Download Key review unit 1

Buzbee Unit 1: gross anatomy 1
Unit 1: Gross anatomy of the chest Comprehensive Review
Name:
Date:
2009
1.
2.
correction: The sternum is:
a.
6-7 cm long
b.
18 cm long
c.
both
The sternal notch is located in the – of the sternum
a.
Superior aspect
b.
Manubrium
c.
Xiphoid process
d.
e.
a and b
a and c
3.
The angle of Louis is created by the junction of the
a.
Manubrium and the sternal notch
b.
The manubrium and the body of the sternum
c.
The manubrium and the xiphoid process
d.
The xiphoid process and the body of the sternum
4.
The xiphoid process is:
a.
located at the level of the 2nd thoracic vertebrae
b.
located at the level of the 10th thoracic vertebrae
c.
located at the middle of the sternum
5.
correction: The – pair of ribs attaches to the manubrium;
a.
First
d.
None of these attach to the
b.
Second and first
manubrium
c.
Third and fourth
6.
The other bone that attaches to the manubrium is the:
a.
Vertebral column
b.
Sternal notch
c.
The clavicle
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
d.
e.
The scapula
c and d
There are 7 --- vertebrae.
a.
Cervical
b.
Thoracic
c.
d.
Lumbar
Coccygeal
There are 12 – vertebrae and each attached to a rib
a.
Cervical
b.
Thoracic
c.
d.
Lumbar
Coccygeal
The parietal pleura attaches to:
a.
The surface of the thorax
b.
The surface of the lung
c.
Both
The visceral pleura attaches to:
a.
The surface of the thorax
b.
The surface of the lung
c.
Both
The function of the pleura is to:
a.
Provide lubrication for movement of the lungs
b.
Provide a sticky surface for the attachment of the lungs to the thorax
c.
a and b
d.
None of these
Buzbee Unit 1: gross anatomy 2
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
The visceral pleura contains:
a.
No pain receptors
b.
While the lung tends to ‘want to’ collapse, the rib cage tends to:
a.
Want to expand
c.
b.
Want to collapse
The mediastinum might correctly be called the:
a.
Retro-sternal area
Many pain receptors
None of these
b.
Abdominal area
c.
The thoracic vertebrae
The posterior border of the mediastinum is formed by the:
a.
The right and left lungs
c.
b.
The diaphragm
The thoracic vertebrae
Structures found in the mediastinum include:
a.
The stomach and esophagus
b.
The heart
c.
The great vessels of the heart
d.
e.
A, b and c
b and c only
The base of the lung:
a.
Wider than the apex
b.
Narrower than the apex
c.
Sits on the diaphragm
d.
e.
a and c
b and c
The lateral borders of the mediastinum are:
a.
The right and left lungs
b.
The diaphragm
19.
The apex of the lung:
a.
Extends up to about 1-2 cm above the clavicle
b.
Extends about 1-2 cm below the diaphragm
c.
Is also called the apical area
d.
a and c
e.
b and c
20.
The base of the lung sits on the diaphragm at the level of the---- in the anterior:
a.
first rib
c.
6th rib
b.
9-12th rib
d.
8th rib
21.
In the lateral aspect the base of the lung sits on the diaphragm at the level of the:
a.
first rib
c.
6th rib
b.
9-12th rib
d.
8th rib
22.
In the posterior aspect the base of the lung sits on the diaphragm at the level of the:
a.
first rib
c.
6th rib
b.
9-12th rib
d.
8th rib
23.
The hilum contains:
a.
The larger airways
b.
The larger pulmonary vessels
24.
There are two lungs:
a.
Each contain 2 lobes
b.
Each contain 3 lobes
c.
d.
The lymphatics
All of these
c.
None of these
Buzbee Unit 1: gross anatomy 3
25.
26.
The right lung contains:
a.
the middle lobe
b.
the upper lobe
c.
d.
the lower lobe
all of these
d.
e.
all of these
b and c only
b.
lobe
The right lung:
a.
