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Essential ELA Skills Alignment – Standards for Language Content Source: Tulare County Office of Education – Format Design: OASIS, LLC Grade: Kindergarten Grade: First Grade: Second Language Standard: L.K.1 Language Standard: L.1.1 Language Standard: L.2.1 Demonstrate command of the conventions of Demonstrate command of the conventions of Demonstrate command of the conventions of Standard English grammar and usage when writing or Standard English grammar and usage when writing or Standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. speaking. speaking. a. Print many upper-and lowercase letters. a. Print all upper-and lowercase letters. a. Create readable documents with legible print. b. Use frequently occurring nouns and verbs. b. Use common, proper, and possessive nouns. b. Use collective nouns (e.g., group). c. Form regular plural nouns orally by adding/s /or/ c. Use singular and plural nouns with matching c. Form and use frequently occurring irregular es /(e.g., dog, dogs;wish, wishes). verbs in basic sentences (e.g., He hops; We hop). plural nouns (e.g., feet children, teeth, mice, fish). d. Understand and use question words d. Use personal (subject, object), possessive, and d. Use reflexive pronouns (e.g., myself, ourselves). (interrogatives) (e.g., who, what,where, when, indefinite pronouns (e.g., I, me, they, them, their; e. Form and use the past tense of frequently why, how). anyone, everything). occurring irregular verbs (e.g., sat, hid, told). e. Use the most frequently occurring prepositions e. Use verbs to convey a sense of past, present, and f. Use adjectives and adverbs, and choose between (e.g., to, from, in, out, on, off, for, of, by, with). future (e.g., Yesterday I walked home; Today I them depending on what is to be modified. f. Produce and expand complete sentences in walk home; Tomorrow I will walk home.) g. Produce, expand, and rearrange complete shared language activities. f. Use frequently occurring adjectives. simple and compound sentences (e.g., The g. Use frequently occurring conjunctions (e.g., and, boy watched the movie; The little boy watched but, or, so, because). the movie; The action movie was watched by the h. Use determiners (e.g., articles, demonstratives). little boy). i. Use frequently occurring prepositions (e.g., during, beyond, toward ). j. Produce and expand complete simple and compound declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory sentences in response to prompts. L.K.1 Essential Skills and Concepts: L.1.1 Essential Skills and Concepts: L.2.1 Essential Skills and Concepts: Be able to recognize upper and lowercase Write a complete sentence Know how to print legibly letters Understand that a complete sentence has a Understand that there are special words used to Correctly form upper and lowercase letters subject and predicate define a collection of objects, people, or things Know that nouns are words that name people, Understand that proper nouns (group, herd, school, etc) places, things and ideas Understand the use of adjectives Know how regular plurals are formed Know that verbs describe actions Understand the difference between uppercase Distinguish between a regular/irregular plural Know that many singular nouns can become and lowercase letters Know that the subjects and predicates in a plurals by addings or es Understand different types of sentences sentence can be moved and still make sense Form questions using who, what, where, when, why and how Know that the position of objects can be described by using words like to, from, in, on, etc. Know how to speak in complete sentences Know that you can expand a sentence by adding adjectives (color words) and prepositional phrases (in the room) Essential ELA Skills Alignment – Standards for Language Content Source: Tulare County Office of Education – Format Design: OASIS, LLC Grade: Third Grade: Fourth Grade: Fifth Language Standard: L.3.1 Language Standard: L.4.1 Language Standard: L.5.1 Demonstrate command of the conventions of Demonstrate command of the conventions of Demonstrate command of the conventions of Standard English grammar and usage when writing or Standard English grammar and usage when writing or Standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. speaking. speaking. a. Write legibly in cursive or joined italics, allowing a. Write fluidly and legibly in cursive or joined a. Explain the function of conjunctions, premargins and correct spacing between italics. positions, and interjections in general and their b. Explain the function of nouns, pronouns, verbs, b. Use interrogative relative pronouns (who, whose, function in particular sentences. letters in a word and words in a sentence. whom, which, that)and relative adverbs (where, b. Form and use the perfect (e.g., I had walked; I adjectives, and adverbs in general and their when, why) have walked; I will have walked) verb tenses. functions in particular sentences. c. Form and use the progressive (e.g., I was walking; c. Use verb tense to convey various times, c. Use reciprocal pronouns correctly I am walking; I will be walking) verb tenses sequences, states, and conditions. d. Form and use regular and irregular plural nouns. d. Use modal auxiliaries (e.g., can, may, must) to d. Recognize and correct inappropriate shifts in e. Use abstract nouns (e.g., childhood) convey various conditions. verb tense. f. Form and use regular and irregular verbs. e. Order adjectives within sentences according to e. Use correlative conjunctions (e.g., either/or, g. Form and use the simple (e.g., I walked; I walk; conventional patterns (e.g., a small red bag neither/nor). I will walk) verb tenses. rather than a red small bag). h. Ensure subject-verb and pronoun antecedent f. Form and use prepositional phrases. agreement.* g. Produce complete sentences, recognizing and i. Form and use comparative and superlative correcting inappropriate fragments and run-ons. adjectives and adverbs, and choose between h. Correctly use frequently confused words (e.g., them depending on what is to be modified. to, too, two; there, their). j. Use coordinating and subordinating conjunctions. k. Produce simple, compound, and complex sentences L.3.1 Essential Skills and Concepts: L.4.1 Essential Skills and Concepts: L.5.1 Essential Skills and Concepts: Write legibly using cursive or joined italics Know the rules that govern grammar usage such Explain the function of conjunctions, preKnow the rules that govern common grammar as; positions, and interjections Understand subject/verb agreement o when to use modal verbs to express Use the appropriate verb tenses Recognize and write simple, compound, and conditions Know that verb tenses convey a sense of time complex sentences o the order of adjectives in a sentence and states of being Understand comparative and superlative o how to form prepositional phrases Monitor the use of verb tenses and correct when o how to form complete sentences necessary o recognize and correct sentence fragments Correctly use either/or, neither/nor, etc o recognize and correct run-on sentences Understand that an action that is in progress can usually be expressed as an ing verb Write legibly using cursive or joined italics Understand that some words are tricky and can be used incorrectly Essential ELA Skills Alignment – Standards for