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The FP420 R&D Project
LOI to LHCC signed by 29 institutes from 11 countries - more in the process of joining
The aim of FP420 is to install high precision
silicon tracking and fast timing detectors close to
the beams at 420m from ATLAS and / or CMS
FP420 is basically a spectrometer using LHC magnets to bend protons with small
momentum loss out of the beam (moveable silicon tracker ~ 8m long)
“The LHCC acknowledges the scientific merit of the FP420 physics program and the
interest in its exploring its feasibility.” - LHCC
“The panel believed that this offers a unique opportunity to extend the potential of
the LHC and has the potential to give a high scientific return.” - UK PPRP (PPARC)
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The FP420 R&D Project
Motivation from KMR calculations (e.g. hep-ph 0111078)
• Selection rules mean that central system is (to a good
approx) 0++
• If you see a new particle produced exclusively with
proton tags you know its quantum numbers
• CP violation in the Higgs sector shows up directly as
azimuthal asymmetries
• Proton tagging may be the discovery channel in certain
regions of the MSSM
• Tagging the protons means excellent mass resolution
(~ GeV) irrespective of the decay products of the
central system
At low luminosity (~ 30 fb-1) we can :
• Establish the quantum numbers of SM Higgs
• Be the discovery channel in certain regions of the MSSM
• Make high precision measurements of WW / ZZ couplings
• Host of interesting QCD measurements (0.002 < x < 0.015 )
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The FP420 R&D Project
Motivation from KMR calculations (e.g. hep-ph 0111078)
• Selection rules mean that central system is (to a good
approx) 0++
• If you see a new particle produced exclusively with
proton tags you know its quantum numbers
• CP violation in the Higgs sector shows up directly as
azimuthal asymmetries
• Proton tagging may be the discovery channel in certain
regions of the MSSM
• Tagging the protons means excellent mass resolution
(~ GeV) irrespective of the decay products of the
central system
At low luminosity (~ 30 fb-1) we can :
• Establish the quantum numbers of SM Higgs
• Be the discovery channel in certain regions of the MSSM
• Make high precision measurements of WW / ZZ couplings
• Host of interesting QCD measurements (0.002 < x < 0.015 )
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The FP420 R&D Project
Motivation from KMR calculations (e.g. hep-ph 0111078)
• Selection rules mean that central system is (to a good
approx) 0++
• If you see a new particle produced exclusively with
proton tags you know its quantum numbers
• CP violation in the Higgs sector shows up directly as
azimuthal asymmetries
• Proton tagging may be the discovery channel in certain
regions of the MSSM
• Tagging the protons means excellent mass resolution
(~ GeV) irrespective of the decay products of the
central system
In addition, at higher luminosity (~ 100 fb-1) we can :
• Make direct observation of CP violation in some SUSY Higgs scenarios
• Disentangle wide range of SUSY scenarios, including nearly degenerate
Higgs sectors
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The FP420 R&D Project
Motivation from KMR calculations (e.g. hep-ph 0111078)
• Selection rules mean that central system is (to a good
approx) 0++
• If you see a new particle produced exclusively with
proton tags you know its quantum numbers
• CP violation in the Higgs sector shows up directly as
azimuthal asymmetries
• Proton tagging may be the discovery channel in certain
regions of the MSSM
• Tagging the protons means excellent mass resolution
(~ GeV) irrespective of the decay products of the
central system
FP420 turns the LHC into a glue-glue (and ) collider where you know
the beam energy of the gluons to ~ 2 GeV.
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FP420 Schematic Outline
Spectrometer using LHC magnets to bend protons with small momentum
loss out of the beam
M ~ 200 GeV
M ~ 30 GeV
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The 420m region at the LHC
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Warm
beam pipes
in air
Detectors
The 420m region at the LHC
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The 420m region at the LHC
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How will the redesign be achieved ?
~ £110k from PPRP to fund cryogenic engineering from Cockcroft Institute
+ CERN designer (current 420m cryostat designer). Managed by Keith
Potter at CERN
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Movement Mechanism Designs
Louvain + Torino + Helsinki
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Movement Mechanism Designs
Impact of near-beam structures on
LHC beams - 1 RA from PPRP
working with Roger Jones + Rob
Appleby at Cockcroft
Louvain + Torino + Helsinki
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FP420 Silicon Detector Stations
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7.2 mm x 24mm (7.2 x 8 mm2 sensors)
35
-2
-1
US R&D funded
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FP420 Fast timing Detectors
• 1% events at LHC have diffractive proton track in FP420
• @ 2 x 1033 cm-2s-1, 7 interactions / bunch crossing
• -> 30% of FP420 events have an additional track
• Matching mass and rapidity of central system removes large fraction of these
• Of the remaining, 97.4% rejected by fast timing detectors with 10ps timing resolution (2.1 mm)
• Preliminary studies give s(overlap) = s(signal) for Higgs -> bb channel @ 2 x 1033 cm-2s-1 .
