Download WORLD WAR II

WORLD WAR II
1941-1945
Quiz
 1. 2. The expansionist and aggressive actions of two nations led
to the outbreak of WWII. Name these two countries.
 3.What impact did World War II have on the U.S. economy?
 4. True or False: American war production and factory output
were key factors in the Allied victory of World War II.
 5. True or False: World War II reduced the number of job
opportunities for women, African Americans, and other
minorities in the U.S.
What were the Primary Causes of
World War II ?
 1. Terms
of the Treaty of Versailles at the end of
WWI-harsh terms for Germany
 2. Failure of appeasement
 3. The rise of dictators and the aggressive
(expansionist) actions of Germany and
Japan
 4. Failure of the League of Nations to keep world
peace
 5. Global economic crisis of the 1930s led to
problems in many countries.
WWII: Allied and Axis Powers
Allied Powers
 Great Britain
 France
 Soviet Union
 U.S. (1941)
 China
 (Italy joins Allies
after war begins)
Axis Powers
 Germany
 Italy
 Japan
Statistics on WWII
 No war in history killed more people or destroyed
more property than WWII .
 WWII was a TOTAL war. Over 70 nations took part
in the fighting.
 Over 70,000,000 people served the armed forces
during the war.
What impact did WWII have on the
U.S.?
 1. The U.S. emerged from the conflict with the most
powerful military in the world.
 2. It ended the Great Depression and put Americans to
work
 3. It changed the roles and expectations of women and
minorities
 4. WWII increased the size and power of the federal
government.
 5. The war marked the beginning of the nuclear age and
the commitment of the U.S. to an active role in
international affairs.
Mobilizing for War
How did U.S. industries help the
Allies win WWII?
 U.S. quickly converted factories to war production: planes, rifles,
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tanks, ammunition, uniforms, etc…
U.S. workers produced 2x more supplies than German workers
and 5x the war materials as Japanese workers.
3. Automobile factories produced tanks and trucks instead of cars.
4. Ford Motor company set up an assembly line for B-24 bombers
5. By the end of the war, the auto industry produced almost onethird of all military equipment for the war.
***American war production (industrial power) turned the tide in
favor of the Allies
NOTE: America was a third rate military power in 1940. By 1945 it was
producing more weapons and firepower than the rest of the world put
together.
Women workers groom lines of transparent noses for deadly A-20 attack bombers
(1942) At Henry Ford's gigantic new plant at Willow Run, outside Detroit, an assembly
line a mile long poured out B-24 bombers at a rate of a plane every 63 minutes.
What steps did the U.S. Government
take to promote production?
 1. Cost Plus Contracts-the government offered
companies the cost of production plus a guaranteed
profit to produce war supplies
 2. Reconstruction Finance Corporation –loaned
money to companies to convert to wartime
production
What were Liberty Ships?
 Liberty ship- basic cargo ship during WWII
 Welded, not riveted, the ship was easy and cheap to
build and much harder to sink than a riveted ship.
 Damaged Liberty ships were easier to repair.
Victory
Ships ready
for cargo
Line up of some of women welders including the
women's welding champion of Ingalls
[Shipbuilding Corp., Pascagoula, MS].
What new agencies did the Government set
up to organized the war effort?
 War Production Board—set priorities for war
production and organized the distribution of raw
materials and supplies to companies.
 Office of War Mobilization– settled arguments
between different agencies over supplies
 *** WWII increases the power and size of the
federal government and its control over the
economy.
What steps were taken to build up
the U.S. Armed Forces?
 Selective Service and Training Act –(1940)
first peacetime draft in American military
history
 G.I. Bill of Rights –granted benefits and
rights those who served in the military
 Basic Training camps were set up across the
nation
 Women and minorities served in the
military
What was military service like for
minorities?
 Segregated Army –African Americans served in
WWII but in separate units and facilities. Blacks
were often assigned to support units.
 Double V Campaign—African Americans said they
were fighting for double victory
victory over Hitler’s racism
victory over racism at home
 Native Americans –used their language and served
as “code talkers” to sent coded messages during
the war.
Tuskegee Airmen
African American Soldier
http://www.history.com/videos/tuskegeeairman-luther-smith
Native Americans in WWII—”Code Talkers”
Comanche Code Talkers, WWII
What jobs did women perform the
military during WWII?
 Women’s Army Corps (WAC) –women were barred
from combat, but they were allowed to join the
armed forces and take jobs to free men for combat.
