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Рубежный контроль № 2 Профессионально ориентированный английский Каждый ответ «А» - правильный 1. Nitrogenous base that occurs in RNA but not in DNA a. Uracil b. Ribose c. Cytosine d. Thymine e. Deoxyribose 2. Sugar that occurs in DNA but not in RNA a. Deoxyribose b. Ribose c. Uracil d. Cytosine e. Thymine 3. A nitrogenous base that occurs in DNA in equal quantities with guanine a. Cytosine b. Deoxyribose c. Ribose d. Uracil e. Thymine 4. The change in plant types inhabiting an area over time, resulting in a climax community a. Succession b. Dispersion c. Fertilization d. Speciation e. Mutation 5. The inability of two populations to interbreed after being separated by a barrier for a long period of time a. Speciation b. Succession c. Dispersion d. Fertilization e. Mutation 6. Plants growing in and around a pond eventually filling in the pond and changing it to a terrestrial habitat a. Succession b. Speciation c. Dispersion d. Fertilization e. Mutation 7. Organisms that comprise the greatest mass of living substance (biomass) in a terrestrial food chain a. Producers (e.g., grasses) b. Decomposers (e.g., bacteria) c. Primary consumers (e.g., mice) d. Secondary consumers (e.g., snakes) e. Tertiary consumers (e.g., hawks) 8. Organisms that convert nitrogen-containing organic molecules into nitrates a. Decomposers (e.g., bacteria) b. Producers (e.g., grasses) c. Primary consumers (e.g., mice) d. Secondary consumers (e.g., snakes) e. Tertiary consumers (e.g., hawks) 9. A biome that contains a layer of permanently frozen soil, called permafrost, would be classified as A. tundra B. desert C. taiga D. savannah E. temperate deciduous forest 10.All of the following can be considered decomposers EXCEPT A. hyenas B. bacteria C. fungi D. earthworms E. dung beetles 11. Which pair of organisms is likely to engage in interspecific resource competition? A. Deer and hare B. Rat and beetle C. Hawk and tree D. Hare and rat E. Hawk and hare 12. In a single ecosystem, two similar species can coexist peacefully as long as they do not share the same A. niche B. predators C. mutations D. ecosystem E. pheromones 13. . Myriophyllum spicatum, or water milfoil, native to Eurasia, is an aggressive, invasive aquatic plant in North America. All of the following are reasons this species is successful as an invasive species EXCEPT A. milfoil evolved from North American plant species B. milfoil has few natural predators in a nonnative environment C. milfoil has few natural competitors among North American plant species D. milfoil is a hardy plant capable of succeeding in harsher environments E. milfoil is resistant to many native diseases that are adapted to native plant species 14. An example of a secondary consumer is A. a lion that eats a gazelle that feeds on grass B. a hawk that feeds on a mouse that feeds on an insect C. a plant that is parasitic to another plant D. a fish that feeds on algae E. a beetle that feeds on nectar 15. Which of the following is considered a biotic factor capable of influencing a plant species's population growth? I. Intraspecies competition II. Predation III. Nutrient availability A. B. C. D. E. I and II I only II only III only II and III 16. A lake filled with algae that are choking out aquatic plants and fish is likely experiencing which process? A. Eutrophication B. Succession C. Denitrification D. Carbon fixation E. Acid rain runoff 17. In a tropical food web, 800,000 kJ of energy are produced by autotrophic species. Approximately how much energy will exist at the level of secondary consumers? A. 8,000 kJ B. 800 kJ C. 80 kJ D. 80,000 kJ E. 800,000 kJ 18. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are most likely found in which environment? A. Root systems of plants B. Lower epidermis of leaves C. Gills of freshwater fish D. Large intestine of humans E. Stomach of a reptile 19. Plants that inhabit warm, dry environments have evolved which of the following adaptations? I. Conversion of carbon dioxide to a four-carbon compound II. Stomata that remain closed throughout the night III. Photorespiration A. B. C. D. E. I only II only I and II II and III I and III 20. A grassy field experiences an increase in growth in an area where phosphorus has been added. However, no such growth occurs in a second area to which nitrogen has been added. Which is a limiting nutrient for this ecosystem? A. Phosphorus, because addition of this nutrient resulted in increased plant growth B. Phosphorus, because addition of this nutrient did not affect plant growth C. Nitrogen, because addition of this nutrient resulted in increased plant growth D. Nitrogen, because addition of this nutrient did not affect plant growth E. Both nitrogen and phosphorus, because addition of one nutrient increased plant growth 21. A cell that receives more than the normal number of chromosomes can be called all of the following EXCEPT A. B. C. D. E. monosomic an