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Transcript
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows
Server 2008 Network Infrastructure
Configuration
Chapter 5
Introduction to DNS in Windows
Server 2008
Objectives
• Discuss the basics of the Domain Name System
(DNS) and its terminology
• Configure DNS clients
• Install a standard DNS server on Windows Server
2008
• Create standard DNS zones
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
2
Domain Name System
• Primary function is to translate human-readable host
names
• Assists the flow of e-mail
– Provides mail exchanger records that tell a Simple
Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) server where to send
an e-mail message
• Supported on the Internet by thousands of
distributed servers, or DNS servers
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
3
Domain Name System (continued)
• Activity 5-1: Resetting Network Adapters and
Disabling DHCP
• Time Required: 20 minutes
• Objective: Reset the network adapters on lab
servers
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
4
DNS Terminology
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
DNS namespace
DNS domain
Fully qualified domain name
Hosts
Host name
DNS record
DNS zone
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
5
DNS Terminology (continued)
• DNS namespace
– Organized into the following domains: root domain
(.), top-level domain (TLD), second-level domain,
and subdomain
• DNS domain
– The portion of the namespace to the right of the host
name
• Fully qualified domain names
– The entire name for a specific host that needs to
have a DNS record created
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
6
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
7
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
8
DNS Terminology (continued)
• Activity 5-2: Using Whois
• Time Required: 5 minutes
• Objective: Research domain names
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
9
DNS Terminology (continued)
• Hosts
– A computer on the Internet that provides a specific
resource
• Host name
– Name given to a computer, or host, to make
connecting to it easier
• DNS zone
– Collection of connected nodes served by an
authoritative DNS name server
• DNS records
– DNS uses records to provide the information it
stores in its database
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
10
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
11
DNS Terminology (continued)
• Activity 5-4: Resolving DNS Records with
NSLookup
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Query a DNS server with nslookup
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
12
DNS Queries in Windows Server 2008
• Iterative query
– A DNS client requests the best answer that its DNS
server can provide
• Recursive queries
– Queries where the client requires an answer from its
DNS server
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
13
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
14
Configuring DNS Clients
• DNS clients
– Often referred to as DNS resolvers
• Windows Server 2008
– Uses the DNS Client service to perform DNS queries
on behalf of the client
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
15
DNS Client Settings
• DNS servers
– For a client to resolve DNS queries, it needs to know
which server to contact
– First DNS server in the list is called the preferred
DNS server
• DNS suffix
– DNS domain appended to all unqualified name
queries, or a query that contains only a host name
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
16
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
17
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
18
DNS Client Settings (continued)
• Activity 5-5: Adding an Alternate DNS server
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Add an alternate DNS server
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
19
DNS Client Settings (continued)
• Activity 5-6: Adding a Domain Suffix to IP
Properties
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Configure a client with an additional
DNS suffix
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
20
DNS Client Settings (continued)
• Activity 5-7: Creating a Full Computer Name
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Change the computer name
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
21
Dynamic Updates
• Windows Server 2008
– Supports dynamic updates with both standard and
Active Directory Domain Services–integrated
domains
• Dynamic updates
– Sometimes referred to as DDNS
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
22
Installing DNS in Windows Server
2008
• DNS
– A role that can be installed on Windows Server 2008
Full and Server Core versions
– Often combined with other services such as DHCP
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
23
Installing Cache-Only DNS Servers
• Cache-only DNS server
– Server that has the DNS role installed
– Does not hold a DNS zone so it is not authoritative
for any DNS zones
– Does not maintain any DNS records
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
24
Installing Cache-only DNS Servers
(continued)
• Activity 5-8: Installing DNS on MSN-SRV-0XX
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Install the DNS Server role
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
25
Installing Cache-only DNS Servers
(continued)
• Root hints
– Provide IP address pointers to top-level DNS servers
– When configured, a DNS server can perform queries
when it receives domain name requests for zones in
which it is not authoritative
– Provide referral answers to queries in a DNS
server’s quest to resolve an unknown domain name
request
• Forwarders
– Servers used to resolve names
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
26
DNS Zones
• Zones
– Building blocks for creating your DNS infrastructure
• DNS zones
– Classified in three ways
• The information they store
• Where they are stored
• Their read/write status
– Fall into two categories
• Standard and Active Directory
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
27
Standard Zones
• zone.dns
– Used to store DNS records
– Found in the %systemroot%\system32\DNS folder
• Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND)
– Industry standard of DNS servers on the Internet and
networks running DNS on UNIX/Linux systems
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
28
Standard DNS Zone Types
• Primary DNS zone
– The zone that is authoritative for a specific domain
and its name records
• Secondary DNS zone
– Read-only version of the DNS records for a zone
• Stub zone
– Read-only copy of a zone that obtains its resource
records from the name servers that are authoritative
for a particular zone
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
29
Standard DNS Zone Types
(continued)
• Activity 5-9: Installing a Primary DNS Zone for
bentech.local
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Create a primary DNS zone
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
30
Standard DNS Zone Types
(continued)
• Activity 5-10: Installing a Secondary DNS Zone on
MSN-SC-0XX
• Time Required: 15 minutes
• Objective: Install DNS on Server Core
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
31
Direction of DNS Zones
• Forward lookup DNS zones
– Allow a DNS client to resolve an FQDN to an IP
address
• Reverse lookup DNS zone
– Maps IP addresses to host names
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
32
Direction of DNS Zones (continued)
• Activity 5-11: Creating a Reverse Lookup Zone
• Time Required: 15 minutes
• Objective: Create a reverse lookup zone
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
33
DNS Resource Records
• Information in a DNS record
– Owner, Time-to-Live (TTL)
– Class, Type
– Resource Record Data (RDATA)
• Start of Authority (SOA)
– Record is the starting point for information related to
a zone
• Name server (NS) record
– Identifies a DNS server that is authoritative for a
zone
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
34
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
35
DNS Resource Records (continued)
• Host (A) record
– Provides host name–to–IP address resolution for
DNS clients
• Host (AAAA) Records for IPv6
– Records map a host name to an IPv6 address
• Mail exchanger (MX) record
– Specifies the server that is responsible for handling
e-mail
• Alias records
– Used to create an alias for a specific host
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
36
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
37
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
38
DNS Resource Records (continued)
• Pointer records
– Resolves IP address to host names for DNS clients
• Service locator records
– Provides the following information
• Location of services it needs
• Network protocol needed to access the previously
mentioned services
• Domain services it provides
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
39
DNS Resource Records (continued)
• Activity 5-12: Creating DNS Records in the DNS
Console
• Time Required: 10 minutes
• Objective: Create DNS records
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
40
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
41
Standard DNS Zone Transfers
• Master server
– Provides updated DNS record information to
secondary servers
• Slave server
– Gets its updates from the master zone transfer
partner specified on the Zone Transfer tab in DNS
• Zone transfers from the master to the secondary
server come in two varieties
– Incremental zone transfers (IXFRs)
– Full zone transfers (AXFRs)
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
42
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
43
Summary
• DNS
– Responsible for providing name resolution for clients
on public and private networks
• Core functionality of DNS
– To provide host name–to–IP address resolution, or
forward lookups
• Standard zones classifications
– Primary, secondary, and stub zones
• DNS
– Uses many types of records to store information in
its zones
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
44
Summary (continued)
• Installing the DNS role can be done through the
GUI using Server Manager
• DNS console
– The main GUI tool responsible for managing DNS
– Allows you to add, delete, and modify all aspects of
DNS
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008
Network Infrastructure Configuration
45