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SummerII – 2015 The University of Texas – Pan American Course Syllabus for ASTR 1402-01 Physics and Geology Department MTWRF Instructor: John A. Faust M.S. Office: PHYS 1.146 Office Hours: Time 09:25 - 10:55am PHYS 1.119 E-mail: [email protected] Phone 956-665-7437 MTWRF 12;00 – 1:00 pm Textbook: The Essential Cosmic Perspective, 7th Edition Blackboard: PowerPoint lecture slides will be available for viewing, printing, and downloading through Blackboard at the web site: http://cdl.utpa.edu Catalogue Course Description: ASTR 1402: A study of basic concepts in Astronomy and of our Solar System. Telescopes and other instruments, including the planetarium, are used as an integral part of the course. Prerequisite: None. ADA Statement: Students with disabilities are encouraged to contact the Disability Services office for a confidential discussion of their individual needs for academic accommodation. It is the policy of The University of Texas-Pan American to provide flexible and individualized accommodation to students with documented disabilities that may affect their ability to fully participate in course activities or to meet course requirements. To receive accommodation services, students must be registered with the Disability Services office (DS), University Center #108, 665-7005 or [email protected]. Student Learning Outcomes, Core Curriculum, and Objectives: Astronomy is the study of the universe in which we live. The celestial bodies, including Earth, will be studied to improve our understanding of the origins, evolution, composition as well as the motion of these celestial bodies including: stars, planets, asteroids, comets, and meteors. Astronomers look at the universe and see a vast system of objects waiting to be discovered and understood. At the end of this course students will be able to: 1) Understand and apply method and appropriate technology to study astronomy. 2) To recognize scientific and quantitative methods and approaches used by astronomers to communicate findings and interpretation. To identify and recognize scientific theories dealing with the creation of our solar system. 3) Page 1 of 5 4) To demonstrate knowledge of the major issues and problems facing astronomy today; e.g., how many “planets” revolve around our sun? 5) To demonstrate knowledge of the interdependence of science and technology and the effects on our modern culture. Today’s astronomical instruments and techniques are expanding our views of the earth and its place in the universe. I. Our Star (Chapter 11 of the Textbook) Learning goals: 11.1 11.2 11.3 Detail View of the Sun Solar Structure Solar Illumination Physics Solar Nuclear Fusion Fusion Phenomenon Energy Exfiltration Solar Effects on Earth Causes of Solar activity Gravitational Contraction Solar Interior Physics Variances in Solar Activity You should also be able to: Define gravitational contraction, mass – energy conversion, gravitational equilibrium, sunspots, luminosity, solar wind, chromosphere, photosphere, convection zone, radiation zone, core, strong force, proton – proton chain, Solar thermostat (gravitational equilibrium – energy balance), Solar vibrations, Solar neutrinos, magnetic fields, field lines, Solar prominences, Solar storms, coronal mass ejections, Sunspot Cycle,. II. Surveying the Stars (Chapter 12 of the Textbook) 12.1 12.2 12.3 Properties of stars Stellar Luminosities Stellar Temperatures Hertzsprung – Russell Diagram defined Main Sequence defined Star Clusters Globular Clusters Open Clusters Stellar Masses Giants, Supergiants, White Dwarfs Cluster age measurements You should also be able to:Define apparent and absolute magnitude, luminosity, inverse square law for light, stellar parallax, stellar magnitude, stellar color and temperature, spectral type, spectral sequence, stellar mass determination, binary systems, stellar radius determination from luminosity, Hertzsprung – Russell Diagram, luminosity class, main sequence, stellar lifetimes, giants, supergiant, white dwarfs, globular clusters, open (planetary) clusters. III. Star Stuff (Chapter 13 of the Textbook) 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 Star Birth Cloud Low Mass Stars High Mass Stars Binary Stellar Systems Protostar Stellar Formation Formation mass Low Mass stellar Life Stages Low Mass Stellar Death High Mass stellar Life Stages High Mass Stellar Death Binary System Characteristics Binary / Single