Download Рубежный контроль № 2 Профессионально ориентированный

Рубежный контроль № 2
Профессионально ориентированный английский
Каждый ответ «А» - правильный
1. Nitrogenous base that occurs in RNA but not in DNA
a. Uracil
b. Ribose
c. Cytosine
d. Thymine
e. Deoxyribose
2. Sugar that occurs in DNA but not in RNA
a. Deoxyribose
b. Ribose
c. Uracil
d. Cytosine
e. Thymine
3. A nitrogenous base that occurs in DNA in equal quantities with guanine
a. Cytosine
b. Deoxyribose
c. Ribose
d. Uracil
e. Thymine
4. The change in plant types inhabiting an area over time, resulting in a climax
community
a. Succession
b. Dispersion
c. Fertilization
d. Speciation
e. Mutation
5. The inability of two populations to interbreed after being separated by a barrier
for a long period of time
a. Speciation
b. Succession
c. Dispersion
d. Fertilization
e. Mutation
6.
Plants growing in and around a pond eventually filling in the pond and changing
it to a terrestrial habitat
a. Succession
b. Speciation
c. Dispersion
d. Fertilization
e. Mutation
7. Organisms that comprise the greatest mass of living substance (biomass) in a
terrestrial food chain
a. Producers (e.g., grasses)
b. Decomposers (e.g., bacteria)
c. Primary consumers (e.g., mice)
d. Secondary consumers (e.g., snakes)
e. Tertiary consumers (e.g., hawks)
8. Organisms that convert nitrogen-containing organic molecules into nitrates
a. Decomposers (e.g., bacteria)
b. Producers (e.g., grasses)
c. Primary consumers (e.g., mice)
d. Secondary consumers (e.g., snakes)
e. Tertiary consumers (e.g., hawks)
9. A biome that contains a layer of permanently frozen soil, called permafrost,
would be classified as
A. tundra
B. desert
C. taiga
D. savannah
E. temperate deciduous forest
10.All of the following can be considered decomposers EXCEPT
A. hyenas
B. bacteria
C. fungi
D. earthworms
E. dung beetles
11. Which pair of organisms is likely to engage in interspecific resource competition?
A. Deer and hare
B. Rat and beetle
C. Hawk and tree
D. Hare and rat
E. Hawk and hare
12. In a single ecosystem, two similar species can coexist peacefully as long as they do
not share the same
A. niche
B. predators
C. mutations
D. ecosystem
E. pheromones
13. . Myriophyllum spicatum, or water milfoil, native to Eurasia, is an aggressive,
invasive aquatic plant in North America. All of the following are reasons this species is
successful as an invasive species EXCEPT
A. milfoil evolved from North American plant species
B. milfoil has few natural predators in a nonnative environment
C. milfoil has few natural competitors among North American plant species
D. milfoil is a hardy plant capable of succeeding in harsher environments
E. milfoil is resistant to many native diseases that are adapted to native plant species
14. An example of a secondary consumer is
A. a lion that eats a gazelle that feeds on grass
B. a hawk that feeds on a mouse that feeds on an insect
C. a plant that is parasitic to another plant
D. a fish that feeds on algae
E. a beetle that feeds on nectar
15. Which of the following is considered a biotic factor capable of influencing a plant
species's population growth?
I. Intraspecies competition
II. Predation
III. Nutrient availability
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
I and II
I only
II only
III only
II and III
16. A lake filled with algae that are choking out aquatic plants and fish is likely
experiencing which process?
A. Eutrophication
B. Succession
C. Denitrification
D. Carbon fixation
E. Acid rain runoff
17. In a tropical food web, 800,000 kJ of energy are produced by autotrophic species.
Approximately how much energy will exist at the level of secondary consumers?