They worked as secretaries, drivers, nurses
 WASPS-Women Air Force Service Pilots –ferried
planes across the United States freeing up male
pilots for combat
 ***WWII opened up many opportunities for
women in the military and in the workforce that
had been off limits to them before the war.
Women Air Force Service Pilots
WACS Video
 http://www.history.com/shows/wwii-in-
hd/videos/women-in-the-cockpit
The Holocaust
was the genocide of approximately six
million European Jews during World War
II, a program of systematic statesponsored extermination by Nazi
Germany. Two-thirds of the population of
nine million Jews who had resided in
Europe before the Holocaust were killed.
Facts about the Holocaust
1.
6,000,000 Jews and 4,000,000 other Europeans were
killed by the Nazis during WWII.
2. Two-thirds of the population of nine million Jews who
had resided in Europe before the Holocaust were killed.
3. Nazis persecuted Jews, Gypsies, homosexuals, Slavs, and
the disabled.
Nuremberg Laws (1935)
 Stripped German Jews of their rights and
freedoms
 Took away their citizenship
 Jews could not marry other Germans
 Jews could not hold public office or vote
 Passports were marked with a red “J” and they
were required to wear the yellow star of David
 Jews could not work in many jobs=journalists,
farmers, teachers, doctors, attorneys, or operate
businesses
An event unseen since the Middle Ages occurs as German
students from universities formerly regarded as among the
finest in the world, gather in Berlin and other German cities to
burn books with "unGerman" ideas. Books by Freud, Einstein,
Thomas Mann, Jack London, H.G. Wells and many others go up
in flames as they give the Nazi salute. May 10, 1933.
A hundred years earlier, the
German-Jewish poet,
Heinrich Heine, had stated,
"Where books are burned,
human beings are destined
to be burned too."
What was Kristallnacht? “Night of
Broken Glass”
The German police staged attacks
against Jews.
•One report stated 7500 businesses
had been destroyed and 267
synagogues burned. 91 Jews lost their
lives.
Jewish Refugees Try to Flee
Germany
 Albert Einstein escaped from Germany (Nobel Peace
Prize, 1921) His scientific theories led to the
creation of the first atomic bomb.
 Anne Frank’s family went into hiding
 Some fled Germany only to be turned away from
other countries including Cuba, Mexico, Paraguay,
Argentina, and Costa Rica.
 In 1939, a ship full of Jewish refugees off the coast of
Florida waited for days for permission to dock in
the U.S. before they were turned away.
What was the “The Final Solution”
to the “Jewish Problem?”
 Concentration Camps—Jews were loaded onto
railroad cars and transported to camps where they
worked as slave laborers.
 Extermination camps– the weak, elderly and
handicapped were executed in gas chambers. These
mass executions increased in number during the
war.
Victims of the Holocaust
Why Did the Holocaust Take Place?
(Reasons why the Holocaust Occurred)
 1. The German sense of injury after WWI
 2. Severe economic problems blamed on the
Jews
 3. Hitler’s control over the German nation
 4. Europe had a long tradition of anti-Semitism
(prejudice and persecution of Jews)
 5. The lack of a strong tradition of representative
government in Germany
 6. German fear of Hitler’s secret police
USE YOUR NOTES AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING
QUESTIONS ON NOTEBOOK PAPER:
 1. List at least 5 ways WWII opened up opportunities for women and
minorities.
 2. What factors contributed to the onset of the Holocaust?
 3. In what ways did the U.S. contribute to the Allied victory in WWII?
 Place your work in the tray
WWII: Early Battles
1939- War begins
in Europe
1941-U.S.
enters the war
1945-WWII
ends
World War II
Who were the primary political
leaders involved in WWII?
 U.S.—Franklin D. Roosevelt (Harry Truman)
 Great Britain---Winston Churchill
 Soviet Union---Joseph Stalin
 Germany—Adolf Hitler
 Italy –Benito Mussolini
 Japan—Hirohito and military leaders
Stalin, FDR, and Churchill
Where did the U.S. Fight WWII on
Two Fronts?
1. In the Pacific against
Japan
2. In Europe and North
Africa against Germany and
Italy
 Axis Powers
December 1939
Axis Powers
December 1940
 Axis (Black)
December
1941
Axis
December
1942
What were the important early
battles of WWII? (1941-1942)
 U.S. entered WWII in 1941.
 By late 1942, the Allies had stopped the German and
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Japanese advance.
The U.S. fought a war on two fronts and managed to gain
the upper hand against Hitler and the Axis powers.