Language Content Source: Tulare County Office of Education– Format Design: OASIS, LLC Grade: Fifth Grade: Sixth Grade: Seventh Language Standard: L.5.1 Language Standard: L.6.1 Language Standard: L.7.1 Demonstrate command of the conventions of Demonstrate command of the conventions of Demonstrate command of the conventions of Standard English grammar and usage when writing or standard English grammar and usage when writing or standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. speaking. speaking. a. Explain the function of conjunctions, prea. Ensure that pronouns are in the proper case a. Explain the function of phrases and clauses in positions, and interjections in general and their (subjective, objective, possessive). general and their functions in specific sentences. function in particular sentences. b. Use all pronouns, including (e.g. myself, our – b. Chose among simple, compound, complex, and b. Form and use the perfect (e.g., I had walked; I selves) intensive pronouns compound-complex sentences to signal differing have walked; I will have walked) verb tenses. c. Recognize and correct inappropriate shifts in relationships among ideas. c. Use verb tense to convey various times, correctly. pronoun number and person. c. Place phrases and clauses within a sentence, sequences, states, and conditions. d. Recognize and correct vague pronouns (i.e., ones recognizing and correcting misplaced and d. Recognize and correct inappropriate shifts in with unclear or ambiguous antecedents). dangling modifiers. verb tense. e. Recognize variations from standard English in e. Use correlative conjunctions (e.g., either/or, their own and others’ writing and speaking, and neither/nor). identify and use strategies to improve expression in conventional language. L.5.1 Essential Skills and Concepts: L.6.1 Essential Skills and Concepts: L.7.1 Essential Skills and Concepts: Explain the function of conjunctions, preKnow and correctly use all parts of speech (noun, Know and correctly use all parts of speech (noun, positions, and interjections pronoun, verb, adverb, adjective, etc.) pronoun, verb, adverb, adjective, etc.) Use the appropriate verb tenses Understand and correctly use pronouns, Identify and correctly use phrases and clauses Know that verb tenses convey a sense of time (subjective, objective, possessive; singular, plural; Identify and correctly use simple sentences and states of being first, second and third person pronouns; Identify and correctly use compound Monitor the use of verb tenses and correct when antecedent, indefinite and intensive pronouns) sentences necessary Recognize variations from standard English Identify and correctly use complex sentences Correctly use either/or, neither/nor, etc Identify and correctly use compound-complex sentences Identify and correctly use (place) modifiers Recognize variations from standard English Essential ELA Skills Alignment – Standards for Language Content Source: Tulare County Office of Education – Format Design: OASIS, LLC Grade: Eighth Grade: Ninth and Tenth Grade: Eleventh and Twelfth Language Standard: L.8.1 Language Standard: L.9-10.1 Language Standard: L.11.12.1 Demonstrate command of the conventions of Demonstrate command of the conventions of Demonstrate command of the conventions of Standard English grammar and usage when writing or Standard English grammar and usage when writing or standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. speaking. speaking. a. Explain the function of verbal’s (gerunds, a. Use parallel structure. a. Apply the understanding that usage is a matter of participles, infinitives) in general and their b. Use various types of phrases (noun, verb, convention, can change over time, and is function in particular sentences. adjectival, adverbial, participial, prepositional, sometimes contested. b. Form and use verbs in the active and passive absolute) and clauses (independent, dependent; b. Resolve issues of complex or contested usage, voice. noun, relative, adverbial) to convey specific consulting references (e.g., Merriam-Webster’s c. Form and use verbs in the indicative, imperative, meanings and add variety and interest to writing Dictionary of English Usage, Garner’s Modern interrogative, conditional, and subjunctive mood. or presentations. American Usage) as needed. d. Recognize and correct inappropriate shifts in verb voice and mood. L.8.1 Essential Skills and Concepts: L.9-10.1 Essential Skills and Concepts: L.11.12.1 Essential Skills and Concepts: Understand and correctly use all parts of speech Understand concepts of parallelism ( i.e.; repeatDemonstrate a command of English grammar and Understand the use of gerunds, participles, and ed grammatical patterns, types of phrases, and diction infinitives types of clauses) Understand the difference between formal and Understand the difference between various Understand the differences between a phrase informal register pronouns, (subject, object, possessive, singular, and a clause Use reference materials to resolve usage plural; first, second, and third person pronouns; Identify and use various types of phrases questions antecedent and indefinite pronouns) Identify and use various types of clauses Understand and correctly use verbs in the Know sentence variety patterns indicative, imperative, interrogative, conditional Understand how sentence variety (use of clauses and subjunctive mood. and phrases) affects meaning and interest Have a command of conventions when writing and/or speaking Use modifiers clearly and correctly Essential ELA Skills Alignment – Standards for Language Content Source: Tulare County Office of Education– Format Design: OASIS, LLC Grade: Kindergarten Grade: First Grade: Second Language Standard: L.K.2 Language Standard: L.1.2 Language Standard: L.2.2 Demonstrate command of the conventions of Demonstrate command of the conventions of Demonstrate command of the conventions of Standard English capitalization, punctuation, and Standard English capitalization, punctuation, and Standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing. spelling when writing. spelling when writing. a. Capitalize the first word in a sentence and the a. Capitalize dates and names of people. a. Capitalize holidays, product names, and pronoun I. b. Use end punctuation for sentences. geographic names. b. Recognize and name end punctuation. c. Use commas in dates and to separate single b. Use commas in greetings and closings of letters. c. Write a letter or letters for most consonant and words in a series. c. Use an apostrophe to form contractions and short-vowel sounds (phonemes). d. Use conventional spelling for words with frequently occurring possessives. d. Spell simple words phonetically, drawing on common spelling patterns and for frequently d. Generalize learned spelling patterns when knowledge of sound letter relationships. occurring irregular words. writing words (e.g., cage → badge; boy → boil). e. Spell untaught words phonetically, drawing on e. Consult reference materials, including phonemic awareness and spelling conventions. beginning dictionaries, as needed to check and correct spellings. L.K.2 Essential Skills and Concepts: L.1.2 Essential Skills and Concepts: L.2.2 Essential Skills and Concepts: Use phonetic spelling when writing Identify period, question mark, and exclamation Know the names of holidays that