System differences You should also be able to: Define protostellar / molecular cloud, minimum mass of cloud, Protostar, disk, jet, close binary, main sequence, stellar mass limits, brown dwarf, thermal pressure, degeneracy pressure, mass of – low, intermediate, and high mass stars, main sequence stage, red giant stage, hydrogen shell fusion, helium shell fusion, helium flash, nova, planetary nebula, high mass hydrogen fusion, CNO cycle, iron core limit, multi-burning shells, supernova, supernova remnant, neutron star, black hole. IV. The Bizarre Stellar Graveyard (Chapter 14 of the Textbook) 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 White Dwarfs Neutron Stars Black Holes Gamma Ray Bursts White Dwarf defined Neutron Star Defined Black Hole Defined Gamma Ray Burst Defined Page 2 of 5 White Dwarf Binary Systems Neutron Star Binary Systems Conditions around Black Holes causes of Gamma Ray Bursts You should also be able to: Define electron degeneracy pressure, white dwarf mass limit, accretion disk, white dwarf nova, white dwarf, supernova, neutron star, pulsar, x-ray binary, black hole, spacetime, event horizon, Schwarzschild radius, singularity, gravitational redshift, core collapse, gamma ray burst. V. Our Galaxy (Chapter 15 of the Textbook) 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 Milky Way Galaxy Galactic Materials Recycling Milky Way Galaxy History Galactic Cores Galactic appearance (Spiral) Location of Stellar birth Halo Stars Stellar Population Densities Orbital Paths in Galaxy Stellar Nurseries Formational Theories Galactic black Holes You should also be able to: Define spiral galaxy, spiral arms, disk, bulge, halo, disk star orbits, bulge star orbits, halo star orbits, need for invisible “dark matter”, galactic recycling (star-gas-star cycle), supernova bubbles, cosmic rays, atomic hydrogen gas, dust grains, star forming regions, ionization nebula, spiral arms, spiral density waves, disk population, halo population, galactic black hole. VI. A Universe of Galaxies(Chapter 16 of the Textbook) 16.1 Islands of Stars 16.2 Galactic Distances Determinations 16.3 Galactic Evolution 16.4 Active Galactic Nuclei Galaxies) Types of Galaxies Distance Measurements Hubble’s Law Evolution Studies Supermassive Black holes Galactic Groupings Universal Age Evolution Theories Parallel Evolution (Holes and You should also be able to: Define Spiral, Elliptical, and Irregular Galaxies, disk component, halo component, Hubble Galactic Classification, galactic groups, clusters, and superclusters, cosmology, standard candle, mainsequence fitting, Cepheid variable, period luminosity relation, distance as redshift, Hubble’s Law, Hubble‘s Constant, expanding universe, Cosmological Principle, lookback time, cosmological redshift, starburst galaxies, active galactic nuclei, quasar, radio galaxies, jets,. VII. The Birth of the Universe (Chapter 17 of the Textbook) 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 Big Bang Theory Big Bang Evidence Big Bang and Inflation Big Bang Observations Early Universal Conditions Cosmic Microwave Background Inflationary Features All Sky Mapping Early Universal Evolution Elemental Abundances Evidence of Inflation Olber’s Paradox You should also be able to: Define Big Bang Theory, particle creation / annihilation, matter, antimatter, Fundamental Forces (“super force”, gravity, GUT force, strong force, electroweak force, electromagnetism, weak force), Nucleosynthesis, cosmic microwave background, element abundances, inflation, flat, closed, and open universes, Olber’s Paradox. VIII. Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Fate of the Universe (Chapter 18 of the Textbook) 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 Unseen Influences Dark Matter Dark energy Evidence for Dark Matter In Galaxies In Galactic clusters Contents of Dark Matter cosmological Structures Role of Dark Matter Large Scale Structure Dark Energy Acceleration of Universe’s Expansion Flat Geometry Evidence Fate Of Universe Page 3 of 5 You should also be able to: Define dark matter, dark energy, rotation curve, hot cluster gas phenomenon, gravitational lensing, deficiency in normal matter, exotic matter, machos, WIMPS, large scale structures (sheets, chains, and voids), expansion models (recollapsing, critical, coasting, and accelerating), dark energy induced “flatness”. IX. Life in the Universe (Chapter 19 of the Textbook) 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 