of information. A sentence starting with how or what. A type of verb that gives an instruction or command. Used to separate clauses in a sentence or items in a list. They show where letters are missing in contractions. word root word sentence letter punctuation full stop noun prefix pronoun suffix plural proper noun conjugate third person singular demarcate question command statement exclamation imperative verb comma apostrophe omission Eldwick Primary School string - /s/ /t/ /r/ /i/ /ŋ/ The pupils did some really good work. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, I, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z A bear! A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z What is that? head played (root = play) unfair (root = fair) football (roots = foot + ball) Tom’s mother went out. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, I, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z , . ? ! ( ) ; : - “ “ ‘ Bears can be found in Canada. The players scored a goal. disappear Amanda waved to Michael. She waved to him. looked, teacher, terrorise, greenish dogs – boxes – mice Mr Brown, Tuesday, Scotland play – plays – played – playing He plays tennis on Thursdays. cat, boy Bears live in Canada. Should I eat these seeds? Take these seeds away. The dog chased the cat. What a good friend you are! Sit in your chair. When the dust settled, they saw the devastation. Don’t, shouldn’t apostrophe possession noun phrase past simple progressive compound adverb tense subordination coordination Used to show who owns something. Tom’s shoes A noun and all the words that describe it. Used to show things that have happened. Regular formation + –ed. Used to show events in progress. Made with -ing and the verb to be. A compound word is made from at least two root words. that girl over there play – played A word that modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb. Shows when a verb takes place. The two linked elements are unequal. The two linked elements are equal. Eldwick Primary School Michael is singing in the store room. playground, armchair, blackbird, blow-dry, bone-dry then, quickly, upstairs, carefully, often I swim – I swam – I was swimming – I will swim big dogs (adjective is subordinate to the noun) Susan and Amra met in a café.