May 1942—Fall of the Philippines
Battle of the Coral Sea
June 1942– Battle of Midway
February 1943—Germans defeated at Stalingrad
May 1943– Germans driven out of North Africa
Pearl Harbor
 US Enters WWII
Major Early Battles, 1941-1943
Pacific
1942 Japan takes the Philippines
1942 U.S. wins the Battle of the
Coral Sea
1942 U.S. wins the Battle of
Midway
Europe and North Africa
1943 Soviets defeat the Germans at
Stalingrad
1943 Germans Driven out of North
Africa
War in the Pacific:
How did the U.S. lose the Philippines?
(1942)
 A few hours after Pearl Harbor the Japanese
attacked American airfields in the Philippines.
 General Douglas MacArthur was driven from the
islands. He vowed to return.
 Bataan Death March: The Japanese captured 75,000
POWs and forced them to walk 65 miles to a prison
camp.
“ They’d halt us in front of these big artesian
wells… so we could see the water and they
wouldn’t let us have any. Anyone who would make a
break for water would be shot or bayoneted. Then
they were left there. Finally, it got so bad further
along the road that you never got away from the
stench of death. There were bodies laying all along
the road in various degrees of decomposition—
swollen. Burst open, maggots crawling by the
thousands.”
--quoted in Death March:The Survivors of Bataan
What was the Doolittle Raid?
(April, 1942 )
 After the attack on Pearl Harbor, FDR was looking for a
way to raise the morale of the American people.
 He authorized a surprise bombing of Tokyo (Japan)
using 16 bombers launched from an aircraft carrier in the
Pacific.
 Jimmy Doolittle and his men dropped their bombs and
then crash-landed across the border in China.
 The raid inflicted very little damage, but it did boost
American morale.
Jimmy Doolittle
 Medal of Honor
Distinguished Service Medal (2)
Silver Star
Distinguished Flying Cross (3)
Air Medal (4)
Test Pilot
Instructor
Military Career
MIT
Why was the Battle of Midway an important
turning point in WWII? (1942)
 The U.S. under the command of Admiral Chester Nimitz
defeated Japan at the Battle of Midway.
(Most of the American pilots had never flown in combat.)
 The Japanese Navy lost 4 of its largest aircraft carriers. They
never fully recovered.
 U.S. code breakers gave the Americans the advantage in the
Battle of Midway and the Battle of the Coral Sea by giving
them advance warning of the planned attacks.
Europe and North Africa, 19411943
 The Allies did not agree on the best way to defeat
Hitler in Europe.
 Joseph Stalin wanted the Americans and the British to
attack Germany from the east to take pressure off the
Soviet Union.
 Churchill and FDR felt they should start at the edges
of the Germany empire –the periphery.
 FDR sent troops to North Africa (Morocco and Algeria)
North African Campaign
 The Allies invaded North Africa.
 Americans troops under General Dwight D. Eisenhower
defeated the German troops in May 1943.
 http://www.history.com/shows/wwii-in-hd/videos/north-
africa-campaign#north-africa-campaign
Attack in North Africa
U.S. Tank Crew
Generals MacArthur and George
Marshall
War in Europe
General Montgomery
General George Patton
U.S. Fighting in Italy
What was the Battle of the Atlantic?
 The Allies and Axis powers fought for control of the
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Atlantic.
America cargo ships were easy target for German
submarines
By 1942, the U.S. had lost 360 ships—many were oil tankers.
In May and June over 1.1 million tons of shipping were
sunk.
To protect their ships, the U.S. Navy used a convoy system:
groups of cargo ships were escorted by navy warships.
The U.S. used new technology to protect ships: radar,
sonar, and depth charges. The Americans also produced
more ships than the Germans sank.
Battle of the Atlantic
Battle of Stalingrad
What Happened when the
Germans Attacked the Soviet City
of Stalingrad? (1942)
 For months the Germans bombed the city but
Stalin refused to give up
 The Germans took control of Stalingrad, but when
winter came the Soviets trapped them in the city.
Many starved or froze to death.
 The Germans surrendered in Feb., 1943, and from
this point on the Soviets moved steadily westward
toward Germany.
 ***Victory at Stalingrad was considered a turning
point in the war against Germany.
Video Stalingrad
 http://www.history.com/videos/battle-at-
midway#command-decisions-stalingrad-joseph-stalinrussian-front-world-war-ii-world-war-2-the-history-channel
 http://www.history.com/videos/battle-atmidway#command-decisions-stalingrad---deserters
 ***http://www.history.com/shows/wwii-inhd/videos/north-africa-campaign#world-war-ii-battle-ofstalingrad (COLOR)
 http://www.history.com/shows/wwii-in-hd/videos/battleiwo-jima#world-war-ii-battle-of-stalingrad
Early Battles: Why did they matter?
