Download Introduction to DNS in Windows Server 2008

MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows
Server 2008 Network Infrastructure
Configuration
Chapter 5
Introduction to DNS in Windows
Server 2008
Objectives
• Discuss the basics of the Domain Name System
(DNS) and its terminology
• Configure DNS clients
• Install a standard DNS server on Windows Server
2008
• Create standard DNS zones
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Domain Name System
• Primary function is to translate human-readable host
names
• Assists the flow of e-mail
– Provides mail exchanger records that tell a Simple
Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) server where to send
an e-mail message
• Supported on the Internet by thousands of
distributed servers, or DNS servers
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Domain Name System (continued)
• Activity 5-1: Resetting Network Adapters and
Disabling DHCP
• Time Required: 20 minutes
• Objective: Reset the network adapters on lab
servers
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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DNS Terminology
•
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DNS namespace
DNS domain
Fully qualified domain name
Hosts
Host name
DNS record
DNS zone
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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DNS Terminology (continued)
• DNS namespace
– Organized into the following domains: root domain
(.), top-level domain (TLD), second-level domain,
and subdomain
• DNS domain
– The portion of the namespace to the right of the host
name
• Fully qualified domain names
– The entire name for a specific host that needs to
have a DNS record created
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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DNS Terminology (continued)
• Activity 5-2: Using Whois
• Time Required: 5 minutes
• Objective: Research domain names
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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DNS Terminology (continued)
• Hosts
– A computer on the Internet that provides a specific
resource
• Host name
– Name given to a computer, or host, to make
connecting to it easier
• DNS zone
– Collection of connected nodes served by an
authoritative DNS name server
• DNS records
– DNS uses records to provide the information it
stores in its database
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
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DNS Terminology (continued)
• Activity 5-4: Resolving DNS Records with
NSLookup
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Query a DNS server with nslookup
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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DNS Queries in Windows Server 2008
• Iterative query
– A DNS client requests the best answer that its DNS
server can provide
• Recursive queries
– Queries where the client requires an answer from its
DNS server
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Configuring DNS Clients
• DNS clients
– Often referred to as DNS resolvers
• Windows Server 2008
– Uses the DNS Client service to perform DNS queries
on behalf of the client
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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DNS Client Settings
• DNS servers
– For a client to resolve DNS queries, it needs to know
which server to contact
– First DNS server in the list is called the preferred
DNS server
• DNS suffix
– DNS domain appended to all unqualified name
queries, or a query that contains only a host name
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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DNS Client Settings (continued)
• Activity 5-5: Adding an Alternate DNS server
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Add an alternate DNS server
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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DNS Client Settings (continued)
• Activity 5-6: Adding a Domain Suffix to IP
Properties
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Configure a client with an additional
DNS suffix
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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DNS Client Settings (continued)
• Activity 5-7: Creating a Full Computer Name
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Change the computer name
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Dynamic Updates
• Windows Server 2008
– Supports dynamic updates with both standard and
Active Directory Domain Services–integrated
domains
• Dynamic updates
– Sometimes referred to as DDNS
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Installing DNS in Windows Server
2008
• DNS
– A role that can be installed on Windows Server 2008
Full and Server Core versions
– Often combined with other services such as DHCP
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Installing Cache-Only DNS Servers
• Cache-only DNS server
– Server that has the DNS role installed
– Does not hold a DNS zone so it is not authoritative
for any DNS zones
– Does not maintain any DNS records
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Installing Cache-only DNS Servers
(continued)
• Activity 5-8: Installing DNS on MSN-SRV-0XX
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Install the DNS Server role
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Installing Cache-only DNS Servers
(continued)
• Root hints
– Provide IP address pointers to top-level DNS servers
– When configured, a DNS server can perform queries
when it receives domain name requests for zones in
which it is not authoritative
– Provide referral answers to queries in a DNS
server’s quest to resolve an unknown domain name
request
• Forwarders
– Servers used to resolve names
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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DNS Zones
• Zones
– Building blocks for creating your DNS infrastructure
• DNS zones
– Classified in three ways
• The information they store
• Where they are stored
• Their read/write status
– Fall into two categories
• Standard and Active Directory
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Standard Zones
• zone.dns
– Used to store DNS records
– Found in the %systemroot%\system32\DNS folder
• Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND)
– Industry standard of DNS servers on the Internet and
networks running DNS on UNIX/Linux systems
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Standard DNS Zone Types
• Primary DNS zone
– The zone that is authoritative for a specific domain
and its name records
• Secondary DNS zone
– Read-only version of the DNS records for a zone
• Stub zone
– Read-only copy of a zone that obtains its resource
records from the name servers that are authoritative
for a particular zone
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Standard DNS Zone Types
(continued)
• Activity 5-9: Installing a Primary DNS Zone for
bentech.local
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Create a primary DNS zone
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Standard DNS Zone Types
(continued)
• Activity 5-10: Installing a Secondary DNS Zone on
MSN-SC-0XX
• Time Required: 15 minutes
• Objective: Install DNS on Server Core
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Direction of DNS Zones
• Forward lookup DNS zones
– Allow a DNS client to resolve an FQDN to an IP
address
• Reverse lookup DNS zone
– Maps IP addresses to host names
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Direction of DNS Zones (continued)
• Activity 5-11: Creating a Reverse Lookup Zone
• Time Required: 15 minutes
• Objective: Create a reverse lookup zone
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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DNS Resource Records
• Information in a DNS record
– Owner, Time-to-Live (TTL)
– Class, Type
– Resource Record Data (RDATA)
• Start of Authority (SOA)
– Record is the starting point for information related to
a zone
• Name server (NS) record
– Identifies a DNS server that is authoritative for a
zone
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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DNS Resource Records (continued)
• Host (A) record
– Provides host name–to–IP address resolution for
DNS clients
• Host (AAAA) Records for IPv6
– Records map a host name to an IPv6 address
• Mail exchanger (MX) record
– Specifies the server that is responsible for handling
e-mail
• Alias records
– Used to create an alias for a specific host
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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DNS Resource Records (continued)
• Pointer records
– Resolves IP address to host names for DNS clients
• Service locator records
– Provides the following information
• Location of services it needs
• Network protocol needed to access the previously
mentioned services
• Domain services it provides
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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DNS Resource Records (continued)
• Activity 5-12: Creating DNS Records in the DNS
Console
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Create DNS records
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Standard DNS Zone Transfers
• Master server
– Provides updated DNS record information to
secondary servers
• Slave server
– Gets its updates from the master zone transfer
partner specified on the Zone Transfer tab in DNS
• Zone transfers from the master to the secondary
server come in two varieties
– Incremental zone transfers (IXFRs)
– Full zone transfers (AXFRs)
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Summary
• DNS
– Responsible for providing name resolution for clients
on public and private networks
• Core functionality of DNS
– To provide host name–to–IP address resolution, or
forward lookups
• Standard zones classifications
– Primary, secondary, and stub zones
• DNS
– Uses many types of records to store information in
its zones
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Network Infrastructure Configuration
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Summary (continued)
• Installing the DNS role can be done through the
GUI using Server Manager
• DNS console
– The main GUI tool responsible for managing DNS
– Allows you to add, delete, and modify all aspects of
DNS
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