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The Expansive Realm of Islam Islam – Submission to the will of God Muslim – One who submits Mosque – Muslim house of worship World Muslims • 1.2 billion, Muslims represent between 19.2% and 22% of the world's population. • One of every five humans in the world is a Muslim • Second largest religion in the world • Fastest growing including Europe and America World Distribution of Muslims Africa 308,660,000 27.4% Asia 778,362,000 69.1% Europe 32,032,000 2.8% Latin America 1,356,000 0.1% North America 5,530,000 0.5% World 1,126,325,000 100% IslamAn Abrahamic Religion Muslims are strict monotheists. They believe in the JudeoChristian God, which they call Allah. Muslims believe that the Torah and the Bible, like the Qur’an, is the word of God. Peoples of the Book Abraham’s Genealogy HAGAR ABRAHAM Ishmael 12 Arabian Tribes SARAH Isaac Jacob 12 Tribes of Israel Esau The Prophetic Tradition Adam Noah Abraham Moses Jesus Muhammad Muhammad • Descendant of Ishmael, the first son of Abraham. • Born in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, in the year 570 C.E. to a merchant family • Marries wealthy widow 595, works as a merchant • Familiarity with paganism, Christianity and Judaism as practiced in Arabian peninsula • Received first revelation at the age 40 through angel Gabriel. • Died in the year 632 C.E, after preaching Islam for 23 years. Origins of the Qur’an Muhammad received his first revelation from the angel Gabriel in the Cave of Hira in 610. 622 Hijrah Muhammad flees Mecca for Medina. * The beginning of the Muslim calendar (year 1) Muhammad’s revelations were compiled into the Qur’an after his death. Quran: The Holy Book • Original intact as given by • the Prophet in Arabic 23 Years of Revelations (610 - 632 C.E.) The Ka’ba The Ka’ba The Holy Mosque – Mecca, Saudi Arabia The 5 Pillars of Faith in Islam • 1. Must acknowledge Allah as the only God and • • • • Muhammad as his prophet 2. Must pray daily facing Mecca 3. Must fast during daylight hours of Ramadan 4. Contribute alms (charity) for the poor 5. Undertake the Hajj (like Muhammad did) and make one pilgrimage to Mecca in your lifetime 1. Profession of Faith • All Muslims must profess their faith at least once in their lives • Generally do this each time they pray • “There is no God but Allah and Mohammad is his Prophet.” 2. Prayers (Salah) • Five Daily Prayers from Dawn to Late Evening • • • regulate a Muslim’s day Prayers involve ablution, standing, bowing, prostrating, sitting postures Face Ka’ba, prayers in Arabic as taught by the Prophet. Additional Prayers optional 3. Charity (The Zakat) Almsgiving (charitable donations). Muslims believe that all things belong to God. Zakat means both “purification” and “growth.” About 2.5% of your income. 3 4. Fasting (During Ramadan) • 002.183 O ye who believe! Fasting is prescribed to you as it was prescribed to those before you, that ye may (learn) self-restraint. (The Quran) • Ramadan is 9th month in Islamic Lunar calendar • Daily dawn to sunset fast for 29/30 days (no food • or drink) Eidul-Fitr Holiday at the end 5. The Hajj The pilgrimage to Mecca. Must be done at least once in a Muslim’s lifetime. 2-3 million Muslims make the pilgrimage every year. 5 Muslims at Prayer The Mosque The Muslim place of worship. The Dome of the Rock Mosque in Jerusalem Mount Moriah Rock where Muhammad ascended into heaven. Other Islamic Religious Practices Up to four wives allowed at once. No alcohol or pork. No gambling. Sharia body of Islamic law to regulate daily living. Three holiest cities in Islam: * Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem. Food 002.172 O ye who believe! Eat of the good things that We have provided for you, and be grateful to God, if it is Him ye worship. Forbidden: • • • • • Meat of animals found dead blood the flesh of swine Alcoholic beverages (such as beer and wine) and intoxicants Meat on which name of God is not invoked at time of slaughtering or meat on which some one else’s name is invoked Permitted: food of the People of the Book Muslim Students • • • • Ramadan, Eidul-Fitr Eidul-Adha, Hajj Head scarves by Muslim girls Christmas and Halloween are not Muslim religious holidays • Dating, Prom are not permitted • Sex Education: abstinence • out of marriage sex and homosexuality are grave sins Essential Question: Why was Islam able to spread so quickly and convert so many to the new religion? The Spread of Islam Easy to learn and practice. No priesthood. Teaches equality. Non-Muslims, who were “Peoples of the Book,” were allowed religious freedom, but paid additional taxes (jizya tax). Easily “portable” nomads & trade routes. Jihad (“Holy War”) against pagans and other non-believers (“infidels”). Review / Warm-up Questions • 1. How is the Quran and sharia different? How are they alike? • 2. How did early Muslim empires generally treat conquered, non-Muslim peoples? • 3. What contributed to Islam’s rapid spread in its early years (7th and 8th centuries C.E.)? Essential Questions #1 • How/when did Islam become divided into Sunni and Shia sects? • What makes the two different from one another? Sunni vs. Shia Muslim Muslims in the World Today Countries with the Largest Muslim Population 1. Indonesia 183,000,000 6. Iran 62,000,000 2. Pakistan 134,000,000 7. Egypt 59,000,000 3. India 121,000,000 8. Nigeria 53,000,000 4. Bangladesh 114,000,000 9. Algeria 31,000,000 10. Morocco 29,000,000 5. Turkey 66,000,000 * Arabs make up only 20% of the total Muslim population of the world. Essential Questions #2 • Analyze the role and status of women in the Islamic world. How has their status changed over time? – Consider: • 1. What is the status of women as far as the Quran is concerned? • 2. The Veiling of women (where did it come from? Why was/is it done; what does it reflect / significance?) • 3. Segregation of the sexes (where, why, how)? The expansion of Islam, 632733 C.E. Silk Roads – During the time of Islamic expansion Battle of Talas River – 751 C.E. • Diffusion of paper manufacturing from China to the Arab world The Compass • First developed by the • Qin Dynasty c. 200 BCE Diffused to the Muslim world Lateen Sail • Greater maneuverability for ships The Astrolabe • Diffused to the • Muslim world from the Mediterranean Used to calculate latitude The Islamic World – The “Heartbeat” of the Eastern Hemisphere’s Trading Network -Large-scale business conducted -Currency exchangers -Branch banks with credit (sakks – checks) Islamic law recognized business ventures