A. 8,000 kJ
B. 800 kJ
C. 80 kJ
D. 80,000 kJ
E. 800,000 kJ
18. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are most likely found in which environment?
A. Root systems of plants
B. Lower epidermis of leaves
C. Gills of freshwater fish
D. Large intestine of humans
E. Stomach of a reptile
19. Plants that inhabit warm, dry environments have evolved which of the following
adaptations?
I. Conversion of carbon dioxide to a four-carbon compound
II. Stomata that remain closed throughout the night
III. Photorespiration
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
I only
II only
I and II
II and III
I and III
20. A grassy field experiences an increase in growth in an area where phosphorus has
been added. However, no such growth occurs in a second area to which nitrogen has
been added. Which is a limiting nutrient for this ecosystem?
A. Phosphorus, because addition of this nutrient resulted in increased plant growth
B. Phosphorus, because addition of this nutrient did not affect plant growth
C. Nitrogen, because addition of this nutrient resulted in increased plant growth
D. Nitrogen, because addition of this nutrient did not affect plant growth
E. Both nitrogen and phosphorus, because addition of one nutrient increased plant
growth
21. A cell that receives more than the normal number of chromosomes can be called all
of the following EXCEPT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
monosomic
an euploid
gametic
polyploidy
trisomatic
22. People with an A-positive blood type may safely donate blood to those with which
blood type?
A. AB positive
B. B positive
C. O negative
D. A negative
E. AB negative
23. An allele that codes for all actin molecules to be synthesized in linear chains would
result in
A. normal macromere structure
B. smooth muscle tissue
C. immovable muscles
D. degeneration of muscle tissue
E. muscle tendons that cannot attach
24. A horse has 64 chromosomes, while a zebra has 46. In rare cases, it is possible to
cause these two species to hybridize, creating offspring that are
A. sterile, with 55 chromosomes
B. fertile, with 55 chromosomes
C. sterile, with 46 chromosomes
D. fertile, with 46 chromosomes
E. sterile, with 64 chromosomes
25. A genetic mutation that adds a nucleotide to a protein-coding sequence of DNA
creates an early stop codon. How will this influence the resulting protein?
A. The protein will be synthesized normally up to the mutation.
B. The secondary structure of the protein will be unchanged.
C. The protein will not be translated at all.
D. The protein will be complete but function abnormally.
E. The primary structure of the protein will be unaffected.
26. What are the three structural components of a nucleotide?
A. A sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base
B. A phosphate, an amino acid, and a carboxyl
C. An amino acid, a carboxyl, and a phosphate
D. A carboxyl, a sugar, and a phosphate
E. A nitrogenous base, an amino acid, and a sugar
27. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that integrates its own DNA
into a host cell's genome using
A. reverse transcriptase
B. helicase
C. primase
D. ligase
E. DNA polymerase
28. How will the function of a neuron be affected if the potassium channels of the
membrane remain open?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
It will continue to function normally.
It will function inconsistently.
It will no longer function due to sodium leakage.
It will continue to function but not transmit any impulses
It will no longer function due to an overly positive charge.
29. Which can affect the primary structure of a protein?