euploid gametic polyploidy trisomatic 22. People with an A-positive blood type may safely donate blood to those with which blood type? A. AB positive B. B positive C. O negative D. A negative E. AB negative 23. An allele that codes for all actin molecules to be synthesized in linear chains would result in A. normal macromere structure B. smooth muscle tissue C. immovable muscles D. degeneration of muscle tissue E. muscle tendons that cannot attach 24. A horse has 64 chromosomes, while a zebra has 46. In rare cases, it is possible to cause these two species to hybridize, creating offspring that are A. sterile, with 55 chromosomes B. fertile, with 55 chromosomes C. sterile, with 46 chromosomes D. fertile, with 46 chromosomes E. sterile, with 64 chromosomes 25. A genetic mutation that adds a nucleotide to a protein-coding sequence of DNA creates an early stop codon. How will this influence the resulting protein? A. The protein will be synthesized normally up to the mutation. B. The secondary structure of the protein will be unchanged. C. The protein will not be translated at all. D. The protein will be complete but function abnormally. E. The primary structure of the protein will be unaffected. 26. What are the three structural components of a nucleotide? A. A sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base B. A phosphate, an amino acid, and a carboxyl C. An amino acid, a carboxyl, and a phosphate D. A carboxyl, a sugar, and a phosphate E. A nitrogenous base, an amino acid, and a sugar 27. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that integrates its own DNA into a host cell's genome using A. reverse transcriptase B. helicase C. primase D. ligase E. DNA polymerase 28. How will the function of a neuron be affected if the potassium channels of the membrane remain open? A. B. C. D. E. It will continue to function normally. It will function inconsistently. It will no longer function due to sodium leakage. It will continue to function but not transmit any impulses It will no longer function due to an overly positive charge. 29. Which can affect the primary structure of a protein? I. Genetic mutation II. Increase in temperature III. Decrease in pH A. I only B. I and II C. I and III D. II and III E. I, II, and III 30. Which type of bond is broken by the helicase enzyme? I. Covalent bonds II. Hydrogen bonds III. Ionic bonds A. B. C. D. E. II only I only III only I and II I, II, and III 31. A sample of DNA is sequenced and is found to consist of 32% guanine. Which conclusion can be drawn about the composition of the DNA sample? A. It consists of 32% cytosine and 18% thymine B. It consists of 18% adenine and 18% cytosine. C.. It consists of 18% cytosine and 18% thymine. D. It consists of 32% adenine and 18% cytosine E. It consists of 32% thymine and 18% adenine. 32. During mitosis, a checkpoint ensures that all chromosomal kinetochore proteins, present at the centromere of each sister chromatid, are attached to spindle fibers. Kinetochore proteins that are unattached produce a signal that prevents mitosis from proceeding to the next stage. This checkpoint occurs at the transition from A. metaphase to anaphase B. prophase to metaphase C. metaphase to telophase D. prophase to anaphase E. anaphase to telophase 33. This organ secretes growth hormone (GH). A. B. C. D. E. Anterior pituitary Thyroid Pancreas Parathyroid Adrenal medulla 34. This organ secretes thyroxin. A. Thyroid B. Pancreas C. Parathyroid D. Adrenal medulla E. Anterior pituitary 35. This organ secretes the hormone responsible for the flight-or-flight response. A. Adrenal medulla B. Pancreas C. Parathyroid D. Thyroid E. Anterior pituitary 36. This organ secretes a hormone that causes the liver to break down glycogen. A. Pancreas B. Thyroid C. Parathyroid D. Adrenal medulla E. Anterior pituitary 37. Crossing over occurs in this phase. A. B. C. D. E. Prophase I Anaphase I Anaphase II Prophase II Metaphase I 38. Homologous chromosomes separate in this phase. A. Anaphase I B. Prophase I C. Anaphase II D. Prophase II E. Metaphase I 39. Sister chromatids separate in this phase. A. Anaphase II B. Prophase I C. Anaphase I D. Prophase II E. Metaphase I 40. The first terrestrial forests depended on the evolution of which plant structure? A. Vascular tissue B. Naked seeds C. Covered seeds D. Flowers E. Deciduous leaves 41. The field of ecology that studies how species are distributed over the Earth is called A. biogeography B. paleontology C. ethology D. community ecology E. conservation ecology 42. Which of the following is a biotic factor that limits the growth of a population in aquatic ecosystems? A. Competition B. Depth C. Light penetration D. Nutrient availability E. Dissolved oxygen level 43. How does the concept of inclusive fitness explain altruistic behavior in animals? A. Altruism increases the number of young of genetically similar individuals. Altruism results in the production of a greater number of offspring. C. Altruism lowers stress in altruistic individuals, which increases fitness. D. Altruism results in other individuals performing altruistic acts in return. E. Altruism is the result of learning and occurs in most social species. 