Is wider & shorter
b.
Is longer and narrower
c.
Contains 3 lobes
d.
e.
a and c
b and c
The left lung:
a.
Is wider & shorter
b.
Is longer and narrower
c.
Contains 3 lobes
d.
e.
A and c
B and c
The left lung contains:
a.
the middle lobe
b.
the upper lobe
c.
the lower lobe
27.
The lingula is:
a.
Part of the inferior portion of the RUL
b.
Part of the inferior portion of the LUL
c.
Part of the superior portion of the RLL
d.
Part of the superior portion of the LLL
28.
The cardiac notch creates the illusion of a lingual:
a.
segment
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
The fissure that separates the RUL and the RML is called the:
a.
Transverse
d.
b.
Horizontal
e.
c.
Right Oblique
a and b
None of these
The fissure that separates the RML and the RLL is called the:
a.
Transverse
c.
b.
Horizontal
d.
Right Oblique
A and b
The fissure that separates the LUL and the LL is called the:
a.
Transverse
c.
b.
Horizontal
d.
Left Oblique
A and b
34.
The horizontal fissure is located at the level of the –rib just to the right of the sternum
a.
3rd rib
c.
6th rib
b.
4th rib
d.
11th rib
35.
The right oblique fissure is located:
a.
In the posterior it starts at T6, moves to the 5th laterally and ends up at the 3rd rib in the
anterior
b.
In the anterior it starts at 6th rib, moves to the 5th laterally and ends up at T3 in the
posterior
Buzbee Unit 1: gross anatomy 4
36.
The left fissure is located:
a.
at the left 6th rib in the anterior then moves to the 5th in the lateral and to T3 in the
posterior
b.
In the posterior it starts at T 6, moves to the 5 th laterally and ends up at the 3rd rib in the
anterior
37.
There are 10 segments in the – lung
a.
right
38.
39.
40.
are:
b.
left
There are 10 [or 8 segments] in the – lung
a.
right
b.
left
The single primary muscle of ventilation is the:
a.
Diaphragm
b.
The intercostals
c.
Scalene
d.
e.
c.
both
c.
both
Sternocleidomastoid
None of these
Another set of muscles that are considered primary muscles of ventilation
a.
b.
c.
Diaphragm
The intercostals
Scalene
d.
e.
Sternocleidomastoid
None of these
41.
On the lateral aspect the diaphragms rise from the inner surface of the:
a.
1-7th ribs
c.
4th –6th ribs
th
th
b.
7 to 12 ribs
42.
The right and left diaphragm meet in the middle at the:
a.
Level of the Xiphoid process
b.
Central tendon
c.
d.
43.
The right diaphragm tends to be:
i.
lower than the left
ii.
higher than the left
iii.
pushed up by the liver
iv.
pushed down by the heart
a.
i, iii
b.
i, iv
c.
ii, iii
d.
ii, iv
44.
When the diaphragm is in action, the muscle gets shorter:
a.
The dome gets rises and gets
b.
more curved
flatter
c.
45.
46.
The accessory muscles of inspiration include the:
a.
intercostal
b.
Scalene
c.
Sternocleidomastoid
d.
e.
The accessory muscles of inspiration tend to be -- muscles:
a.
neck
d.
b.
chest
e.
c.
abdomen
Both
None
The dome drops and gets
The dome rises
a, b and c
b and c only
a and b
b and c
Buzbee Unit 1: gross anatomy 5
47.
When used for breathing, the accessory muscles of inspiration tend to:
a.
Lift the chin
b.
Lift the head
c.
Lift the sternum
d.
Raise and separate the ribs
e.
c&d
48.
The pectoralis muscle is a[an]:
a.
chest muscle
b.
abdominal muscle
c.
an accessory muscle of inspiration
d.
an accessory muscle of exhalation
e.
a and c
f.
b and d
49.