I. Genetic mutation
II. Increase in temperature
III. Decrease in pH
A. I only
B. I and II
C. I and III
D. II and III
E. I, II, and III
30. Which type of bond is broken by the helicase enzyme?
I. Covalent bonds
II. Hydrogen bonds
III. Ionic bonds
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
II only
I only
III only
I and II
I, II, and III
31. A sample of DNA is sequenced and is found to consist of 32% guanine. Which
conclusion can be drawn about the composition of the DNA sample?
A. It consists of 32% cytosine and 18% thymine
B. It consists of 18% adenine and 18% cytosine.
C.. It consists of 18% cytosine and 18% thymine.
D. It consists of 32% adenine and 18% cytosine
E. It consists of 32% thymine and 18% adenine.
32. During mitosis, a checkpoint ensures that all chromosomal kinetochore proteins,
present at the centromere of each sister chromatid, are attached to spindle fibers.
Kinetochore proteins that are unattached produce a signal that prevents mitosis from
proceeding to the next stage. This checkpoint occurs at the transition from
A. metaphase to anaphase
B. prophase to metaphase
C. metaphase to telophase
D. prophase to anaphase
E. anaphase to telophase
33. This organ secretes growth hormone (GH).
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Anterior pituitary
Thyroid
Pancreas
Parathyroid
Adrenal medulla
34. This organ secretes thyroxin.
A. Thyroid
B. Pancreas
C. Parathyroid
D. Adrenal medulla
E. Anterior pituitary
35. This organ secretes the hormone responsible for the flight-or-flight response.
A. Adrenal medulla
B. Pancreas
C. Parathyroid
D. Thyroid
E. Anterior pituitary
36. This organ secretes a hormone that causes the liver to break down glycogen.
A. Pancreas
B. Thyroid
C. Parathyroid
D. Adrenal medulla
E. Anterior pituitary
37. Crossing over occurs in this phase.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Prophase I
Anaphase I
Anaphase II
Prophase II
Metaphase I
38. Homologous chromosomes separate in this phase.
A. Anaphase I
B. Prophase I
C. Anaphase II
D. Prophase II
E. Metaphase I
39. Sister chromatids separate in this phase.
A. Anaphase II
B. Prophase I
C. Anaphase I
D. Prophase II
E. Metaphase I
40. The first terrestrial forests depended on the evolution of which plant structure?
A. Vascular tissue
B. Naked seeds
C. Covered seeds
D. Flowers
E. Deciduous leaves
41. The field of ecology that studies how species are distributed over the Earth is called
A. biogeography
B. paleontology
C. ethology
D. community ecology
E. conservation ecology
42. Which of the following is a biotic factor that limits the growth of a population in
aquatic ecosystems?
A. Competition
B. Depth
C. Light penetration
D. Nutrient availability
E. Dissolved oxygen level
43. How does the concept of inclusive fitness explain altruistic behavior in animals?
A. Altruism increases the number of young of genetically similar individuals.
Altruism results in the production of a greater number of offspring.
C. Altruism lowers stress in altruistic individuals, which increases fitness.
D. Altruism results in other individuals performing altruistic acts in return.
E. Altruism is the result of learning and occurs in most social species.
44. Animals store energy in which of the following molecular forms?
I. Glucose
B.
II. Glycogen
III. Lipid
IV. Protein
A. II and III
B. I and II
C. I, II, and III
D. II, III, and IV
E. I, II, III, and IV
45. In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?
A. S
B. G1
C. G2
D. M
E. G0
46. In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes and ribosomes share which of the following
characteristics?
I. They consist of nucleic acid.