44. Animals store energy in which of the following molecular forms? I. Glucose B. II. Glycogen III. Lipid IV. Protein A. II and III B. I and II C. I, II, and III D. II, III, and IV E. I, II, III, and IV 45. In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place? A. S B. G1 C. G2 D. M E. G0 46. In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes and ribosomes share which of the following characteristics? I. They consist of nucleic acid. II. They consist of protein. III. They are in the nucleus. A. I and II B. II only C. III only D. I only E. I and III 47. Which of the following is a macromolecule composed of amino acid subunits? A. Amylase B. Glycogen C. Phospholipid D. Polysaccharide E. Ribonucleic acid 48. Permits gas exchange and transpiration in leaves A. Guard cell B. Epidermis C. Cuticle D. Hair E. Sweat gland 49. Layer that restricts evaporation in humans A. Epidermis B. Hair C. Cuticle D. Guard cell E. Sweat gland 50. Layer that restricts evaporation in plants A. Cuticle B. Epidermis C. Hair D. Guard cell E. Sweat gland 51. Important thermoregulatory structure in humans A. Sweat gland B. Epidermis C. Cuticle D. Guard cell E. Hair 52. Translated to synthesize protein A. mRNA B. tRNA C. DNA D. rRNA E. RNA polymerase 53. Transports amino acids during protein synthesis A. tRNA B. DNA C. mRNA D. rRNA E. RNA polymerase 54. Passed on to progeny cells during cell division A. DNA B. tRNA C. mRNA D. rRNA E. RNA polymerase 55. Includes a structure known as the "anticodon" A. tRNA B. DNA C. mRNA D. rRNA E. RNA polymerase 56. Algae that grows on the shell of a turtle; the turtle is not harmed A. Commensalism B. Predation C. Interspecific competition D. Mutualism E. Parasitism 57. A tapeworm in the intestine of a human A. Parasitism B. Commensalism C. Interspecific competition D. Mutualism E. Predation 58. A population that prevents other populations from using a particular limited resource A. Mutualism B. Commensalism C. Interspecific competition D. Predation E. Parasitism 59. Which biome contains maples, squirrels, and black bears? A. Deciduous forest B. Tropical rain forest C. Temperate grasslands D. Taiga E. Tundra 60. A man who is color blind marries a normal woman, and together they have a daughter who is not color blind. If the daughter marries a man with normal vision, what is the probability of their firstborn child being a son who is color blind? A. 25% B. 0% C. 50% D. 75% E. 100% 61. All of the following are needed for photosynthesis EXCEPT A. glucose B. light C. chlorophyll D. water E. carbon dioxide 62. Which of the following organisms is able to regulate its own body temperature? A. Sparrow B. Fish C. Snake D. Frog E. Turtle 63. A virus is considered a parasite because it I. harms its host II. kills its host III. cannot reproduce outside its host A. I and III only B. II only C. I only D. II and III only E. I, II, and III 64. An organism that feeds at several trophic levels is A. an omnivore B. a carnivore C. a primary consumer D. an herbivore E. a primary producer 65. Yeast are cultured in a flask of nutrient broth under anaerobic conditions. The yeast that are most fit are those that A. produce the most buds B. consume less of the limited oxygen supply C. survive the longest D. produce the most ATP E. ferment the fastest 66. A mushroom is most like a A. yeast B. fern C. moss D. pine E. seaweed 67. In a certain ecosystem, the primary producers represent 100,000 kcal of energy. Assuming a 10% transfer of energy between trophic levels, how much energy is available to the fourth trophic level? A. 100 kcal B. 10 kcal C. 1,000 kcal D. 10,000 kcal E. 100,000 kcal 68. Which of the following represents the proper ecological hierarchy? A. Population → community → ecosystem → biosphere B. Ecosystem → community → population → biosphere C. Population → ecosystem → community → biosphere D. Biosphere → ecosystem → population → community E. Community → population → biosphere → ecosystem 69. As rain mixes with chemicals such as sulfur dioxide in the air, acid rain is produced. This may result in (A) lowering the pH in ponds, thus limiting the survival of many organisms (B) lowering the pH in ponds, thus affecting water temperature (C) raising the pH in ponds, thus encouraging the growth of organisms (D) raising the pH in ponds, thus limiting animal development (E) depleting atmospheric carbon dioxide available for photosynthesis 70. All of the following are population characteristics EXCEPT (A) phenotype (B)number of individuals (B) (C) sex ratio (D) age distribution (E) death rate 71. Blood flows from the heart to the lungs in the pulmonary artery and returns from the lungs to the heart in the pulmonary vein. The blood in the pulmonary