The trapezium muscle is a[an]:
a.
posterior chest wall muscle
b.
abdominal muscle
c.
an accessory muscle of inspiration
d.
an accessory muscle of exhalation
e.
a and c
f.
b and d
50.
The rectus muscle is a[an]:
a.
chest wall muscle
b.
abdominal muscle
c.
an accessory muscle of inspiration
d.
an accessory muscle of exhalation
e.
a and c
f.
b and d
51.
The external oblique muscles are:
a.
chest wall muscle
b.
abdominal muscle
c.
accessory muscle of inspiration
d.
accessory muscle of exhalation
e.
a and c
f.
b and d
52.
The transverse abdominal muscles are:
a.
chest wall muscle
b.
abdominal muscle
c.
accessory muscle of inspiration
d.
accessory muscle of exhalation
e.
a and c
f.
b and d
53.
Accessory muscles of exhalation are:
a.
muscles used to push the abdomen in
b.
muscles used to push the diaphragm up by the action in " a"
c.
are used in the expulsion phase of the cough
d.
a&c
e.
a, b & c
Buzbee Unit 1: gross anatomy 6
54.
Pectoralis muscle is:
a.
chest wall muscle
b.
abdominal muscle
c.
accessory muscle of inspiration
d.
accessory muscle of exhalation
e.
a and c
f.
b and d
55.
The diaphragm is a:
a.
accessory muscle of inspiration
b.
accessory muscle of exhalation
c.
primary muscle of ventilation
d.
all of these
56.
Inspiration is:
a.
the phase of breathing in which gas enters the airways
b.
the phase of breathing in which gas exits the airways
57.
End inspiratory is the point at which:
a.
gas starts to flow out of the lungs
b.
there is no longer a pressure differential and gas flow stops
59.
Intrapleural pressure is the:
a.
pressure in the thorax
b.
pressure in the airways
c.
pressure created by the opposition of the elastic recoil of the lung and the expanding of
the rib cage
d.
a and b
e.
a and c
60.
Adhesion:
a.
ability to slide
61.
62.
63.
b.
ability to stick
d.
e.
b and c
all of these
The most common units of flow rate are:
a.
ml/minute
b.
lpm
c.
d.
ml/sec
b and c
To breathe in, the diaphragm must go:
a.
Down
b.
Up
The units of flow rate are:
a.
ml/minute
b.
lpm
c.
ml/sec
64.
This action of the diaphragm in the above question pulls the basal portion of the lung down, and
raises its volume which creates a more – pressure in the airways.
a.
Negative
b.
Positive
65.
Once the atmospheric pressure is higher than the mouth [nose] airway pressure, there is a pressure
gradient and then there is a flow from the – to the ---.
a.
Atmosphere to the airway
b.
Airway to the atmosphere
66.
Once there is flow down the airways, the pressure gradients from one point to the next in the
airway keep the gas coming. What stops the flow?
Buzbee Unit 1: gross anatomy 7
a.
b.
c.
67.
When all pressures up and down the line are negative
When all pressures up and down the line are positive
When all pressures up and down the line are equal
To initiate exhalation, one need only:
a.
Relax the diaphragm
b.
lower
Drop the diaphragm down
68.
(refer to above question) This action will – the pressure in the thorax.
a.
Raise
b.
Drop
69.
(refer to above question)During exhalation, the lung, which is attached to the chest wall, will get –
a.
smaller
b.
larger
70.
(refer to above question)The airway pressure in the mouth is now – than the atmospheric pressure
a.
higher
b.
lower
71.
(refer to above question) so that now, the gas flows – of the airway
a.
out
b.
into
72
If one wants a breath hold, at the point of end inhalation the diaphragm is –
a.
Held down
c.
Continues to drop
b.
Pushed up
73.
If one wants a deeper breath the diaphragm:
a.
is held down longer
b.
is pushed up
c.
Continues to drop
74.