II. They consist of protein.
III. They are in the nucleus.
A. I and II
B. II only
C. III only
D. I only
E. I and III
47. Which of the following is a macromolecule composed of amino acid subunits?
A. Amylase
B. Glycogen
C. Phospholipid
D. Polysaccharide
E. Ribonucleic acid
48. Permits gas exchange and transpiration in leaves
A. Guard cell
B. Epidermis
C. Cuticle
D. Hair
E. Sweat gland
49. Layer that restricts evaporation in humans
A. Epidermis
B. Hair
C. Cuticle
D. Guard cell
E. Sweat gland
50. Layer that restricts evaporation in plants
A. Cuticle
B. Epidermis
C. Hair
D. Guard cell
E. Sweat gland
51. Important thermoregulatory structure in humans
A. Sweat gland
B. Epidermis
C. Cuticle
D. Guard cell
E. Hair
52. Translated to synthesize protein
A. mRNA
B. tRNA
C. DNA
D. rRNA
E. RNA polymerase
53. Transports amino acids during protein synthesis
A. tRNA
B. DNA
C. mRNA
D. rRNA
E. RNA polymerase
54. Passed on to progeny cells during cell division
A. DNA
B. tRNA
C. mRNA
D. rRNA
E. RNA polymerase
55. Includes a structure known as the "anticodon"
A. tRNA
B. DNA
C. mRNA
D. rRNA
E. RNA polymerase
56. Algae that grows on the shell of a turtle; the turtle is not harmed
A. Commensalism
B. Predation
C. Interspecific competition
D. Mutualism
E. Parasitism
57. A tapeworm in the intestine of a human
A. Parasitism
B. Commensalism
C. Interspecific competition
D. Mutualism
E. Predation
58. A population that prevents other populations from using a particular limited
resource
A. Mutualism
B. Commensalism
C. Interspecific competition
D. Predation
E. Parasitism
59. Which biome contains maples, squirrels, and black bears?
A. Deciduous forest
B. Tropical rain forest
C. Temperate grasslands
D. Taiga
E. Tundra
60. A man who is color blind marries a normal woman, and together they have a
daughter who is not color blind. If the daughter marries a man with normal vision, what
is the probability of their firstborn child being a son who is color blind?
A. 25%
B. 0%
C. 50%
D. 75%
E. 100%
61. All of the following are needed for photosynthesis EXCEPT
A. glucose
B. light
C. chlorophyll
D. water
E. carbon dioxide
62. Which of the following organisms is able to regulate its own body temperature?
A. Sparrow
B. Fish
C. Snake
D. Frog
E. Turtle
63. A virus is considered a parasite because it
I. harms its host
II. kills its host
III. cannot reproduce outside its host
A. I and III only
B. II only
C. I only
D. II and III only
E. I, II, and III
64. An organism that feeds at several trophic levels is
A. an omnivore
B. a carnivore
C. a primary consumer
D. an herbivore
E. a primary producer
65. Yeast are cultured in a flask of nutrient broth under anaerobic conditions. The yeast
that are most fit are those that
A. produce the most buds
B. consume less of the limited oxygen supply
C. survive the longest
D. produce the most ATP
E. ferment the fastest
66. A mushroom is most like a
A. yeast
B. fern
C. moss
D. pine
E. seaweed
67. In a certain ecosystem, the primary producers represent 100,000 kcal of energy.
Assuming a 10% transfer of energy between trophic levels, how much energy is
available to the fourth trophic level?
A. 100 kcal
B. 10 kcal
C. 1,000 kcal
D. 10,000 kcal
E. 100,000 kcal
68. Which of the following represents the proper ecological hierarchy?
A. Population → community → ecosystem → biosphere
B. Ecosystem → community → population → biosphere
C. Population → ecosystem → community → biosphere
D. Biosphere → ecosystem → population → community
E. Community → population → biosphere → ecosystem
69. As rain mixes with chemicals such as sulfur dioxide in the air, acid rain is produced.
This may result in

