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Psychological disorders characterized by distressing worry, fear, and apprehension or maladaptive behaviors that reduce apprehension. Somatoform Disorders Psychological Disorder Psychological disorders in which the symptoms take a bodily form without an apparent physical cause Patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that are atypical, dysfunctional, distressing, and/or unjustifiable Mood Disorders How did I get here? Who am I? Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes Anxiety Disorders Dissociative Disorders Psychological disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings A widely used system for classifying disorders Personality Disorders Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning Schizophrenia A group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions Medical Model The concept that psychological disorders have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a Diagnostic and Statistics Manual hospital of Mental Disorders Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Treatment Therapy deriving from the belief that disorders are the result of individuals responding to unconscious forces and conflict and childhood experiences. Goal is to enhance insight Therapy that helps clients promote growth and accept responsibility for conscious feelings and actions by focusing on the present and future. Cognitive Therapy Behavior Therapy Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting, based on the assumption thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors Humanistic Treatment Free Association A psychoanalytic technique in which the patient says whatever comes to mind in an effort to tap into the unconscious mind Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy In psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships, such as love or hatred for a parent An integrative therapy that combines changing selfdefeating thoughts with changing behaviors Client-centered therapy A humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers in which the therapist uses active listening within a genuine, accepting, and empathic environment to facilitate clients’ growth Systematic Desensitization A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli Transference Counterconditioning Cognitive therapist who sought to reverse clients’ catastrophizing beliefs about themselves, situations, and the future by revealing irrational thinking and replacing it with realistic thoughts A behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors Did I lock the door? Did I leave the door unlocked? Obsessions Unwanted repetitive thoughts Token Economy Aaron Beck An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats Compulsions Theory that the positive symptoms of schizophrenia result from overactivity of dopamine receptors Unwanted repetitive actions and rituals Hallucinations The Others are after me because I know their secrets! Sensory experiences without sensory stimulation, most frequently auditory. Delusions Rosenhan Study False beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur The findings showed the biasing power of diagnostic labels. We perceive normal behavior as abnormal if the person is labeled as having a disorder. Dopamine Hypothesis Psychological Disorders/Abnormal Psychology and Treatment Instructions: 1. Pair each picture/word with its appropriate definition or description. When you have this completed, check with your instructor to determine your accuracy. 2. Remove all the definition/description cards and place them to the side. With the picture cards try the following: Disorders and Treatment Organization: Categorize the cards into as many groups as you can. Pick two: each person picks two cards and explains to the others how they relate (no sharing cards) Pick two opposites: each person picks two cards and explains to the others how they are opposite (no sharing cards) Most to least: Order your cards from most common to least common disorders, most disturbing to least disturbing disorders, most effective to least effective treatment Most confident to least confident: Separate your cards into two piles- concepts you are most confident about and concepts you are least confident about. If there is disagreement among group members, help explain the concepts to each other.