Download Greece Review PowerPoint - Mr. Weiss

PERSIAN WARS:
499-494 BC: Ionian (Greek) rebellion in Persian Asia Minor. Persian King Darius puts
down rebellion.
492 BC: Darius conquers Thrace and Macedonia.
490 BC: Athenians defeat Persians at Battle of Marathon.
480 BC: Persian King Xerxes invades Greece. 300 Spartans hold the Persians at
Thermopylae for 3 days while the other city-states prepare their defenses.
480 BC: Persians enter Athens and destroy it. Athenian navy destroys Persian fleet in
Salamis Strait.
479 BC: Athenians and Spartans defeat Persians at Platea.
Phalanx.
Greek soldiers had to buy
their own weapons and
decorate their own
shields.
On the plain of Marathon there was once a big battle. Many
[87]
Turks
with many ships came to enslave the land and from
“
there pass to Athens...
The blood turned into a river, and reached from the roots of
Vranas to Marathon on the other side. It reached the sea and
painted the waves red. Lots of lamentation and evil took place.
In the end the Greeks won... Then two men ran to bring the
news to Athens. One of them went on horseback and the other
on foot and in full gear. The rider went towards Halandri and
the one on foot towards Stamata. Swift-footed he went up
Aforesmos and down towards the village. As women saw him,
they ran towards him:
"Stop!" they shouted - stamata! (Greek for stop).
They wanted to ask what happened in the battle. He stopped a
moment to catch his breath and then took the road again.
Finally he reaches Psychiko. There he was almost near death ,
his feet were shaking, he felt like falling down. But he
composed himself, took a deep breath, continued and finally
reached Athens.
"We won," he said, and immediately he fell down and died. The
rider had yet to come. But there where the foot runner stopped
and took a breath is named after his act. The first village is
called Stamata and the second Psychiko.
”
Athens used the Delian League to maintain a naval empire under Pericles. (461-429 BC)
Problems within the Delian League
“ Of all the causes of defection, that connected with arrears of
tribute and vessels, and with failure of service, was the chief; for
the Athenians were very severe and exacting, and made
themselves offensive by applying the screw of necessity to men
who were not used to and in fact not disposed for any
continuous labor. In some other respects the Athenians were not
the old popular rulers they had been at first; and if they had
more than their fair share of service, it was correspondingly easy
for them to reduce any that tried to leave the confederacy. The
Athenians also arranged for the other members of the league to
pay its share of the expense in money instead of in ships and
men, and for this the subject city-states had themselves to
blame, their wish to get out of giving service making most leave
their homes. Thus while Athens was increasing her navy with the
funds they contributed, a revolt always found itself without
enough resources or experienced leaders for war. [Thucydides i.
99]
Aftermath
For a short period of time, Athens was ruled by the 'Thirty Tyrants' and democracy was
suspended. This was a reactionary regime set up by Sparta. The oligarchs were
overthrown and democracy was restored by in 403 BC.
Although the power of Athens was broken, it made something of a recovery as a result
of the Corinthian War and continued to play an active role in Greek politics. Sparta was
in turn humbled by Thebes, but it was all brought to an end a few years later when Philip
II of Macedon conquered all of Greece.
The war continues to fascinate later generations, both because of the way it engulfed
the Greek world, and because the democracy of Athens lost to the far more militant
Sparta. Also, the insight Thucydides provides into the motivations of its participants is
deeper than what is known about any other war in ancient times.
Myron (480-440 BC)
Minotaur
The Discus Thrower
Phidias ( 480-430 BC) worked in the
Athenian Parthenon on the Acropolis