 By 1943 the Allies had halted German and Japanese
advances.
 The Battle of Stalingrad in Europe and the Battle of Midway
in the Pacific put the Axis powers on the defensive.
 Axis Powers
December 1939
Axis Powers
December 1940
 Axis (Black)
December
1941
Axis
December
1942
The Home Front: WWII
Transforms America
How Did WWII Transform the Nation?
1. ***Massive industrial expansion and output= prosperity
2. Americans went back to WORK
3. Rationing and managing the wartime economy
4. Paying for the war
5. Increase in science and technology
6. Japanese Internment
How did Women and Minorities
Benefit from WWII?
 Women, blacks and Hispanics took jobs that had
been filled by white males.
 Women gained attention for their abilities to
perform jobs many thought only men could do.
 African Americans and other minorities served in
the armed services.
Rosie the Riveter
How did Americans at Home
Support the War Effort?
 Rationing of goods at home
 Planted Victory Gardens
 Bought E Bonds to help fund the war
 Turned in scrap metal
 Hollywood celebrities promoted the
war effort
 War posters and movies
Sugar Rationing
Why were Japanese Americans
placed in internment camps during
WWII?
During WWII Japanese Americans were relocated to
internment camps away from the West coast. Many were
concerned that Japanese Americans were spies or
supported the Japanese attack on the U.S.
The imprisonment of American citizens is considered one
of the greatest infringement of the basic rights guaranteed
by the U.S. Constitution.
Korematsu v United States–U.S. Supreme Court ruled that
the relocation was constitutional because it was based on
military urgency, not race.
German POWs in Mississippi
Analyze the Supreme Court Decision:
Korematsu v. United States (1944)
 Page 596
 Decision of the Court:
 Significance of the ruling:
The Final Years of War
1943-1945
Major Battles, 1943-1945
Pacific
“Island Hopping “
Europe
 Tarawa
 D-Day (June 1944)
 Guadalcanal
 Battle of the Bulge-last
 Leyte Gulf
(Philippines)
 Okinawa
 Iwo Jima
major offensive by the
Germans. They were
defeated
Eisenhower gives orders for D-Day
D-Day invasion, June 6, 1944
http://www.history.com/shows/america-thestory-of-us/videos/d-day-invasion#d-dayinvasion
Facts
http://www.history.com/videos/d-dayinvasion-of-europe#d-day-invasion-ofeurope
Election of 1944
Battle of the Bulge: Bloodiest Battle of
WWII—lost 19,000 Americans
Battle of the Bulge
1945: The War Ends
1. The Third Reich collapses (Germany)
2. Franklin Roosevelt dies and Harry Truman becomes
president
3. The war is over in Europe (V-E Day)
4. The first atomic bomb is used by the United States on
Japan
5. Japan is defeated (V-J Day)
6. The United Nations is created
7. German leaders are tried for war crimes: The
Nuremberg Trials
Adolph Hitler Commits Suicide, April
30, 1945
Churchill: The War is Over
Harry Truman at Potsdam, Germany,
1945
The End of the War in the Pacific
1945
War in the Pacific
Japanese Kamikaze Pilots
Atomic Bombs: “Little Boy” and “Fat
Man”
V
End of the War
Why was WWII the Deadliest War in
World History?
 1. Cities were bombed—civilians died in numbers
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like never before
2. 11,000,000 died in the Holocaust
3. Improved technology led to higher death tolls
(including the atomic bomb)
4. Total military and civilian deaths were over
between 60 and 70 million world wide (WWI=10
million)
4. U.S. lost 320,000 and another 800,000 wounded
What was the long term significance of
the Allied victory WWII?
 The U.S. emerged from WWII a global military,
political, and industrial leader. The nation’s
economy was very strong.
 At the end of WWII the U.S. and the Soviet Union
emerged as the two major world powers for the
next 40 years.
 WWII marked the beginning of the nuclear age
(nuclear weapons)
Video
 Japanese internment History Channel
http://www.history.com/shows/wwii-inhd/videos/d-days#japanese-internment-inamerica
Video Concentration Camp
Liberation-History Channel
 http://www.history.com/shows/wwii-in-hd/videos/d-
days#concentration-camp-liberation
http://www.history.com/topics/world-warii/videos#d-day-invasion-of-normandy
Allies attempt sabotage using
exploding rats
http://www.history.com/videos/strangenazi-sabotage