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1 THE ANIMAL KINGDOM A Summary of Chapters 26-34 What is an animal? 2 Kingdom Animalia Multicellular Eukaryotic Heterotrophs No cell walls Animal Evolution 3 Complex animals High levels of cell specialization Internal body organization Bilateral symmetry Cephalization Body cavity Sponges 4 Multicellular Heterotrophic Lack cell walls But contain few specialized cells Water flow provides a simple mechanism for feeding, respiration, circulation, and excretion. Cnidarians 5 Soft-bodied, carnivorous animals with stinging tentacles around the mouth nematocysts Simplest animal with both symmetry and specialized tissues Life stages are polyp and medusa Include jellyfish, hydra, sea anemones, & corals 6 Flatworms 7 Soft, flattened worms with tissues and internal organ systems No body cavity coelom Simplest animals to have three embryonic germ layers, bi-symmetry, and cephalization Most are hermaphrodites Tubellarians, Flukes, and Tapeworms 8 Roundworms 9 Unsegmented worms with pseudocoelems and digestive systems with a mouth and an anus Annelids 10 Worms with segmented bodies and a true coelom lined with mesoderm Include earthworms, leeches (external parasites), and polychaetes (marine) Mollusks 11 Soft-bodies with an internal or external shell Body Plan Foot, mantle, shell, and a visceral mass Gastropods, bivalves, and cephalopods Types of Mollusks 12 Gastropods Shell-less or single shelled Move using a muscular foot Bivalves Two shells held together by powerful muscle(s) Cephalopods Soft-bodied Head attached to foot and tentacles Most active mollusks Arthropods Segmented bodies Tough exoskeleton Jointed appendages Evolution has led to fewer segments and highly specialized appendages. Classified by the number and structure of segments and appendages. Arthropods 14 Molting occurs as they outgrow their exoskeletons Vulnerablity increases at this time Crustaceans Two pairs of antennae 2-3 body sections Mandibles- chewing mouth parts Chelicerates Mouthparts called chelicerae- fangs 2 body sections 4 pairs of walking legs Uniramians Jaws One pair of antennae Unbranched appendages Insects Body divided into 3 parts- head, thorax, abdomen 3 pairs of legs attached to thorax Undergo metamorphosis Can have complex “societies” Echinoderms Spiny skin Internal skeleton Water vascular system Respiration, circulation, and movement Tube feet suction-cups Five part radial symmetry (adults) Chordates 20 Have a hollow nerve cord; a notochord; pharyngeal pouches; and a tail for at least part of its life There are only 2 groups of non- vertebrate chordates Lancelets Tunicates Fishes 21 Aquatic vertebrates with fins, scales, and gills Jawless fish Cartilaginous fish Bony fish Amphibians 22 Lives in water as a larva and land as an adult Moist skin Lacks scales and claws Include salamanders, frogs and toads, and caecilians Reptiles 23 Scaly skin, lungs, and soft eggs Exothermic Includes lizards, snakes, crocodilians, turtles and tortoises, and tuatara Birds 24 Reptile-like animals that are endothermic Feathers, two legs with scales, and front limbs modified for flight Many features allow them to fly Feathers, lightweight bones, strong chest muscles Mammals 25 Hair Breathe air Produce milk 4-chambered hearts Endotherms Complex organ systems that maintain homeostasis Mammal Diversity 26 Monotremes- lay eggs Marsupials- bear live, underdeveloped young which mature in pouches Placentals- bear live more mature young Animal Behavior 27 COMING SOON!