(A) lowering the pH in ponds, thus limiting the survival of many organisms

(B) lowering the pH in ponds, thus affecting water temperature

(C) raising the pH in ponds, thus encouraging the growth of organisms

(D) raising the pH in ponds, thus limiting animal development

(E) depleting atmospheric carbon dioxide available for photosynthesis
70. All of the following are population characteristics EXCEPT

(A)
phenotype
(B)number of individuals

(B)

(C) sex ratio

(D) age distribution

(E) death rate
71. Blood flows from the heart to the lungs in the pulmonary artery and returns from the
lungs to the heart in the pulmonary vein. The blood in the pulmonary artery is

(A) lower in
and higher in
content than the blood in the pulmonary vein

(B) higher in both
and
content than the blood in the pulmonary vein

(C) higher in
and lower in
content than the blood in the pulmonary vein

(D) lower in both
and
content than the blood in the pulmonary vein

(E) higher in
content, but about the same in
pulmonary vein
content as the blood in the
72. Which of the following individuals is most fit in evolutionary terms?

(A) A woman of 40 with seven adult offspring

(B) A child who does not become infected with any of the usual childhood
diseases, such as measles or chicken pox

(C) A woman of 80 who has one adult offspring

(D) A 100-year-old man with no offspring

(E) A childless man who can run a mile in less than five minutes
73. How can you call in one word the following living organisms: dragonfly, bee,
wasp, fly?
A. Insects
B. Animals
C. Plants
D. Reptiles
E.Worms
74. How can you call in one word the following living organisms: elephant, hyena,
marmot, squirrel?
A. Animals
B. Insects
C. Plants
D. Reptiles
E. Worms
75. How can you call in one word the following living organisms: snakes, crocodiles,
turtles?
A. Reptiles
B. Insects
C. Plants
D. Animals
E. Worms
76. How can you call in one word the following living organisms: sparrows, ostrich,
owl, peacock?
A. Birds
B. Insects
C. Plants
D. Fungus
E. Worms
77. This is the largest animal on the terra now. He has long nose and live in hot
countries.
A. Elephant
B. Lion
C. Anteater
D. Snake
E. Crocodile
78. This is kind of cephalopod mollusks. This animal has different sizes, from small to
very big and has eight legs with suction cups.
A. Octopus
B. Snail
C. Ray
D. Shark
E. While
79. It has long body without lags.
A. Snake
B. Snail
C. Spider
D. Lizard
E. Dragonfly
80. It lives in water of Irtysh river, has more or less large size, it is a predator.
A. Pike
B. Snail
C. Spider
D. Seahorse
E. Wolf
81. This is the biggest berry in the World.
A. Watermelon
B. Strawberries
C. Raspberries
D. Melon
E. Grape
82. This is vegetable, which grow under the ground and has a lot of vitamin A in his
body.
A. Carrot
B. Cucumber
C. Tomato
D. Potato
E. Orange
83. Choose the right answer on the question: How we can use trees?
A. Right all variant
B. For wood
C. Protection from the wind
D. Give us a shadow
E. Produce paper
84. Choose the right answer on the question: Which kinds of vegetables does grow on
the trees?
A. Vegetables doesn’t grow on the trees
B. Watermelons
C. Cucumbers
D. Beans
E. Cabbage
85. This is big cat, who lives in forests and has very typical long hairs on tips of her
ears.
A. Lynx
B. Lion
C. Tiger
D. Puma
E. Leopard
86. Very often people call him like “king of animals”.
A. Lion
B. Lynx
C. Tiger
D. Puma
E. Leopard
87. Choose the odd one:
A. Squirrel
B. Octopus
C. Snail
D. Squid
E. Mussels
88. Choose the odd one:
A. Strap
B. Swallow
C. Swan
D. Owl
E. Crane
89. Choose the odd one:
A. Shrubs
B. Beak
C. Wing
D. Feather
E. Crane
90. Choose the odd one:
A. Light
B. Liver
C. Stomach
D. Kidney
E. Lungs
91. Under the ______, protoplasm is an almost colourless______.
A. microscope, substance
B. microscope, surface
C. sun, substance
D. glass, white
E. microscope, white
92. The science of arising and the development of the embryo isА) Embryology
B) Physiology
C) Morphology
D) Anatomy
E) Histology
93. Enzymes (ferments) is:
А) they speed up chemical reactions and are of protein nature
B) participate in chemical reactions, turning into other substances
C) transport oxygen and radicals
D) are the main source of energy
E) it's the hormones
94. In the cavity of the smooth EPR occurs:
A. biosynthesis of lipids and polysaccharides
B. final modification of proteins and their sorting
C. DNA replication, synthesis of tRNA and rRNA
D. biosynthesis, transport, and initial modification of proteins
E. the biosynthesis of proteins
95. Vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes (proteases, nucleases, lipases) are
called:
A. lysosomes
B. peroxisome
C. spherosome
D. vacuoles
E. plastids
96.The accumulation of substances, their modification and sorting, packing in
bubbles and formation of primary lysosomes occurs in:
A. Golgi apparatus
B. granular EPR
C. smooth EPR
D. plasma membrane
E. on the ribosome
97.The main function of granular EPR is:
A. biosynthesis, transport, and initial modification of proteins B. the formation of
lysosomes
C. the formation of the nuclear envelope
D. biosynthesis of lipids and polysaccharides
E. the formation of kinetosome
98.Organoid is controlling the formation of microtubules of cytoskeleton, organelles
movement of the mitotic spindle, is called:
A. cellular center (centrosome)
B. kinetosome
C. acrosome
D. nucleus
E. ribosome
99. The prokaryotes include:
А) bacteria and cyanobacteria
B) animals
C) mushrooms
D) plants
E) people
100. Complexes of a single molecule of mRNA (mRNA) and its associated tens
of ribosomes are called:
A. polisoms
B. Nucleaire
C. cintamani
D. nucleosomes
E. monosoms