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Transcript
Chapter 5 Lesson 3 The Pyramid Builders Wednesday, March 5, 2014 The Old Kingdom: • A legend says a king named Narmer united Upper and Lower Egypt • Some historians believe Narmer represents several kings who joined the land • After Egypt was united its ruler wore a double crown • It combined the red Crown of Lower Egypt w/ the white Crown of Upper Egypt Wednesday, March 5, 2014 The First Dynasty: • The first dynasty of Egypt began around 2925 B.C. • A DYNASTY is a line of rulers from the same family • A ruler’s oldest child usually took the king’s place when he died • The order in which members of a royal family inherit the throne is called SUCCESSION • Egyptian dynasties are divided into the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms Wednesday, March 5, 2014 Pharaohs Rule: • A king of Egypt was known as a pharaoh • PHARAOH means “great house” it originally was used to describe the king’s palace, later it stood for the king himself • The pharaoh ruled from the capital city of Memphis • Egyptians thought a pharaoh was a child of the gods and a god himself • Egyptians believed if the pharaoh and his subjects honored the gods their lives would be happy Wednesday, March 5, 2014 Pharaohs Rule cont. • If Egypt suffered hardships for a long period of time, people blamed the pharaohs for angering the gods • If this happened, people might have revolted and driven the pharaoh out to start a new dynasty • Government and religion was not separate priest had a lot of power in government Wednesday, March 5, 2014 Khufu’s Great Pyramid: • • • • First rulers of Egypt were often buried in an underground tomb • 2630 B.C. King Djoser built a large STEP PYRAMID its sides rise in a series of steps • This pyramid is the oldest-known large stone structure in the world Later, rulers wanted more permanent structures These structures became pyramids PYRAMID a structure shaped like a triangle w/ four sides that meet @ a point Wednesday, March 5, 2014 The Great Pyramid: • 80 years later a pharaoh named KHUFU ordered the construction of the largest pyramid ever built • Each side along the base was 760 ft. long. The core was built from 2.3 million blocks of stone • • • Miners cut huge blocks of stone w/ copper saws and chisels • Farmers did the heavy labor during flooding season sloping ramps were used to pull the slabs into place Towards the top workers dragged heavy blocks hundreds of feet to set in place Wednesday, March 5, 2014 Great Pyramid cont. • Skilled stone cutters and overseers worked yearround • The Great Pyramid took 20 years to build • Around 20,000 Egyptians worked on it • A city called Giza was built for the pyramid workers and those who fed, clothed, and housed them Wednesday, March 5, 2014 Grave Robbers: • Pyramids were not built anymore due to the tombs inside them • Grave robbers would break in and steal items buried w/ the pharaohs. They would even steal mummies • If a tomb was robbed, Egyptians believed the person buried would not have a good afterlife • In the New Kingdom secret tombs were built in the area called The Valley of the Kings • Chambers were hidden in mtns. near the Nile to protect those buried Wednesday, March 5, 2014 Inside the Tombs: • Pyramids and tombs had several passageways leading to different rooms (done to confuse robbers) • Small statues could be found representing servants for the afterlife • Artists painted and carved on walls • Paintings showed a person’s head, arms, and legs from the side • Paintings showed pharaohs enjoying themselves, some were fishing, while others were portrayed in battle Wednesday, March 5, 2014 Middle Kingdom: • Around 2130 B.C. Egyptian kings began to lose their power to local rulers of the provinces • 500 years later kings helped Egypt stay together, but w/ a weaker government • This period was called the Middle Kingdom Wednesday, March 5, 2014 Invasions: • During the Middle Kingdom rulers faced challenges outside of Egypt • Nomadic people called Hyksos (HINK-sohs) invaded Egypt • This nomadic group conquered the Egyptians due to having better weapons and horse drawn chariots • About 100 yrs. later Egypt was able to drive out the Hyksos and begin the New Kingdom Wednesday, March 5, 2014