Download Universe Test - The Power of PPTS

Why Do We Study the Sun?
We look at the sun rising every day. It’s bright, it’s
big and it warms us up. Our sun happens to be
the brightest object in our universe and naturally
we are really curious to know more about it.
Our sun gives us light, heat and energy. It may
seem that energy comes from other sources such
as gasoline and electricity but the ultimate source
of energy for the Earth is nothing else but the
sun. Without the sun life on Earth would not
exist. It would be so cold that no living thing
would be able to survive and our planet would be
completely frozen.
The sun is a normal star. It is much closer to us than any other star, and
by studying the sun, we can therefore learn more about other stars. The
better we understand other stars, the more we know about the Milky
Way. From there we know more about other galaxies and in the end we
learn more about the universe.
The sun also plays the role of a big anchor, which creates gravity that
keeps our planet and the other planets of the solar system in a small
space. If it weren't for the sun, our planet would simply fly off loose into
the universe.
Our sun is very dynamic and it changes constantly. It has the largest
eruptions in the solar system. These eruptions can be so large that they
can reach our planet and cause serious damage by disrupting satellites
and other communication devices. Our TV may not work, our cell phones
will be down, a high speed train may run loose and if an astronaut
happens to be on the moon at the time when the sun erupts, he or she
would be in great danger.
NASA uses satellites such as the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
(SOHO), to predict these eruptions so that we have a warning of at least
2-3 days to protect our expensive communication devices during a solar
eruption. SOHO is just one of the instruments that NASA uses to help
scientists understand our sun better along with other satellites and large
observatories on Earth.
Here is what all of us should know about the sun.
.
YOUR TOP
10 SUN FACTS:
1. The sun is a star. This makes it extremely important for life on Earth. The sun
provides us with energy, which brings life on our planet. It defines the seasons,
the harvests, and even the sleep patterns of all living creatures on Earth.
2. The sun is the closest star to our planet. Imagine two cars on the road during
the night with their headlights on. One car is closer to you and the other one is
far away. Which headlights would seem brighter and bigger? That explains why
we see the sun so big and bright. It is simply the nearest star to Earth.
3. Remember! The Earth orbits around the sun.
4. The sun is way bigger than the Earth. In fact its radius is 109 times bigger
than the radius of the Earth. For those of you who are curious, the sun’s Radius
is 696,000km and the Earth’s radius is 6, 376km.
5. DON’T TOUCH THE SUN! IT’S HOT! The sun’s average surface temperature
is 5700 C. Compare that to the Earth’s average temperature, which is 20 C.
.
YOUR TOP
10 SUN FACTS (Continue)
6. The sun is 150 million km (93 million miles) away from the Earth.
7. How old is the sun? Can you imagine 4.5 billion years?
8. We know that the Earth’s structure consists of different layers. The sun also
has layers but unlike the Earth, the sun is entirely gaseous; there is no solid
surface.
9. The sun rotates on its axis approximately once every 26 days. The sun is
made of gas, which is why its different parts rotate at different speeds. The
fastest rotation is around the equator and the slowest rotation is at the sun’s
polar regions (more than 30 days).
10. The sun changes. No matter when or where we look at the sun, we will
always see something interesting. Scientists observe these changes by
watching the sunspots. They increase and decrease on a regular cycle of
about 10.8 years.
Quick Facts about the Sun
Topic
Data
Diameter
1,391,940 km
Mass
1.989 x 1030 kg
Surface Temperature
6400 K
Interior Temperature
15.6 x 106 K
Rotation
25 Days
Composition
Hydrogen and Helium
Magnetic Field
Very Large and Active
Planets Of
Our Solar
System
Mercury is a battered and baked planet just larger than Earth's moon.
Evidence of heavy bombardment from the chaos of the formation of the
solar system is left in the hundreds of craters and resulting lava flows on
this small, barren planet. The largest crater is Beethoven at 643 km in
diameter and is the largest in the solar system. The largest feature, Caloris
Basin, is 1300 km in diameter and was probably caused by an impact from
an object larger than 100 km in diameter. Some craters have ice in them
even though the planet is so hot because the sun never reaches into the
shadows due to the planet's tilt and orbit. With no atmosphere, there is a
temperature difference of about 600 degrees between the coldest spots
and hottest spots on the planet.
Mercury orbits the sun in about 88 Earth days but takes 58 Earth days to
rotate once. On this planet a year takes a (Mercury) day and a half!
