* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Verbs
Lexical semantics wikipedia , lookup
Old Irish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Arabic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Macedonian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Compound (linguistics) wikipedia , lookup
Ojibwe grammar wikipedia , lookup
Georgian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Chinese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lithuanian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Comparison (grammar) wikipedia , lookup
Zulu grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ukrainian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Modern Hebrew grammar wikipedia , lookup
Portuguese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Spanish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Latin syntax wikipedia , lookup
Russian declension wikipedia , lookup
Icelandic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Esperanto grammar wikipedia , lookup
Sotho parts of speech wikipedia , lookup
Modern Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Norse morphology wikipedia , lookup
Russian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Determiner phrase wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Japanese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Vietnamese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old English grammar wikipedia , lookup
Swedish grammar wikipedia , lookup
French grammar wikipedia , lookup
Scottish Gaelic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Turkish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Serbo-Croatian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Yiddish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Malay grammar wikipedia , lookup
Pipil grammar wikipedia , lookup
Word classes and linguistic terms Here we will revise some When you do a of the tools and terms science experiment, it’s helpful to know the names we use in English. of the equipment and materials you use. It saves misunderstandings and you know what you’re doing. The same is true of language. It’s important to know the tools you use and the names for things. © Boardworks Ltd 2001 Word classes There are different types or classes of word. Here are the main words classes. noun preposition adjective conjunction adverb verb pronoun determiner Let’s see how well you know them. © Boardworks Ltd 2001 © Boardworks Ltd 2001 Nouns Did you notice that nouns were missing from the last exercise? Nouns denote people and places, things and ideas. They can be divided into the following groups. proper Names of people, places, etc. They have a capital letter. common All nouns that are not proper nouns. collective This is a noun that refers to a group. E.g. flock, herd, E.g. London © Boardworks Ltd 2001 © Boardworks Ltd 2001 Noun phrases A noun phrase refers to a group of words that are built around a noun. E.g. my sister my little sister Notice how you can build up noun phrases. my brave little sister my brave little sister on crutches © Boardworks Ltd 2001 © Boardworks Ltd 2001 Adjectives Adjectives describe people or things. They go before nouns and after some verbs. E.g. the happy girl she is happy the wooden table the table looks wooden © Boardworks Ltd 2001 © Boardworks Ltd 2001 Adjectives You can also compare things using adjectives. This drink is cool. The water is cooler. This is the comparative form. The cola is coolest. This is the superlative form. For words of more than two syllables, we use more and most to make these forms. more important This is the comparative form. most important This is the superlative form. © Boardworks Ltd 2001 Verbs A verb expresses an action or a state of being. She jumped up. There are main verbs... I walked away. and auxiliary verbs. I was walking away. He is happy. Auxiliary verbs help the main verb. These are auxiliary verbs. be have do may might can could will would shall should must These can be either auxiliary or main verbs: be have do © Boardworks Ltd 2001 © Boardworks Ltd 2001 Verbs Verbs can change their form. This gives us an indication of when the action takes place. Look at how these sentences tell us when the action takes place. I dance for enjoyment. present I danced all last night. past I was dancing for four hours. past I will be dancing next week too. future © Boardworks Ltd 2001 Adverbs Can you spot the adverbs in these sentences? • He walked slowly. slowly. • He walked extremely extremelyslowly. slowly. • His progress was really really slow. slow. a verb another adverb an adjective Adverbs often end in -ly, but here are some more to look out for: Did you spot these? An adverb can give more information about... well very often never later now yesterday soon perhaps © Boardworks Ltd 2001 Pronouns Pronouns often replace a noun. They help us to avoid repetition. Here are some very common pronouns: our you whom which those theirs Here are some more to look out for. I me we us you he she it they them myself yourself itself this that these someone who what my mine our ours your yours his her their © Boardworks Ltd 2001 © Boardworks Ltd 2001 Determiners Determiners are used with nouns. The most common determiners are: a an the Other common determiners are this that these those my you’re his her its our their some many no all each every both enough numbers (one, two, three, etc.) Many determiners are used as pronouns and in that case they are not followed by a noun. © Boardworks Ltd 2001 Conjunctions These are words which join clauses together. but Other conjunctions tell us when, where and why. •I will be leaving after I have eaten. and or yet • You will find your ring where you left it. •The train is late because it left Penzance late. Some other common conjunctions are: before, since, until, although, then unless, so, when, wherever © Boardworks Ltd 2001 © Boardworks Ltd 2001 Plenary Well done! There’s a lot of tricky words and phrases here. Knowledge about words will give you control over the words you use. It will help you investigate the writing of others too. © Boardworks Ltd 2001