Download Cell / Organ Review Parts of a cell: Cell Membrane: controls what

Cell / Organ Review
Parts of a cell:
Cell Membrane: controls what goes in and out of the cell. It is semi-permiable.
Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance that fills the cell – holds the organelles in place. Everything in the cell is found in the
cytoplasm.
Nucleus: The control center of tohe cell – Contains most of the genetic information and controls all of the activities of the cell
Mitochondria: The power house of the cell – provides the energy needed by extracting energy from food
Vacuole: storage center – organelles that have different functions.
Plant cells have larger vacuoles than animal cells.
Ribosomes: Organelles that make proteins – the main produce of the cell. These are the smallest part of the cell. They are
often attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi Apparatus: Postal service of the cell – receives proteins from the rough ER and sends them to the correct place in the
cell.
Lysosome: Clean up crew – chemicals that break down old melcules and waste products into parts that can be recycled into
new ones. These are common in animal cells, but are rare in animal cells.
Parts of a Plant Cell
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall: (only found in a plant) – A rigid outer barrier that supports and protects the cell
Chloroplast: (only found in a plant) – organelles that make food through photosynthesis. The plants convert sunlight into
sugar.
Diffusion – Movement of particles across a semipermeable membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration. This
continues until equilibrium is reached and the particles move across in both directions at equal speeds.
Osmosis – The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane.
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
CELLS  TISSUES  ORGANS  ORGAN SYSTEMS  ORGANISM
(SIMPLE)
(MOST COMPLEX)
SPECIALIZED CELLS: The cells each have their own jobs and work together to perform all functions.
SPECIALIZED TISSUES:
Plant Tissue

Transport (transports water and food)

Protective tissue (a covering that forms to protect the plant)

Ground Tissue (where photosynthesis takes palce)Observe and distinguish the cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, chloroplast,
and cytoplasm of cells.
Animal Tissue

Nerve – makes up your brain and nervous system. The nerves carry electrical impulses to the brain.

Muscle – performs the necessary movements and helps you to do things.

3 types of muscle tissue (cardiac, smooth, and skeletal)

Connective – holds bones and muscles together

Protective – skin shields body from the elements and helps it to maintain healthy levels of moisture and nutrients.
SPECIALIZED ORGANS:
Plant Organs

Leaves

Roots

Stems
Animal Organs

Groups of tissue that carry on a specific job in a living organism.

Examples include liver, heart, lungs, stomach, and kidneys.
ORGAN SYSTEMS: Several organs work together to form an organ system. Organs within the systems may overlap
Integumentary System
skin (also includes nails and hair)
1.
Protective covering of the
body
2.
Helps maintain
homeostasis
3.
Prevents water loss
4.
Barrier to microorganisms
5.
Fingernails protect tips of
fingers
6.
Muscular System
Muscles found along the walls of
1.
organs
Hair keeps body warm
Voluntary – we can control
movement
2.
Muscles throughout body
Involuntary – we do not
control movement
3.
Muscle fibers are long, thin
cells that allow muscles to
contract or relax and
enable us to move
Nervous System
4.
3 types of muscle
1.
Controls muscles and
maintains balance
2.
Controls all the other organ
systems
3.
Sense surroundings
4.
Sense environment inside
body
5.
Prepare body to fight or
flee in an emergency
Digestive System
6.
Use language
1.
Eliminates waste
2.
Maintains water and
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver,
pancreas, small and large intestine
Excretory System
Kidneys, bladder, skin, lungs
chemical balance
Respiratory System
Nose, mouth, air passages, lungs
1.
Carries air into and out of
lungs
2.
Gases (oxygen and carbon
dioxide) are exchanged
Skeletal System
Bones
1.
Provides structure
2.
Supports and protects
internal organs
Circulatory System
Heart, blood vessels, blood
1.
Transports nutrients and
wastes to and from all
body tissues
Endocrine System
Works with the nervous system to
1.
Works with the nervous
send chemical signals throughout
system to send chemical
body
signals throughout the
body
Miscellaneous facts to know:
1.
Robert Hooke –first man to see cells. He made a microscope in 1665.
2.
Anton von Leeuwenhoek build a microscope and saw tiny animals in pond water. They were later classified as protists. He
was the first person to see bacteria.
3.
4.
Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann developed the cell theory.