How much volume is moved when the diaphragm drops down 1.5 cm?
a.
About 50-60 ml
c.
About 5000-6000 ml
b.
About 500-600 ml
75.
The formula for the minute ventilation [VE] is:
a.
Pi –P2
b.
4ST/ r
c.
d.
RR (VT)
none of these
A paralyzed diaphragm is stuck:
a.
Domed and up
b.
Flat and down
76.
77.
A person with orthopnea sleeps with several pillows because:
a.
she needs gravity to cough
b.
she needs gravity to breathe
79.
At the part of the lung where there is more perfusion than ventilation, one would designate it as:
a.
Zone 1
c.
Zone 3
b.
Zone 2
80.
Where ventilation and perfusion are equal is zone:
a.
Zone 1
b.
Zone 2
c.
Zone 3
Zone – has more ventilation than perfusion.
a.
Zone 1
b.
c.
Zone 3
81.
82.
Zone 2
Due to gravity, when the patient is standing upright, zone 3 would be where?
Buzbee Unit 1: gross anatomy 8
a.
b.
83.
Apical areas
Middle lobes
c.
Basal areas
If you lie down on your back, what part of your lung is now zone 1?
a.
The front of the chest all the way down
b.
The back of the chest all the way down
84.
Your normal residual volume (as established by a person sitting or standing
upright most of the time) would be located in which zone?
a.
Zone 1
b.
Zone 2
c.
Zone 3
85.
(Refer to above question.) This zone where the residual volume is located is found in the:
a.
Apical areas
c.
Basal areas
b.
Middle lobes
86.
Airway resistance is a function of:
a.
Flow
b.
Volume
c.
Pressure
87.
The more narrow the channel that air has to pass through, the more there is friction created by the
gas and the wall. This increases:
a.
Alveolar Compliance
b.
Airway resistance
88.
The formula for RAW includes:
a.
Pressures on both ends of the tube
b.
The flow rate of the gas going down the tube
c.
Both
89.
Driving pressure is derived by:
a.
adding P1 and P2
b.
finding the difference between P1 & P2
c.
dividing P1 by P2
90.
At a given flow rate, as the RAW increases, the pressure gradient rises or falls:
a.
Rises
b.
Falls
91.
If the pressure gradient doesn't change as the flow rate rises, the RAW is:
a.
Increased
b.
Decreased
92.
As the airway lumen's radius decreased by half, the R AW:
a.
Increases by 16 x
b.
Decreases by 16 x
c.
Is unchanged, because resistance is a function of flow
93.
If a person with asthma has decreased airway diameters, her RAW increases and her driving
pressures increases. What must be she do to move gas into and out of her lung?
a.
Increase her driving pressure by increasing her work of breathing
b.
Decrease her driving pressure by decreasing her work of breathing
94.
To get air into the lung of a person with bronchospasm, it might be helpful to – the flow rate to
decrease the RAW
a.
Increase
b.
Decrease
99.
The ability of the lung to inflate is measured by the amount of – that can be put into the lung at a
given unit of pressure.
a.
Flow
b.
Volume
Buzbee Unit 1: gross anatomy 9
100.
101.
The units of lung compliance is:
a.
ml
b.
cm H20
c.
ml/cm H20
The formula for lung compliance is the:
a.
change in volume multiplied by the change in pressure
b.
change in volume divided by the change in pressure
102.
The normal driving pressure for a tidal volume breath is about 5 cm H20. In the face of decreased
lung compliance, this driving pressure will rise/ fall.
a.
Rise
b.
Fall
103.
104.
goes.
Normally, the lung compliance of a healthy person is quite a.
High
b.
As the alveoli gets stiffer from swelling or edema, the driving pressure to inflate these alveoli
a.
105.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Low
Up
A low lung compliance is:
Pathological
Normal
Results in increased work of breathing
a and c
b.
Down
Buzbee Unit 1: gross anatomy 10