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Non verbal communication Nonverbal Communication: The Unspoken Language Advantages: Supports other communications and provides observable expression of emotions and feelings Disadvantages: Misperception of body language or gestures can influence receiver’s interpretation of message Definition of Nonverbal Communication Human action and behavior and the corresponding meaning that is attached to behavior In short, everything but the words It is far more than just gestures and eye contact Communication is More than Just Verbal… Nonverbal Communication Words account for only 7% of emotional impact of a message Voice tones- 38% Facial Expressions- 55% “Actions speak louder than words” Importance of Non-verbal Communication Now why are the above aspects important in your day to day life? It is important to note that in an communication as seen above, about 93 % is conveyed and given importance to non-verbal aspect of communication Non-verbal communication is a dimension of human experience which is normally never given so much importance in day to day interaction A spoken message is always sent on two level simultaneously, verbal and non-verbal Categories of Non-Verbal Communication: Psychological Perspective 1. Facial Expression: “The face is the Image of the soul” 2. Body Language: 1. 2. 3. 4. Personal Space Touching Gestures Eye Contact 3. Paralanguages: 1. Pacing 2. Tone, Pitch, Intensity 3. Pause Facial Expressions Mirror of one’s mood and feelings Friesman and Ekman: Six universal emotions Anger Happiness Disgust Surprise Sadness Fear Gender differences Body Language Personal Space (Proxemics): Zone of space surrounding a person E.T. Hall: Interpersonal distance zone Intimate distance zone: (0-18”)- Parents and children, Husband & wife Personal distance zone: (18”-4’)- Close friends Social distance zone: (4’-12’)- Co-workers, friends, social geatherings Public distance zone: (12’+)- Actors, important officials Invasions of personal space result in anger, hostility etc. Touch: It coveys variety of meanings such as, support, assurance, consolation etc. Status difference: Touch downward Body Language Gestures: A body gesture is a movement made with a limb, especially the hand, to express, confirm, emphasize or back up the speaker’s attitude or intention. However, these too have many different meanings in different cultures and what may be friendly in one country can be insulting in another country Eye Contact: Duration of eye contact is more meaningful e.g., Gaze Cultural Difference: Modern American business culture values a fair degree of eye contact in interpersonal relations, and looking away is sensed as avoidance or even non-confident. However, some cultures such as Indian culture may raise kids to minimize eye contact especially with authority figures as it may conduct rudeness or disrespect. Paralanguage How something is said rather than what is said It involves all vocal cues other than the content of the verbal message itself Examples: Pacing (rapid, slow, measured, changing…) Intensity (loud, soft, breathy..) Tone (Nasal, operatic, growling, whining…) Pitch (high, medium,low, changes..) Pauses(meaningful, disorganized, shy, hesitant..) Positive Nonverbal Cues to Adopt Maintain good eye contact Nod your head to convey that you are listening or that you agree Smile and show interest Lean forward to show the speaker you are interested Use a tone of voice that matches your message Negative Nonverbal Cues to Avoid Avoiding eye contact and looking away from the speaker Closing your eyes or tensing your facial muscles. Excessive yawning Using body language that conveys indecisiveness or lack of confidence (e.g., slumped shoulders, head down, flat tones, inaudible voice) Speaking too fast or too slow Communication Analysis Exercises!!!@@ Exercise 1 Knowing Own Communication Style “How well we communicate is determined not by how well we say things – but how well we are understood.” ~ Andrew Grove, CEO, Intel Corporation