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Communication 1A
An introduction to interpersonal communication
WEEK 14
Non-verbal communication
1
What is non-verbal communication?
Definitions of non-verbal communication have had
consistency over the years:
1991:”Non-verbal messages are those communications that
are not spoken or written in words”.
Hanna, G., & Wilson, M. (1991). Communicating in business and professional settings.
New York : McGraw-Hill. p.151
2000: “The literal definition of non-verbal communication,
communication without words, is something of an
oversimplification …the entire process must be viewed as
a whole that is greater than the sum of its parts”.
Tubbs, S. & Moss, S. (2000). Human communication. New York: McGraw-Hill. p.100-101
2
Body language types
•
Emblems
• These are forms of body language that are commonly used and often replace
words, e.g. waving goodbye
•
Illustrators
• These are forms of body language that accompany words, eg. when we use
gestures to illustrate what we are saying
•
Regulators
• These are forms of body language that control others communication, eg.
nodding our heads to encourage someone talking
•
Adaptors
• These are body language forms that are unique to individuals. People often
have certain types of non verbal cues that only they use. Watch your friends
and family and see if any of them have adaptors when they communicate.
•
Affect displays
• These body language cues communicate how we are truly feeling when our
verbal cues communicate something very different, e.g. when we blush,
people often know that we are embarrassed even though our verbal cues
may be saying something very different
•
Posture and gestures
• How we stand and sit, the gestures we use while we talk to one another
gives messages, eg. when someone slouches they can look bored.
3
Parts of the body
Our body communicates many messages:
Next to each listing, place an example of a common non-verbal cue and the
message it sends:
The face
The eyes
Lips and mouth
Eyebrows
Nose
Forehead
Chin
The whole head
Hands, fingers, arms
Shoulders
Legs
Feet
_______________________________________
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4
Physical appearance & characteristics
Ectomorphs:
–
–
Skinny, lacking muscle
Can communicate:
•
Awkwardness, intelligence, nervousness
Endomorphs
–
–
Shorter and less lean than ectomorphs
Can communicate:
•
Affection, lack of motivation
Mesomorphs
–
–
athletic, muscular, the body types that western
society reveres
Can communicate:
•
•
Motivation, confidence, energy
PLUS: how we dress, the accessories we wear,
our hair cut etc ALL communicate messages.
5
Voice: Paralanguage
• Qualifiers
• These are our vocal qualities, eg. the rate of our speech, the
tone, the pitch, the volume etc
• Fillers
• The meaningless words that we use when we hesitate, make a
break in our speech etc, eg. “um”, “ah”…etc
• Differentiators
• Sounds that we use when talking to another person; often
these are unique to people
• Qualities
• Is your voice soft, loud, high, low…?
Slides 2-5 were adapted from Pinner, D., & Pinner, D. (1998).
Communication skills. (4th ed.). Auckland: Longman.
See readings package pages 143-150.
6
Non-verbal group exercise
•
Each group will:
–
Choose ONE specific non verbal communication tool
from slides 2-6
–
Explain the term, in your own words, in no more than 3
sentences
–
Give at least two examples from your culture; preferably
visual examples (i.e.. students acting out non verbal cues
to present to the class as examples)
•
Present to the class (each group should present for around
4-5 minutes)
•
Use the readings package chapter for guidance.
7
Eleven decisions
3.
1. Educational level
2. Economic level
Perceived credibility, believability, competence, honesty
4. Trustworthiness
5. Level of sophistication
6. Sexuality
7. Level of success
8. Political background
9. Religious background
10. Ethnic background
11. Social/professional desirability
Adapted from an AUT resource: citing Solomon, M. Graduate School of Business from New York
University