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MITOSIS The Cell Cycle Interphase: in between stages of dividing G1—beginning cell growth S—DNA duplicates (makes a copy) DNA is in the form of chromatin G2—cell undergoes it’s function Purpose: to replace dead or dying cells to allow an organism to grow and develop Mitosis Mitosis animation: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2WwIKdyBN_s&feature=related Mitosis: What is it basically? DNA copies (chromosomes) are separated & sorted into two sides of the cell the cell then splits in two and part of each parent is carried to the two new cells. each ‘daughter’ cell is identical to the parent cell results in cells such as internal organs, skin, bones, blood, etc. Vocabulary Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis Interphase occurs just before Mitosis begins: DNA is replicated along with organelles and other cellular components and the cell prepares for division. http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/1110Lab/notes/notes1/lab6.htm An Electron Microscope Image of Duplicated Pair of Chromosomes Mitosis Interphase Animal cell Plant cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm st 1 step in Mitosis: Prophase (preparation phase) •the DNA recoils, and the chromosomes condense •the nuclear membrane disappears •mitotic spindles begin to form. http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/1110Lab/notes/notes1/lab6.htm Mitosis Prophase Animal cell Plant cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm 2nd step in Mitosis: Metaphase (organizational phase) spindle fibres attach to the chromosomes at the centromere chromosomes line up the middle of the cell http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/1110Lab/notes/notes1/lab6.htm Mitosis Metaphase Animal cell Plant cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm rd 3 step in Mitosis: Anaphase (separation phase) the chromosomes split at the centromere the ‘sister ‘chromatids are pulled by the spindle fibers to opposite poles of the cell. http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/1110Lab/notes/notes1/lab6.htm Mitosis Anaphase Animal cell Plant cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm th 4 step in Mitosis: Telophase the chromosomes, the cytoplasm and organelles divide into 2 portions. this diagram shows the end of telophase. http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/1110Lab/notes/notes1/lab6.htm Mitosis Telophase Animal cell Plant cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm After Mitosis: Cytokinesis the actual splitting of the daughter cells into two separate cells is called cytokinesis occurs differently in both plant and animal cells. (Cleavage in animals, cell wall in plants) http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/1110Lab/notes/notes1/lab6.htm Beginning of cytokinesis in a plant: Beginning of cytokinesis in an animal: WHICH STAGE ARE THESE CELLS IN? Mitosis Mitosis animations: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2WwIKdyBN_s&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VlN7K1-9QB0 MITOSIS ANIMATION Look at the next few slides in quick succession to see an almost animated plant mitosis sequence.