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THE AGE OF DISCOVERIES AND EXPLORATIONS WILSON MORANO R.T, MPA Professor Commercial Revolution • • • • • 15th Century The discovery, exploration and colonization of territories in the orient European are experiencing growth of commerce and industry The improvement of the science of navigation and the invention of the machines marks this period Started the direct trade between the European traders and the merchants of the orient. Commercial Revolution • • • • • • • Venetians Italian Traders 1st monopolized the Asian trade Later followed by the: Portuguese traders Spanish traders Resulted to Commercial rivalry The Fall of Constantinople • • • • 1453 The Muslim Turks captured the city of Constantinople (Gateway to Asia) They closes down the Northern and central routes They allowed the venetians who paid handsome fees to used the trade routes. • It forces the Spain and Portugal to look for Alternative routes to orient Factors that motivated the European to find new route to Orient • • • • More exact geographical information Expansion of credit facilities and development of banking The desires to convert the heathen lands to Christianity Refer to places that doesn’t belong to the widely accepted religion. Rivalry between Spain and Portugal PORTUGAL • • • • • • 1st European country to established direct contact with the Orient. Prince Henry the Navigator Established a school for Mariners and sailors Results: 1488 Cape of Good Hope (Bartholomiew Diaz) 1498 India (Vasco De Gama) SPAIN • • • • • Finance the Columbus Expedition 1492 (New World) Balboa 1513 Discovered Pacific Ocean • Pacificus OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES • • • • • • BRITAIN 1497 John Cabot (Canadian Coast) FRANCE 1534 Jacques Cartier (St. Lawrence River) DIVISiON OF THE WORLD PAPAL BULL OF 1493 • • • • • • Issued by Pope Alexander VI Divided the world between the Spain and Portugal South and West of the world (SPAIN) African Continent (PORTUGAL) The on the 3rd bull allowed the Spain to own the lands to be discovered in the East Portugal protested TREATY OF TORDESILLAS • • • Concluded by the both king of Spain and Portugal Imaginary line from North to South at 370 degrees All lands in the East (Portugal) • All lands in the West (Spain) TREATY OF ZARAGOSA • • • • • • • • Signed on April 22, 1529 IMMEDIATE CAUSE: Disputes between the two countries over the Moluccas Island RESULTS: The Spain sold the Moluccas islands for 350,000 ducats Adjusted the demarcation line to 398 degrees Lands west of this line (PORTUGAL) Lands east of this line (SPAIN) MAGELLAN’S EXPEDITION • • • • • • • • • A Portuguese who offered his services to King Charles I of Spain. Born in 1480 at Ponte de Barca, Minho Portugal His wife is Beatrize Spent his early years at the Portuguez court Became the Captain of several expedition of Portugal Africa India (Francisco de Almeida) Malacca King Manuel of Portugal ignored his proposals to sail in the Far East • • Cut his pension Renounces his Portuguese citizenship MAGELLAN’S EXPEDITION • • • • • Diego Barbosa Father in Law Ruy De Faleiro Scholar Convinces the King of Spain to financed the expedition of Magellan MAGELLAN’S EXPEDITION • • • • • • • • • • SHIPS (Captains) San Antonio (Juan de Cartagena) Santiago (Juan Serrano) Concepcion (Gaspar De Quezada) Victoria (Luis De Mendoza) Trinidad (Flag Ship) COMPOSITIONS: 265 Crews 2/3 were Spanish The rest are foreigners History History History History History History History ROUTE TO THE ORIENT Battle of Mactan • • • • Mactan Ruled by Lapu-lapu and Raja Zula (Rival Ruler) Zula requested Magellan to defeat Lapu- Lapu for his refusal to accept Spanish Sovereignty Magellan took the request to show the Spanish Invincibility Battle of Mactan Battle of Mactan ROUTE TO SPAIN Significant of the expedition • • • • Proved the sphericity of the world. Broke the Venetian Monopoly. Brought the awareness of the European about the existence of the Philippines. It led to the colonization of the Philippines.