Quick Facts about Mercury
Topic
Diameter
Density
Mass
Volume
Temperature Range
Atmosphere
Data
4879.4 km
5.43 g/cm3
3.303 x 1023 kg
6.084 x 1010 km3
-173° C to 427° C
Some Hydrogen, Helium, Oxygen
Winds
Moons
Average Distance from Sun
Orbital Period
None
None
57,910,000 km
0 Years, 87 Days, 23.3 Hours
Rotation
Tilt
Rings
Composition
Magnetic Field
58 Days, 15.5 Hours
0.00°
None
Iron Core, Silicate Surface
Slight
The brightest of all planets, Venus, is also known as the Morning Star and
the Evening Star. This planet is about the same size as Earth but is covered
with impenetrable clouds of carbon dioxide and sulfur compounds. Radar
mapping of the planet shows lots of craters and that 90% of the
landforms are volcanic. Venus spins slowly retrograde (backwards west to
east) in 243 days and takes about 225 days to orbit the sun. This makes the
daytime about 115 days which can raise surface temperatures up to 464° C.
In about a month’s time our Moon appears to change shape called Phases.
In 1610 Galileo observed phases and size changes of Venus similar to our
natural satellite. His discovery of this and Jupiter’s moons led to a
dramatic paradigm shift (way of thinking) from an Earth-centered system
to a Sun-centered view. The world was no longer fixed in place and the
gods no longer ruled.
Quick Facts about Venus
Topic
Diameter
Density
Mass
Volume
Temperature Range
Atmosphere
Data
12,104 km
5.25 g/cm3
4.869 x 1024 kg
9.284 x 1011 km3
-45° C to 464° C
97% Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen
Winds
Moons
Average Distance from Sun
Orbital Period
350 km/hr
None
108,200,000 km
0 Years, 224 Days, 16.8 Hours
Rotation (Retrograde)
Tilt
Rings
Composition
Magnetic Field
243 Days, 0.5 Hours
177.36°
None
Iron Core, Silicate Surface
Slight
Earth is third planet from the Sun and the fifth largest planet in the solar
system. This section covers topics related to our Planet Earth including
links to Earth from space. Earth also exists life.
Earth (or the Earth) is the third planet from the Sun and the densest and
fifth-largest of the eight planets in the Solar System. It is also the largest
of the Solar System's four terrestrial planets. It is sometimes referred to as
the World, the Blue Planet
Quick Facts about Earth
Topic
Diameter
Density
Mass
Volume
Temperature Range
Atmosphere
Winds
Moons
Average Distance from Sun
Orbital Period
Rotation
Tilt
Rings
Composition
Magnetic Field
Data
12,756.28 km
5.515 g/cm3
5.976 x 1024 kg
1.087 x 1012 km3
-69° C to 58° C
Mostly Nitrogen and Oxygen
483 km/hr
One
149,597,870 km
1 Year, 0 Days, 0 Hours
23 Hours 56.1 Min
23.45°
None
Iron Core, Silicate Surface
Up to 362000 km from Surface
Mars has the largest canyon in the solar system. It would reach from Los
Angeles to Chicago if it was on Earth!
Mars has a very thin atmosphere, mostly carbon dioxide, but dust storms
can cover the whole planet for months at a time. About every two years
the Earth and Mars come close together. The planet has two moons,
Deimos and Phobos.
It would take about 6 months for a spacecraft to get to Mars but the crew
would have to wait a year and a half before returning. While there are no
current plans for a manned mission to Mars you can see some designs at
this NASA website, Mars Mission.
Quick Facts about Mars
Topic
Diameter
Density
Mass
Volume
Temperature Range
Atmosphere
Winds
Moons
Average Distance from Sun
Orbital Period
Data
6794.4 km
3.94 g/cm3
6.421 x 1023 kg
1.643 x 1011 km3
-140° C to 20° C
Mostly Carbon Dioxide
Up to 100 km/hr
2
227,940,000 km
1 Years, 320 Days, 18.2 Hours
Rotation
Tilt
Rings
Composition
Magnetic Field
1 Days, 0.67 Hours
25.19°
No
Iron Oxides and Silicates
Slight
Jupiter takes about 12 years to orbit the sun and rotates in about 10
hours. This short Jupiter "day" is amazing since the planet is roughly
11 Earth diameters wide.
Unlike the rocky planets, Jupiter is a ball of dense hydrogen, helium,
water, nitrogen and other gases over a tiny rocky core. Powerful
winds dominate the atmosphere with criss-crossing jet streams,
lightning and huge hurricane-like storms like the Great Red Spot.