must be Name the period, question mark, and mark capitalized exclamation point Know when to use a period, question mark, and Understand that product names are words like Know when to use a period, question mark or exclamation mark Nike, Xerox, Hershey, etc. exclamation point in writing Know that the first word in a sentences, proper Know that names of countries, cities, states, Know and write a sentence names, days of the week and months are lakes, and mountains are capitalized Know that a sentence begins with a capital capitalized Understand how to use commas in greetings letter Know that a comma separates the date from the and closings of letters Know that a sentence needs some type of year Understand that in a contraction, an apostrophe ending punctuation Understand letter patterns and their sounds replaces missing letters Understand the relationship between a letter Use spelling patterns, word roots, affixes, and the sounds it makes and syllable construction Be able to retrieve the appropriate letter when Use dictionaries, or digital media, to look for the they identify the sound correct spelling of a word Be able to form the appropriate letter to represent the sound(s) they hear Essential ELA Skills Alignment – Standards for Language Content Source: Tulare County Office of Education – Format Design: OASIS, LLC Grade: Third Grade: Fourth Grade: Fifth Language Standard: L.3.2 Standards for Language: L.4.2 Language Standard: L.5.2 Demonstrate command of the conventions of Demonstrate command of the conventions of Observe conventions of capitalization, punctuation, Standard English capitalization, punctuation, and Standard English capitalization, punctuation, and and spelling. spelling when writing. spelling when writing. a. Use punctuation to separate items in a series. a. Capitalize appropriate words in titles. a. Use correct capitalization. b. Use a comma to separate an introductory b. Use commas in addresses. b. Use commas and quotation marks to mark direct element from the rest of the sentence. c. Use commas and quotation marks in dialogue. speech and quotations from a text. c. Use a comma to set off the words yes and no d. Form and use possessives. c. Use a comma before a coordinating conjunction (e.g., Yes, thank you.), to set off a tag question e. Use conventional spelling for high frequency and in a compound sentence. from the rest of the sentence (e.g., It’s true, isn’t other studied words and for adding suffixes to d. Spell grade-appropriate words correctly, it?), and to indicate direct address (e.g., Is that base words (e.g., sitting, smiled, cries, happiness). consulting references as needed. you, Steve?). f. Use spelling patterns and generalizations (e.g., d. Use underlining, quotation marks, or italics to word families, position-based spellings, syllable indicate titles of works. patterns, ending rules, meaningful word parts) in e. Spell grade-appropriate words correctly, writing words. consulting references as needed. g. Consult reference materials, including beginning dictionaries, as needed to check and correct spellings. L.3.2 Essential Skills and Concepts: Understand the use of quotation marks to denote that someone is speaking or quoting from the text Understand the use of commas in dialogue Identify complete sentences and independent clauses Understand the use of capital letters at the beginning of a sentence, titles, and proper names Use spelling patterns, word roots, affixes, syllable construction Use dictionaries or digital media to look for the correct spelling of a word L.4.2 Essential Skills and Concepts: Capitalize words at the beginning of a sentence, titles and proper names Understand the use of quotation marks to denote that someone is speaking Understand the use of quotation marks when quoting from a text Identify independent clauses Understand the use of the comma in dialogue Use spelling patterns, word roots, affixes, syllable construction to help spell words correctly Understand how to use generalizations and analogies when spelling Use dictionaries, or digital media, to look for the correct spelling of a word L.5.2 Essential Skills and Concepts: Know the different uses for the comma including, separating items in a series Know which, of several ways, is the correct one for indicating titles of works Spell grade level words correctl Essential ELA Skills Alignment – Standards for Language Content Source: Tulare County Office of Education– Format Design: OASIS, LLC Grade: Fifth Grade: Sixth Grade: Seventh Language Standard: L.5.2 Language Standard: L.6.2 Language Standard: L.7.2 Observe conventions of capitalization, punctuation, Demonstrate command of the conventions of Demonstrate command of the conventions of and spelling. standard English capitalization, punctuation, and standard English capitalization, punctuation, and a. Use punctuation to separate items in a series. spelling when writing. spelling when writing. b. Use a comma to separate an introductory a. Use punctuation (commas, parentheses, dashes) a. Use a comma to separate coordinate adjectives element from the rest of the sentence. to set off nonrestrictive /parenthetical elements. (e.g., It was a fascinating, enjoyable movie but c. Use a comma to set off the words yes and no b. Spell correctly. not He wore an old [,] green shirt). (e.g., Yes, thank you.), to set off a tag question b. Spell correctly from the rest of the sentence (e.g., It’s true, isn’t it?), and to indicate direct address (e.g., Is that you, Steve?). d. Use underlining, quotation marks, or italics to indicate titles of works. e. Spell grade-appropriate words correctly, consulting references as needed. L.5.2 Essential Skills and Concepts: L.6.2 Essential Skills and Concepts: L.7.2 Essential Skills and Concepts: Know the different uses for the comma inUse commas, dashes, and/or parentheses Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives cluding, separating items in a series Understand and punctuate nonrestrictive/ Punctuate correctly Know which, of several ways, is the correct one parenthetical elements Spell correctly for indicating titles of works Spell correctly Spell grade level words correctly Grade: Eighth Language Standard: L.8.2 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing. a. Use punctuation (comma, ellipsis, dash) to indicate a pause or break. b. Use an ellipsis to indicate an omission. c. Spell correctly. Grade: Ninth and Tenth Language Standard: L.9-10.2 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing. a. Use a semicolon (and perhaps a conjunctive adverb) to link two or more closely related independent clauses. b. Use a colon to introduce a list or quotation. c. Spell correctly. Grade: Eleventh and Twelfth Language Standard: L.11.12.2 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing. a. Observe hyphenation conventions. b. Spell correctly. L.8.2 Essential Skills and Concepts: Understand the use of proper English conventions for a brief pause in a sentence (comma, ellipsis, and dash) Understand that ellipsis indicates an omission Understand that a dash signals an abrupt pause Understand that a comma indicates a brief pause Understand homophones L.9-10.2 Essential Skills and Concepts: Understand and correctly use standard English conventions Correctly use semicolons Correctly use colons Understand and correctly use/punctuate multiple independent