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COMMUNICATION MODEL The way we Communicate What is Communication? The process of sending and reviewing messages to share meanings. Elements of the Model Sender - Speaker Receiver - Listener Messages Feedback Encoding Decoding Interference Two kinds of Messages Non-Verbal Verbal appearance using words gestures volume body tone movement eye contact spatial relations What is Feedback? Reaction of the receiver to the sender’s message. Tells the sender how to send the next message. Encoding How the sender decides to send the messages based on PREDICTIONS or prior knowledge about the receiver Decoding Applying meaning and understanding the message that has been sent Interference External outside influences that affect communication noisy room; airplane overhead Internal inside influences that affect communication prejudices; anxiety; worry Channels of Communication Channels are the senses you use in communication Hear See Touch Purposes of Communication General Social Contact Self-Esteem Gain & Share knowledge Specific Exchange Info. Exerting Control Following Social rules Sharing Feelings Verbal Communication Uses words: symbols that represent things but are not the things themselves. Why language changes: the world is changing. New ideas and inventions need words to describe them. Meanings of Words Denotative Meaning---definition found in the dictionary Connotative Meaning--everyday meaning; emotional or personal response to a word Nonverbal Communication Sending and Receiving messages without the use of words. Involves: appearance, gestures, posture, eye contact, facial expressions, spatial relations, and time. Most communication is NONVERBAL 7% 38% 55% Facial Expressions Verbal Expression Vocal Expression Nonverbal Communication Intentional - using nonverbal techniques to support verbal message(s) Accidental nonverbal messages sent that the sender is unaware of but still communicate a message. Can contradict verbals Communication Model Listening Accurate Receiving Hearing vs. Listening Hearing physical ability to pick up sound waves. Listening 4 steps hear interpret understa nd recall Barriers to Listening Internal Distractions External Distractions Personal Biases Conflicting Demands Active Listening: Stay Tuned In Most people would rather TALK than LISTEN We understand 450 words per minute! We speak only 120-180 words per minute. How can we stay focused during the “wasted” time? Staying Tuned in: Active Listening Read nonverbals Avoid distractions Staying Tuned In: Active Listening Apply the ideas to yourself Paraphrase Know your effect on the sender