artery is (A) lower in and higher in content than the blood in the pulmonary vein (B) higher in both and content than the blood in the pulmonary vein (C) higher in and lower in content than the blood in the pulmonary vein (D) lower in both and content than the blood in the pulmonary vein (E) higher in content, but about the same in pulmonary vein content as the blood in the 72. Which of the following individuals is most fit in evolutionary terms? (A) A woman of 40 with seven adult offspring (B) A child who does not become infected with any of the usual childhood diseases, such as measles or chicken pox (C) A woman of 80 who has one adult offspring (D) A 100-year-old man with no offspring (E) A childless man who can run a mile in less than five minutes 73. How can you call in one word the following living organisms: dragonfly, bee, wasp, fly? A. Insects B. Animals C. Plants D. Reptiles E.Worms 74. How can you call in one word the following living organisms: elephant, hyena, marmot, squirrel? A. Animals B. Insects C. Plants D. Reptiles E. Worms 75. How can you call in one word the following living organisms: snakes, crocodiles, turtles? A. Reptiles B. Insects C. Plants D. Animals E. Worms 76. How can you call in one word the following living organisms: sparrows, ostrich, owl, peacock? A. Birds B. Insects C. Plants D. Fungus E. Worms 77. This is the largest animal on the terra now. He has long nose and live in hot countries. A. Elephant B. Lion C. Anteater D. Snake E. Crocodile 78. This is kind of cephalopod mollusks. This animal has different sizes, from small to very big and has eight legs with suction cups. A. Octopus B. Snail C. Ray D. Shark E. While 79. It has long body without lags. A. Snake B. Snail C. Spider D. Lizard E. Dragonfly 80. It lives in water of Irtysh river, has more or less large size, it is a predator. A. Pike B. Snail C. Spider D. Seahorse E. Wolf 81. This is the biggest berry in the World. A. Watermelon B. Strawberries C. Raspberries D. Melon E. Grape 82. This is vegetable, which grow under the ground and has a lot of vitamin A in his body. A. Carrot B. Cucumber C. Tomato D. Potato E. Orange 83. Choose the right answer on the question: How we can use trees? A. Right all variant B. For wood C. Protection from the wind D. Give us a shadow E. Produce paper 84. Choose the right answer on the question: Which kinds of vegetables does grow on the trees? A. Vegetables doesn’t grow on the trees B. Watermelons C. Cucumbers D. Beans E. Cabbage 85. This is big cat, who lives in forests and has very typical long hairs on tips of her ears. A. Lynx B. Lion C. Tiger D. Puma E. Leopard 86. Very often people call him like “king of animals”. A. Lion B. Lynx C. Tiger D. Puma E. Leopard 87. Choose the odd one: A. Squirrel B. Octopus C. Snail D. Squid E. Mussels 88. Choose the odd one: A. Strap B. Swallow C. Swan D. Owl E. Crane 89. Choose the odd one: A. Shrubs B. Beak C. Wing D. Feather E. Crane 90. Choose the odd one: A. Light B. Liver C. Stomach D. Kidney E. Lungs 91. Under the ______, protoplasm is an almost colourless______. A. microscope, substance B. microscope, surface C. sun, substance D. glass, white E. microscope, white 92. The science of arising and the development of the embryo isА) Embryology B) Physiology C) Morphology D) Anatomy E) Histology 93. Enzymes (ferments) is: А) they speed up chemical reactions and are of protein nature B) participate in chemical reactions, turning into other substances C) transport oxygen and radicals D) are the main source of energy E) it's the hormones 94. In the cavity of the smooth EPR occurs: A. biosynthesis of lipids and polysaccharides B. final modification of proteins and their sorting C. DNA replication, synthesis of tRNA and rRNA D. biosynthesis, transport, and initial modification of proteins E. the biosynthesis of proteins 95. Vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes (proteases, nucleases, lipases) are called: A. lysosomes B. peroxisome C. spherosome D. vacuoles E. plastids 96.The accumulation of substances, their modification and sorting, packing in bubbles and formation of primary lysosomes occurs in: A. Golgi apparatus B. granular EPR C. smooth EPR D. plasma membrane E. on the ribosome 97.The main function of granular EPR is: A. biosynthesis, transport, and initial modification of proteins B. the formation of lysosomes C. the formation of the nuclear envelope D. biosynthesis of lipids and polysaccharides E. the formation of kinetosome 98.Organoid is controlling the formation of microtubules of cytoskeleton, organelles movement of the mitotic spindle, is called: A. cellular center (centrosome) B. kinetosome C. acrosome D. nucleus E. ribosome 99. The prokaryotes include: А) bacteria and cyanobacteria B) animals C) mushrooms D) plants E) people 100. Complexes of a single molecule of mRNA (mRNA) and its associated tens of ribosomes are called: A. polisoms B. Nucleaire C. cintamani D. nucleosomes E. monosoms