clauses Identify and use conjunctive adverb (i.e. consequently, therefore, however, nevertheless, meanwhile, in the meantime, furthermore, moreover, for example, for instance) Know standard English spelling conventions L.11.12 Essential Skills and Concepts: Understand and correctly use English conventions Understand when to use hyphenation Know the resources available with information on when to use hyphenation Know spelling conventions of standard English Grade: Kindergarten Language Standard L 1.3 not applicable to kindergarten Essential ELA Skills Alignment – Standards for Language Content Source: Tulare County Office of Education– Format Design: OASIS, LLC Grade: First Grade: Second Language Standard L 1.3 Language Standard: L.2.3 not applicable to first grade Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening. a. Compare formal and informal uses of English. L.2.3 Essential Skills and Concepts: Understand basic punctuation rules Understand basic capitalization rules Understand basic grammar rules Recognize that words have differences, or shades of meaning Know that punctuation, like commas, exclamations, and question marks, can be used for effect Distinguish between situations that call for formal English and those where informal English is appropriate Grade: Third Language Standard: L.3.3 Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening. a. Choose words and phrases for effect. b. Recognize and observe differences between the conventions of spoken and written standard English. L.3.3 Essential Skills and Concepts: Understand basic punctuation rules Understand basic capitalization rules Understand basic grammar rules Recognize that words have differences or shades of meaning Know that punctuation like commas, exclamation, and question marks, can be used for effect Distinguish between situations that call for formal English and those where informal English is appropriate Grade: Fourth Language Standard: L.4.3 Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening. a. Choose words and phrases to convey ideas precisely. b. Choose punctuation for effect. c. Differentiate between contexts that call for formal English (e.g., presenting ideas) and situations where informal discourse is appropriate (e.g., small group discussion). L.4.3 Essential Skills and Concepts: Know punctuation rules Know capitalization rules Know basic grammar rules Know that discourse refers to speech or writing that extends beyond a sentence. Recognize that words have differences or shades of meaning Use a thesaurus to find precise language to include when writing or speaking Know that punctuation, like commas, e exclamation and question marks, can be used for effect Distinguish between situations that call for formal English and those where informal English is appropriate Grade: Fifth Language Standard: L.5.3 Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening. a. Expand, combine, and reduce sentences for meaning, reader/listener interest, and style. b. Compare and contrast the varieties of English (e.g., dialects, registers) used in stories, dramas, or poems. L.5.3 Essential Skills and Concepts: Know how to use different types of sentences in order to make a story more interesting to read Understand how to expand, combine, or reduce sentences for meaning Recognize dialects and registers when reading or listening Know that dialects and registers are often used by authors for effect Essential ELA Skills Alignment – Standards for Language Content Source: Tulare County Office of Education– Format Design: OASIS, LLC Grade: Fifth Grade: Sixth Grade: Seventh Language Standard: L.5.3 Language Standard: L.6.3 Language Standard: L.7.3 Use knowledge of language and its conventions when Use knowledge of language and its conventions when Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening. writing, speaking, reading, or listening. writing, speaking, reading, or listening. a. Expand, combine, and reduce sentences for a. Vary sentence patterns for meaning, reader/ a. Chose language that expresses ideas precisely meaning, reader/listener interest, and style. listener interest, and style. and concisely, recognizing and eliminating b. Compare and contrast the varieties of English b. Maintain consistency in style and tone. wordiness and redundancy. (e.g., dialects, registers) used in stories, dramas, or poems. L.5.3 Essential Skills and Concepts: L.6.3 Essential Skills and Concepts: L.7.3 Essential Skills and Concepts: Know how to use different types of sentences in Recognize and use a variety of sentence patterns Recognize and use a variety of sentence order to make a story more interesting to read Identify and use appropriate language to address patterns Understand how to expand, combine, or reduce audience Identify and use appropriate language to sentences for meaning Recognize and employ consistent style address audience Recognize dialects and registers when reading or Recognize and employ consistent tone Express ideas precisely and concisely listening Know that dialects and registers are often used by authors for effect Grade: Eighth Language Standard: L.8.3 Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening. a. Use verbs in the active and passive voice and in the conditional and subjunctive mood to achieve particular effects (e.g., emphasizing the actor or the action; expressing uncertainty or describing a state contrary to fact). L.8.3 Essential Skills and Concepts: Understand active and passive voice Understand conditional and subjunctive moods Grade: Ninth and Tenth Language Standard: L.9-10.3 Apply knowledge of language to understand how language functions in different contexts, to make effective choices for meaning or style, and to comprehend more fully when reading or listening. a. Write and edit work so it conforms to the guidelines in a style manual (e.g., MLA Handbook, Turabian’s Manual for Writers) appropriate for the discipline and writing type. L.9-10.3 Essential Skills and Concepts: Identify the context and the appropriate language choice Identify and have knowledge of various style guidelines Consult reference materials (style manuals) for guidelines appropriate to the discipline Know standard English grammar, punctuation, and capitalization Know standard format for citing reference sources in a bibliography or works cited page Grade: Eleventh and Twelfth Language Standard: L.11.12.3 Apply knowledge of language to understand how language functions in different contexts, to make effective choices for meaning or style, and to comprehend more fully when reading or listening. a. Vary syntax for effect, consulting references (e.g., Tufte’s Artful Sentences) for guidance as needed; apply an understanding of syntax to the study of complex texts when reading. L.11.12.3 Essential Skills and Concepts: Identify the context and the appropriate language choice Understand how syntax creates and conveys meaning Apply knowledge of syntax to study of complex texts Consult reference materials for syntax guidance Grade: Kindergarten Essential ELA Skills Alignment – Standards for Language Content Source: Tulare County Office of Education– Format Design: OASIS, LLC Grade: First Grade: Second Language Standard: L.K.4 Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on kindergarten reading and content. a. Identify new meanings for familiar words and