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FP420 Acceptance and Resolution
3 mm + 3 mm
7.5 mm + 3 mm
3 mm
25 mm
30 mm
5 mm
7.5 mm
10 mm
22 mm
MB apertures
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FP420 alignment
• @ 1 x 1033 cm-2 s-1 expect ~ 100 - events / fill with standard trigger
thresholds
• Simulations (Louvain) indicate precision is better than necessary (theoretical
limit is LHC beam energy uncertainty , s0 = 0.77 GeV ~ 50 microns)
(also WW, M> 200 GeV, s100 fb -> very high sensitivity to anomalous
quartic couplings)
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FP420 alignment
5 m will be possible - test bench under
construction at CERN
Helene Mainaud-Durand, CERN
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FP420 L1 Trigger
• Trigger latency does not allow for 420m detectors to be included in L1 at
ATLAS or CMS in standard running mode
• Problem for low-mass Higgs -> bb jets
• @ 1 x 1032, no pile-up, isolation criteria allows L1 di-jet trigger
(rate 2.6 KHz 2 jets ET > 40 GeV reduced to < 1 KHz with isolation + topological cuts)
• @ 2 x 1033, 7 pile-up events, tag at 220m + topological cuts OK
• @ 1034 require increase in trigger latency from 3.2 -> 4 s (SLHC ~ 6.4 s)
• 20% bb events can be saved with triggers at all luminosities
• All other channels, e.g. WW(*) ,  decays, fine.
The KMR Calculation of the Exclusive Process
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q -> Proton
Dominant uncertainty: KMR estimate factor
of 2-3. Independent estimate by Lund group
“definitely less than 10”.
Divergent: controlled by Sudakov
Power of QT, 6 for pseudo-scalar
The benchmark : Standard Model Higgs Production
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B.E. Cox. et al, Eur. Phys. J. C 45, 401-407 (2006)
The benchmark : Standard Model Higgs Production
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Standard Model Higgs
WW* :
MH = 120 GeV s=0.4 fb
MH = 140 GeV s=1 fb
MH = 200 GeV s=0.5 fb
MH = 140 GeV : 5 (10) signal (1 (2) “gold platted” dl), negligible
background in 30 fb-1
H
b jets :
MH = 120 GeV s=2 fb
MH = 140 GeV s=0.7 fb
MH = 120 GeV : 11 signal, S/B ~ 1 in 30 fb-1
0++ Selection rule
Also, since resolution of taggers > Higgs width:
QCD Background ~
•The b jet channel is possible, with a good understanding of detectors and clever level 1 trigger
•The WW* channel is extremely promising : no trigger problems, better mass resolution at higher
masses (even in leptonic / semi-leptonic channel)
•If we see Higgs + tags - the quantum numbers are 0++
B.E. Cox. et al, Eur. Phys. J. C 45, 401-407 (2006)
FP420 Physics Highlights
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The intense coupling regime is where the masses
of the 3 neutral Higgs bosons are close to each
other and tan b is large
suppressed
enhanced
0++ selection rule suppresses A production:
CEDP ‘filters out’ pseudoscalar production,
leaving pure H sample for study
MA = 130 GeV, tan b= 50
Mh = 124 GeV : 71 signal / 10 background in 60 fb-1
MH = 135 GeV : 124 signal / 5 background in 60 fb-1
MA = 130 GeV : 1 signal / 5 background in 60 fb-1
Well known difficult region for conventional channels, tagged channel may well be the
discovery channel, and is certainly a powerful spin/parity filter
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Probing CP violation in the Higgs Sector
Azimuthal asymmetry in tagged
protons provides direct evidence
for CP violation in Higgs sector
‘CPX’
scenario
sin fb
CP even
CP odd active at
non-zero t
Ongoing work - are there regions of MSSM parameter space where there are large CP
violating couplings AND enhanced gluon couplings?
B.C., Forshaw, Lee, Monk and Pilaftsis Phys. Rev. D. 68 (2003) 075004
Khoze, Martin and Ryskin Eur. Phys. J. C 24 (2004) 327
CP violation in the Higgs Sector
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bb decay
decay
decay
J. Ellis et al hep-ph/0502251
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Evidence for Exclusive Production
B. C. and A. Pilkington, Phys.Rev.D72:094024,2005
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Evidence for Exclusive Production
JZ=0 -> for colour singlet bbar production, the
born level contributions of a) and b) cancel in
the limit mb -> 0
10 GeV < M< 20 GeV
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Evidence for Exclusive Production
FP420 Key Milestones
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12/12 First
draft Design
Report
WP3
28/03 specify
candidate
Aug - Internal
and external
designs
review
WP1
WP2
WP4
17/06
complete
drawings for
candidates
25/08 Final
Spec.
05/09 Test
Beam
FP420 Collaboration
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We are at present reviewing
FP420 membership, there
are jobs still to be done.
Contacts :
[email protected] (ATLAS)
[email protected]
(CMS)
FP420 Summary
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• We have built a strong international collaboration with the
manpower and expertise to deliver forward proton tagging at high
luminosity to the LHC
•FP420 adds real discovery potential to ATLAS / CMS.
• 12 month R&D study fully funded from UK, US and Belgium
(~1000K CHF)
• Funding bids and significant manpower from Italy, Germany,
Finland, Canada
• Agreed list of key R&D areas (with CERN) to address machine
safety issues and physics goals.
• Technical design by Feb 2007 (Manchester 2006) and (if
successful) TDRs to LHCC from ATLAS / CMS spring 2007.
• First opportunity for installation is autumn 2008, dependent on
LHC schedule.
• Physics returns potentially huge