Life on Earth Life in the Solar System Life Around other Stars SETI Interstellar Travel? When and how did life arise on Earth Possibility of Martian Life? Superficial Habitability requirements Drake’s Equation (how many civilizations?) Nature of Interstellar Travel’s difficulties Necessities for Life Possibility of Europan Life? Extrasolar Life? SETI Methodologies Possibility of Aliens? You should also be able to: Define astrobiology, fossils, geological time scale, stromatolites, theory of evolution, natural selection, DNA, RNA, mutation, bacteria, archaea, eukarya, Habitable Zone, volcanism, tectonics, global magnetic field, climate stability, SETI, Drake’s Equation. Grading Policy: 9 Hourly Lecture Tests ..……………………………. 50% (Lowest Lecture Test score will be dropped) Pearson Online homework……………….………. 25% Laboratory ………………………………………….. 25% Note #1: Students must be registered in one of the Astronomy 1402 Laboratory sections. Department policy requires that a student must make a Laboratory grade of 65 or better in order to pass the course. Missing 3 laboratories will constitute a failure in the lab. Note #2: As indicated above, we will have 9 (nine) lecture exams. Each exam will correspond to one of chapters of the textbook. Note #3: The lowest lecture test grade will be dropped. Note #4: An extra- credit paper will also be available for students for up to an additional 8% of the overall course score. Students who decide to pursue the paper-extra-work/credit must turn in a paper in an Astronomy or Astronomyrelated topic. The due dates, format of, and evaluation of the paper are described below. Note #5: The attached lecture schedule includes the tentative test dates, as the semester develops exact test dates will be announced in class. For the lecture tests you will need to bring a #30423 (8” x 11”) test strip form (available at the University Bookstore) and a #2 pencil. Note #6: It is very much recommended that the student read the corresponding chapter once before the class and that they bring their textbook to class. This will stimulate class participation that is a very important part of the lecture activity. Also questions that may arise during the students pre-reading of the chapter may be addressed during the lecture and stimulate further class discussion that will in turn enhance the lecture process. Additional questions that may arise to the student can of course also be addressed during office hours. Note #7: It is also very much recommended that after the lectures for a given chapter have been completed, that the student work through the “Review Questions” and “Test Your Understanding” sections of the given chapter of the textbook (these sections are found at the end of each chapter; questions taken from these two sections may appear in the lecture tests). Any questions that arise to the student at this point may be addressed during the review classes or in office hours. Note #8: No Final Exam. Page 4 of 5 Warning!: There are no non-University excused make-ups of missed exams - there are no exceptions!!!. Mandatory Course Evaluations period ( Aug. 11 – Aug. 18). Students are required to complete an ONLINE evaluation of this course, accessed through your UTPA account (https://my.utpa.edu/); you will be contacted through email with further instructions. The evaluation window closes at 11:59 pm on (Aug. 18), the last day of Summer classes. Students who complete their evaluations by (Aug. 18) will have priority access to their grades. Required Pearson Mastering Astronomy Online Package Package available (with course ID) at: pearsonmylab.com Text + Mastering package Text price + $5.00 Mastering without e-text $60.50 Tentative Schedule for ASTR 1402-01 (Subject to change): Week Date Lecture 1 15 July Course Introduction 1 16 July 1 Week Date Lecture 4 3 Aug Chapter 15 Chapter 10 4 4 Aug Review of Chapters 14 & 15 17 July Chapter 10 4 5 Aug Test #3 (Chapters 14 & 15) 2 20 July Chapter 11 4 6 Aug Chapter 16 2 21 July Chapter 11 4 7 Aug Chapter 16 2 22 July Review of Chapters 10 & 11 5 10 Aug Review of Chapter 16 2 23 July Test #1 (Chapters 10 & 11) 5 11 Aug Test #4 (Chapter 16) 2 24 July Chapter 12 5 12 Aug Chapter 17 3 27 July Chapter 13 5 13 Aug Chapter 17 3 28 July Review of Chapters 12 & 13 5 14 Aug Chapter 18 3 29 July Test #2 (Chapters 12 & 13) 6 17 Aug Chapter 18 3 30 July Chapter 14 6 18 Aug Review of Chapters 17 & 18 3 31 July Chapter 15 6 19 Aug Test #5 (Chapters 17 &18) Page 5 of 5