apply them accurately (e.g., knowing duck is a bird and learning the verb to duck) b. Use the most frequently occurring inflections and affixes (e.g., -ed, -s, re-, un-, pre-, -ful, less) as a clue to the meaning of an unknown word Language Standard: L.1.4 Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 1 reading and content, choosing flexibly from an array of strategies. a. Use sentence-level content as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase b. Use frequently occurring affixes as a clue to the meaning of a work c. Identify frequently occurring root words (e.g., look) and their inflectional forms (e.g., looks, looked, looking). L.K.4 Essential Skills and Concepts: Recognize that a word is unknown Know many common and familiar words Know that some words have other meanings Use context and/or pictures to help determine a new meaning for a known word Know that parts can be added to a word to change its meaning Use the familiar and new meanings correctly L.1.4 Essential Skills and Concepts: Understand and know many common words Understand that some words have other meanings Use context and/or pictures to help determine a new meaning for a known word Know and understand affixes Language Standard: L.2.4 Determine or clarify the meaning or unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 2 reading and content, choosing flexibly from an array of strategies. a. Use sentence-level context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase b. Determine the meaning of the new word formed when a known prefix is added to a known word (e.g., happy/unhappy, tell/retell) c. Use a know root word as a clue to the meaning of an unknown word with the same root (e.g., addition, additional) d. Use knowledge of the meaning of individual words to predict the meaning of compound words (e.g., birdhouse, lighthouse, housefly, bookshelf, notebook, bookmark) e. Use glossaries and beginning dictionaries, both print and digital, to determine or clarify the meaning of words and phrases in all content areas L.2.4 Essential Skills and Concepts: Understand context clues help provide clues to word or phrase meaning Identify the most common prefixes and roots Know how to use a textbook glossary Use a print or digital dictionary to locate definitions of key words or phrases Understand that sometimes two words can be combined to make a new word Essential ELA Skills Alignment – Standards for Language Content Source: Tulare County Office of Education– Format Design: OASIS, LLC Grade: Third Grade: Fourth Grade: Fifth Language Standard: L.3.4 Language Standard: L.4.4 Language Standard: L.5.4 Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade multiple-meaning words and phrases based on 3 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range 4 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range grade 5 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a of strategies. of strategies. range of strategies. a. Use sentence-level context as a clue to the a. Use context (e.g., definitions, examples, or a. Use context (e.g., cause/effect relationships and meaning of a word or phrase restatements in text) as a clue to the meaning comparisons in text) as a clue to the meaning of a b. Determine the meaning of the new word formed of a word or phrase word or phrase. when a known affix is added to a know word b. Use common, grade-appropriate Greek and b. Use common, grade-appropriate Greek and (e.g., agreeable/disagreeable, Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning comfortable/uncomfortable, care/careless, of a word (e.g., telegraph, photograph, of a word (e.g., photograph, photosynthesis). hear/preheat) autograph) c. Consult reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, c. Use a know root word as a clue to the c. Consult reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to meaning of an unknown word with the same glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation and determine or clarify root (company, companion) find the pronunciation and determine or clarify the precise meaning of key words and phrases d. Use glossaries or beginning dictionaries, both the precise meaning of key words and phrases and to identify alternate word choices in all print and digital, to determine or clarify the and to identify alternate word choices in all content areas. precise meaning of key words and phrases content areas in all content areas L.3.4 Essential Skills and Concepts: L.4.4 Essential Skills and Concepts: L.5.4 Essential Skills and Concepts: Understand context clues help provide clues to Have strategies for solving unknown words Use strategies for solving unknown words word or phrase meaning Understand that the context may provide clues including: Identify the most common Greek and Latin to help determine the meaning of a word or o Using the roots and affixes affixes and roots phrase o Using the context Know how to use a textbook glossary Identify the most common Greek and Latin o Using digital and print reference materials Access reference materials to help determine the affixes and roots Interpret figurative language precise meaning of key words Use common Greek and Latin affixes and roots Understand and explain the meaning of Use a print or digital dictionary to locate to solve unknown words common idioms, adages, and proverb definitions of key words or phrases Use a pronunciation guide in a dictionary to help Be able to use context clues to interpret the Identify alternate word choices using print or read unknown words meaning of a word digital thesauruses or dictionary Know how to use a textbook glossary From several alternatives, choose the Access reference materials, including digital, to appropriate alternate word help determine the precise meaning of key Identify words that are used in multiple ways in words different content areas Use a print or digital dictionary to locate definitions of key words and phrases Identify alternate word choices using print or digital thesauruses or dictionaries Essential ELA Skills Alignment – Standards for Language Content Source: Tulare County Office of Education– Format Design: OASIS, LLC Grade: Fifth Grade: Sixth Grade: Seventh Language Standard: L.5.4 Language Standard: L.6.4 Language Standard: L.7.4 Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 5 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range 6 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range 7 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies. of strategies. of strategies. a. Use context (e.g., cause/effect relationships and a. Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a a. Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a comparisons in text) as a clue to the meaning of a sentence or paragraph; a word’s position or sentence or paragraph; a word’s position or word or phrase. function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning b. Use common, grade-appropriate Greek and of a word or phrase. of a word or phrase. Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning b. Use common, grade-appropriate Greek or b. Use common, grade-appropriate Greek or of a word (e.g., photograph, photosynthesis). Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning c. Consult reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, of a word (e.g., audience, auditory, audible). of a word (e.g., audience, auditory, audible). glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to c. Consult reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, c. Consult reference materials (e.g., find the pronunciation and determine or clarify glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both the precise meaning of key words and phrases find the pronunciation of a word or determine or print and digital, to find the pronunciation of and to identify alternate word choices in all clarify its precise meaning or its part of speech. a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning content areas. d. Verify the preliminary determination of the or its part of speech or trace the etymology of meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking words. the inferred meaning in context or in a d. Verify the preliminary determination of the dictionary). meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or in a dictionary) L.5.4 Essential Skills and Concepts: Use strategies for solving unknown words including: o Using the roots and affixes o Using the context o Using digital and print reference materials Interpret figurative language Understand and explain the meaning of common idioms, adages, and proverb Be able to use context clues to interpret the meaning of a word From several alternatives, choose the appropriate alternate word Identify words that are used in multiple ways in different content areas L.6.4 Essential Skills and Concepts: Use context clues to derive word meaning Use Greek and Latin affixes and roots to derive word meaning Use reference materials to derive word meanings Use reference materials to determine correct pronunciation of words Verify word meaning L.7.4 Essential Skills and Concepts: Use context clues to derive word meaning Use Greek and Latin affixes and roots to derive word meaning Use reference materials to derive word meanings Use reference materials to determine correct pronunciation of words Trace the etymology of words Verify word meaning Essential ELA Skills Alignment – Standards for Language Content Source: Tulare County Office of Education– Format Design: OASIS, LLC Grade: Eighth Grade: Ninth and Tenth Grade: Eleventh and Twelfth Language Standard: L.8.4 Language Standard: L.9-10.4 Language Standard: L.11-12.4 Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning of words or phrases based on grade multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grades multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grades 8 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range 9-10 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a 11-12 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a of strategies. range of strategies. range of strategies. a. Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a a. Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a a. Use context (e.g., overall meaning of a sentence or paragraph; a word’s position or sentence, paragraph, or text; a word’s position or sentence, paragraph, or text; a word’s position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning function in a sentence) as clue to the meaning of function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase. a word or phrase. of a word or phrase. b. Use common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin b. Identify and correctly use patterns of word b. Identify and correctly use patterns of word affixes and roots a clues to the meaning of a word changes that indicate different meanings or changes that indicate different meanings or (e.g., precede, recede, secede). parts of speech (e.g., analyze, analysis, parts of speech (e.g., conceive, conception, c. Consult general and specialized reference analytical; advocate, advocacy) and continue conceivable). materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, to apply knowledge of Greek and Latin roots c. Consult general and specialized reference thesauruses), both print and digital, to find and affixes materials (e.g., Apply knowledge of Greek, the pronunciation of a word or determine or c. Consult general and specialized reference Latin, and Anglo-Saxon roots and affixes to clarify its precise meaning or its part of speech or materials (e.g., college-level dictionaries, draw inferences concerning the meaning of trace the etymology of words. rhyming dictionaries, bilingual dictionaries, scientific and mathematical terminology. d. Verify the preliminary determination of the glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, college-level dictionaries, rhyming dictionaries, meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking to find the pronunciation of a word or determine bilingual dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), the inferred meaning in context or in a or clarify its precise meaning, its part of speech, both print and digital, to find the pronunciation dictionary) or its etymology. of a word or determine or clarify its precise d. Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning, its part of speech, its etymology, or its meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking standard usage. the inferred meaning in context or in a d. Verify the preliminary determination of the dictionary) meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or in a dictionary). L.8.4 Essential Skills and Concepts: L.9-10.4 Essential Skills and Concepts: L.11-12.4 Essential Skills and Concepts: Understand textual clues in a sentence Use context clues to derive word meaning Use context clues to derive word meaning (similar, opposite, explanation) Use Greek and Latin affixes and roots to derive Use Greek and Latin affixes and roots to Understand Greek and Latin affix and roots are word meaning derive word meaning clues to meaning Use reference materials to derive word meanings Identify word families and parts of speech Understand how to use specialized reference Use reference materials to determine correct Use reference materials to derive word materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, pronunciation of words meanings thesauruses) both print and digital Trace the etymology of words Use reference materials to determine Understand context clues for word meaning Verify word meaning Correct pronunciation of words Trace the etymology of words Verify word meaning Essential ELA Skills Alignment – Standards for Language Content Source: Tulare County Office of Education– Format Design: OASIS, LLC Grade: Kindergarten Grade: First Grade: Second Language Standard: L.K.5 Language Standard: L.1.5 Language Standard: L.2.5 With guidance and support from adults, explore word With guidance and support from adults, demonstrate Demonstrate understanding of word relationships and relationships and nuances in word meaning. understanding of word relationships and nuances in nuances in word meanings. a. Sort common objects into categories (e.g., word meanings. a. Identify real-life connections between words and shapes, foods) to gain a sense of the concepts the a. Sort words into categories (e.g., colors, clothing) their use (e.g., describe foods that are spicy or categories represent. to gain a sense of the concepts the categories juicy). b. Demonstrate understanding of frequently represent. b. Distinguish shades of meaning among closely occurring verse and adjectives by relating