This storm has been raging for over 300 years and is about 2 Earth
diameters wide. The Great Red Spot can be seen on Jupiter along
with four moons:
Quick Facts about Jupiter
Topic
Diameter
Density
Mass
Volume
Temperature Range
Atmosphere
Data
142,984 km
1.33 g/cm3
1.900 x 1027 kg
1.377 x 1015 km3
-163° C to >-121° C
Hydrogen, Helium, Methane
Winds
Moons
Average Distance from Sun
Orbital Period
Rotation
Tilt
Rings
Composition
Magnetic Field
Up to 150 m/s
60
778,330,000 km
11 Years, 315 Days, 1.1 Hours
0 Days, 9.925 Hours
3.13°
Yes
Hydrogen and Helium
Extends 1,600,000 km
Saturn and some of its moons can be seen in the composite
image at left. Four more moons were found in late 2000 and 9
more were discovered recently for a total of 31. Scientists are
tracking more objects that may be additional moons.
Quick Facts about Saturn
Topic
Diameter
Density
Mass
Volume
Temperature Range
Atmosphere
Data
120,536 km
0.69 g/cm3
5.688 x 1026 kg
8.183 x 1014 km3
-191° C to >-130° C
Hydrogen, Helium, Methane
Winds
Moons
Average Distance from Sun
Up to 400 m/s
31
1,429,400,000 km
Orbital Period
29 Years, 167 Days, 6.7 Hours
Rotation
Tilt
Rings
Composition
Magnetic Field
0 Days, 10.233 Hours
25.33°
Yes
Hydrogen and Helium
Extremely strong
The icy planet Uranus is a smaller version of Jupiter and not the small rocky
bodies like Earth. It have faint rings and a number of moons. Uranus takes
some 84 years to orbit the sun. It rotates on its side and so half the time one
pole is toward the sun and then the other making each of the four seasons
last about 20 years. The faint bluish color of the planet is because the
methane gas in the atmosphere absorbs red light and reflects blue light.
Quick Facts about Uranus
Topic
Diameter
Density
Mass
Volume
Temperature Range
Atmosphere
Data
51,118 km
1.29 g/cm3
8.686 x 1025 kg
6.995 x 1013 km3
-214° C to >-205° C
Hydrogen, Helium, Methane
Winds
Moons
Average Distance from Sun
Up to 160 m/s
16
2,870,990,000 km
Orbital Period
84 Years, 3 Days, 15.66 Hours
Rotation
Tilt
Rings
Composition
Magnetic Field
0 Days, 17.25 Hours
97.86°
Yes
Hydrogen and Helium
Extends 15 times planet radius
Blue Neptune is one of the solar system's gas giants. Unlike Earth, gas
giants are mostly hydrogen, helium, and methane gases. The methane
gas on Neptune gives the planet its blue color because the gas absorbs
red light and reflects the blue back into space. Although not seen in the
image the planet has a set of very faint rings.
Quick Facts about Neptune
Topic
Data
Diameter
49,572 km
Density
1.64 g/cm3
Mass
1.024 x 1026 kg
Volume
6.379 x 1013 km3
Temperature Range
-223° C to >-220° C
Atmosphere
Hydrogen, Helium, Methane
Winds
Moons
Average Distance from Sun
Up to 2400 m/s
13
4,504,300,000 km
Orbital Period
164 Years, 288 Days, 13.0 Hours
Rotation
Tilt
Rings
Composition
Magnetic Field
0 Days, 16.11 Hours
28.31°
Yes
Hydrogen and Helium
Up to 20 times its radius
Our Dwarf
Planet
Pluto is a small rocky object that lies at the very edge of the solar
system. The planet is so far out it takes light from the sun about 5
and one half hours to reach Pluto in contrast to the 8 minutes it
takes to reach Earth. Its orbit of about 248 years sometimes takes
it inside Neptune’s orbit. Pluto is so cold that nitrogen and
oxygen, which we breathe so easily on Earth, become frozen
solid. The planet is only about two-thirds the size of our moon
and up until recently was the biggest known object in the Kuiper
Belt.
Quick Facts about Pluto
Topic
Diameter
Density
Mass
Volume
Temperature Range
Atmosphere
Winds
Moons
Average Distance from Sun
Orbital Period
Data
2320 km
2.05 g/cm3
1.290 x 1022 kg
6.545 x 109 km3
-240° C to -218° C
Methane
Not Measurable
Three
5,913,520,000 km
248 Years, 197 Days, 5.5 Hours
Rotation
Tilt
Rings
Composition
6 Days, 9.25 Hours
122.52°
None
Frozen Methane and Other Ices
Magnetic Field
None
Thank you for
watching my
presentation!!!
- Shreyas Adicherla
By: Shreyas
Hello My Name Is
Shreyas, I Created
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Universe