Download 1. The Circulatory System

KS4 Physical
Education
The Cardiovascular System
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Functions of the cardiovascular system
The cardiovascular system has three functions:
1. Transporting substances around the body.
These include oxygen, glucose, carbon
dioxide, nutrients, water and waste products.
2. Controlling body temperature.
3. Protecting the body. Blood contains
cells and antibodies that fight infection
and clotting agents to stop bleeding.
The circulatory system is described as a double
system because it has two loops.
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The heart
The heart is a muscular
organ located between
the lungs in the centre of
the chest (thorax), and is
about the size of a fist.
The heart mainly
consists of cardiac
muscle tissue which
contracts involuntarily.
It pumps blood continuously around the body. A person can
lose consciousness within just a few seconds if the brain is
deprived of blood.
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Structures of the heart
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What are the stages in the cardiac cycle?
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Blood
Blood is the body’s means of transporting
substances around. It transports:
oxygen from the lungs to the heart
and then to the body’s tissues
carbon dioxide from the tissues to the
heart and then to the lungs to be expired
materials like hormones from one
organ to another
nutrients (especially glucose) and
minerals from the intestines to the tissues
waste products to the kidneys.
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Blood flow around the body
When blood passes through the lungs
it becomes oxygenated – red blood
cells absorb oxygen.
As the blood moves around the
body it becomes deoxygenated –
oxygen is released into body cells.
Blood cells absorb the waste
product carbon dioxide from body
cells. It is carried back to the lungs
where it is removed.
Can you name the type of blood vessel that
carries oxygenated blood around the body?
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Double circulatory system
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