them b. Define words by category and by one or more related verbs (e.g., toss, throw, hurl) and closely to their opposites (antonyms). key attributes (e.g., a duck is a bird that swims; a related adjectives (e.g., thin, slender, skinny, c. Identify real-life connections between words and tiger is a large cat with stripes). scrawny). their use (e.g., note places at school that are c. Identify real-life connections between words and colorful). their use (e.g., note places at home that are d. Distinguish shades of meaning among verbs cozy). describing the same general action (e.g., walk, d. Distinguish shades of meaning among verbs march, strut, prance) by acting out the meanings differing in manner (e.g., look, peek, glance, stare, glare, scowl) and adjectives differing in intensity (e.g., large, gigantic) by defining or choosing them or by acting out the meanings. L.K.5 Essential Skills and Concepts: L.1.5 Essential Skills and Concepts: L.2.5 Essential Skills and Concepts: Group objects by colors, sizes, shape Understand parts of speech Understand literal and non-literal meanings Sort given objects into groups Distinguish between nouns, verbs, adjectives Understand that words have shades or degrees Sort pictures into categories and label the Understand synonyms and antonyms of meaning categories Understand shades of meaning for appropriate Understand the connections between words Understand what an opposite is usage and their use Distinguish written messages Understand the relationship between groups of Understand shades of meaning, as it relates to Know and use basic verbs words state of mind, or degrees of certainty Sort words into categories Essential ELA Skills Alignment – Standards for Language Content Source: Tulare County Office of Education– Format Design: OASIS, LLC Grade: Third Grade: Fourth Grade: Fifth Language Standard: L.3.5 Language Standard: L.4.5 Language Standard: L.5.5 Demonstrate understanding of word relationships and Demonstrate understanding of figurative Language Demonstrate understanding of figurative Language nuances in word meanings. Standard, word relationships, and nuances in word Standard, word relationships, and nuances in word a. Distinguish the literal and non-literal meanings of meanings. meanings. words and phrases in context (e.g., take steps). a. Explain the meaning of simple similes and a. Interpret figurative Language Standard, including b. Identify real-life connections between words and metaphors (e.g., as pretty as a picture) in context. similes and metaphors, in context. their use (e.g., describe people who are friendly b. Recognize and explain the meaning of common b. Recognize and explain the meaning of common or helpful). idioms, adages, and proverbs. idioms, adages, and proverbs. c. Distinguish shades of meaning among related c. Demonstrate understanding of words by relating c. Use the relationship between particular words words that describe states of mind or degrees of them to their opposites (antonyms) and to words (e.g., synonyms, antonyms, homographs) to certainty (e.g., knew, believed, suspected, heard, with similar but not identical meanings better understand each of the words. wondered). (synonyms). L.3.5 Essential Skills and Concepts: L.4.5 Essential Skills and Concepts: L.5.5 Essential Skills and Concepts: Understand that words have literal and nonKnow the literal meaning of words Understand what figurative Language Standard is literal meanings Identify if a word has an antonym or synonym and be able to recognize it in text (similes, Understand the connections between words and Know that words have various levels of meaning, metaphors, personification, idioms) their use including literal or figurative Be able to recognize words that are synonyms, Understand shades of meaning as it relates to Understand that an adage is a traditional saying antonyms, or homographs state of mind or degrees of certainty Recognize common idioms, adages and proverbs Grade: Fifth Grade: Sixth Grade: Seventh Language Standard: L.5.5 Language Standard: L.6.5 Language Standard: L.7.5 Demonstrate understanding of figurative Language Demonstrate understanding of figurative Language Demonstrate understanding of figurative Language Standard, word relationships, and nuances in word Standard, word relationships, and nuances in word Standard, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings. meanings. meanings. a. Interpret figurative Language Standard, including a. Interpret figures of speech (e.g., personification) a. Interpret figures of speech (e.g., literary, biblical, similes in context. and mythological allusions) in context. and metaphors, in context. b. Use the relationship between particular words b. Use the relationship between particular words b. Recognize and explain the meaning of common (e.g., cause/ effect, part/ whole, item/ category) (e.g., synonym / antonym, analogy) to better idioms, adages, and proverbs. to better understand each of the words. understand each of the words. c. Use the relationship between particular words c. Distinguish among the connotations c. Distinguish among the connotations associations) of words with similar denotations (definitions) (e.g., (e.g., synonyms, antonyms, homographs) to (associations) of words with similar denotations refined, respectful, polite, diplomatic, condescending). better understand each of the words. (definitions) (e.g., stingy, scrimping, economical, unwasteful, thrifty). L.5.5 Essential Skills and Concepts: L.6.5 Essential Skills and Concepts: L.7.5 Essential Skills and Concepts: Understand what figurative Language Standard is Interpret figurative Language Standard Interpret figurative Language Standard and be able to recognize it in text (similes, Utilize word relationships to clarify meaning Interpret literary, biblical and mythological metaphors, personification, idioms) Identify the explicit/direct meaning of a word allusions Be able to recognize words that are synonyms, (denotation) Utilize word relationships to clarify meaning antonyms, or homographs Identify the explicit/direct meaning of a word Recognize common idioms, adages and proverbs Essential ELA Skills Alignment – Standards for Language Content Source: Tulare County Office of Education– Format Design: OASIS, LLC Grade: Eighth Grade: Ninth and Tenth Grade: Eleventh and Twelfth Language Standard: L.8.5 Language Standard: L.9-10.5 Language Standard: L.11-12.5 Demonstrate understanding of figurative Language Demonstrate understanding of figurative Language Demonstrate understanding of figurative Language Standard, word relationships, and nuances in word Standard, word relationships, and nuances in word Standard, meanings. meanings. word relationships, and nuances in word meanings. a. Interpret figures of speech (e.g., verbal irony, a. Interpret figures of speech (e.g., euphemism, a. Interpret figures of speech (e.g., hyperbole, puns) in context. oxymoron) in context and analyze their role in paradox) in context and analyze their role in the b. Use the relationship between particular words to the text. text. better understand each of the words. b. Analyze nuances in the meaning of words with b. Analyze nuances in the meaning of words with c. Distinguish among the connotations associations) similar denotations. similar denotations. of words with similar denotations (definitions) (e.g., bullheaded, willful, firm, persistent, resolute.) L.8.5 Essential Skills and Concepts: L.9-10.5 Essential Skills and Concepts: L.11-12.5 Essential Skills and Concepts: Understand figurative Language Standard ( Understand figurative Language Standard ( Understand figurative Language Standard ( simile, metaphor personification, pun, irony) simile, metaphor personification, euphemism, simile, metaphor personification, hyperbole, Understand the use of analogies ( synonyms, oxymoron) paradox) antonyms, cause/effect, part/whole, item/ Understand denotation and connotations Understand denotation and connotations category, item/use/item/place) Essential ELA Skills Alignment – Standards for Language Content Source: Tulare County Office of Education– Format Design: OASIS, LLC Grade: Kindergarten Grade: First Grade: Second Language Standard: L.K.6 Language Standard: L.1.6 Language Standard: L.2.6 Use words and phrases acquired through Use words and phrases acquired through Use words and phrases acquired through conversations, reading and being read to, and conversations, reading and being read to, and conversations, reading and being read to, and responding to texts. responding to texts, including using frequently responding to texts, including using adjectives and occurring conjunctions to signal simple relationships adverbs to describe (e.g., When other kids are happy, (e.g., because). that makes me happy). L.K.6 Essential Skills and Concepts: L.1.6 Essential Skills and Concepts: L.2.6 Essential Skills and Concepts: Know how to sustain a conversation Understand the importance of sequence in rePractice opportunities to hear words used in Know the rules of speaking with others telling what you have read different contexts Talking about ideas or events in a story Retell the most important events, and then add Acquire and use words that are basic to underResponding to ideas they have heard or read details standing a concept about Understand cause and effect events Determine which word best describes an action, Respond in sentences or phrases Ask questions of difficult events emotion, or state of being Use new vocabulary in conversations about Discuss with partner the events in the story and Develop an amount of grade level academic what you have learned or read how the problem was solved. words and phrases After hearing or reading a word in context, begin to use it in the spoken and written language Grade: Third Language Standard: L.3.6 Acquire and use accurately grade appropriate conversational, general academic, and domain specific words and phrases, including those that signal spatial and temporal relationships (e.g., After dinner that night we went looking for them). L.3.6 Essential Skills and Concepts: Understand that words have shades of meaning Acquire and use words that are basic to understanding a concept Determine which word best describes an action, emotion, or state of being Develop an amount of grade level academic words and phrases Grade: Fourth Language Standard: L.4.6 Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, including those that signal precise actions, emotions, or states of being (e.g., quizzed, whined, stammered) and that are basic to a particular topic (e.g., wildlife, conservation, and endangered when discussing animal preservation). L.4.6 Essential Skills and Concepts: Develop a corpus of grade level academic words and phrases Determine which word best describes an action, emotion or state of being Understand that words have nuances and various shades of meaning Acquire and use words that are basic to understanding a concept Grade: Fifth Language Standard: L.5.6 Acquire and use accurately grade appropriate general academic and domain specific words and phrases, including those that signal contrast, addition, and other logical relationships (e.g., however, although, nevertheless, similarly, moreover, in addition). L.5.6 Essential Skills and Concepts: Understand that academic words are found in a variety of school subjects: (analyze, determine, summarize, determine, recognize) Understand content specific words: (constitution, immigration, legislature, natural resources) Read a wide variety of text, both print and digital media Participate in collaborative discussions Write for a variety of purposes and in different genres Essential ELA Skills Alignment – Standards for Language Content Source: Tulare County Office of Education– Format Design: OASIS, LLC Grade: Fifth Grade: Sixth Grade: Seventh Language Standard: L.5.6 Language Standard: L.6.6 Language Standard: L.7.6 Acquire and use accurately grade appropriate general Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general academic and domain specific words and phrases, academic and domain-specific words and phrases; academic and domain-specific words and phrases; including those that signal contrast, addition, and gather vocabulary knowledge when considering a gather vocabulary knowledge when considering a other logical relationships (e.g., however, although, word or phrase important to comprehension or word or phrase important to comprehension or nevertheless, similarly, moreover, in addition). expression. expression. L.5.6 Essential Skills and Concepts: L.6.6 Essential Skills and Concepts: L.7.6 Essential Skills and Concepts: Understand that academic words are found in a Identify, understand, and use general academic Identify, understand, and use general academic variety of school subjects: (analyze, determine, terms terms summarize, determine, recognize) Identify, understand, and use domain-specific Identify, understand, and use domain-specific Understand content specific words: terms terms (constitution, immigration, legislature, natural Independently build vocabulary Independently build vocabulary resources) Read a wide variety of text, both print and digital media Participate in collaborative discussions Write for a variety of purposes and in different genres Grade: Eighth Grade: Ninth and Tenth Grade: Eleventh and Twelfth Language Standard: L.8.6 Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases; gather vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression. L.8.6 Essential Skills and Concepts: Understand academic words (i.e. analyze, contrast, predict, and confirm) Understand domain-specific words (i.e. Sciencecell, gene, and gravity; Social Studies –alliance, legislature, and commerce.) Understand grade-appropriate vocabulary Language Standard: L.9-10.6 Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, sufficient for reading, writing, speaking, and listening at the college and career readiness level; demonstrate independence in gathering vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression. L.9-10.6 Essential Skills and Concepts: Identify, understand, and use general academic terms Identify, understand, and use domain-specific terms Independently build vocabulary Language Standard: L.11-12.6 Acquire and use accurately general academic and domainspecific words and phrases, sufficient for reading, writing, speaking, and listening at the college and career readiness level; demonstrate independence in gathering vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression. L.11-12.6 Essential Skills and Concepts: Identify, understand, and use general academic terms Identify, understand, and use domain-specific terms Independently build vocabulary