Download The Expansive Realm of Islam

The Expansive Realm of Islam
Islam – Submission to the will of God
Muslim – One who submits
Mosque – Muslim house of worship
World Muslims
• 1.2 billion, Muslims represent
between 19.2% and 22% of the
world's population.
• One of every five humans in the
world is a Muslim
• Second largest religion in the world
• Fastest growing including Europe
and America
World Distribution of Muslims
Africa
308,660,000
27.4%
Asia
778,362,000
69.1%
Europe
32,032,000
2.8%
Latin America
1,356,000
0.1%
North America
5,530,000
0.5%
World
1,126,325,000 100%
IslamAn Abrahamic Religion
 Muslims are strict monotheists.

They believe in the JudeoChristian God, which they call
Allah.

Muslims believe that the Torah
and the Bible, like the Qur’an,
is the word of God.
Peoples of the Book
Abraham’s Genealogy
HAGAR
ABRAHAM
Ishmael
12 Arabian
Tribes
SARAH
Isaac
Jacob
12 Tribes of
Israel
Esau
The Prophetic Tradition
Adam
Noah
Abraham
Moses
Jesus
Muhammad
Muhammad
• Descendant of Ishmael, the first son of Abraham.
• Born in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, in the year 570 C.E. to a
merchant family
• Marries wealthy widow 595, works as a merchant
• Familiarity with paganism, Christianity and Judaism
as practiced in Arabian peninsula
• Received first revelation at the age 40 through angel
Gabriel.
• Died in the year 632 C.E, after preaching Islam for 23
years.
Origins of the Qur’an
 Muhammad received his first
revelation from the angel
Gabriel in the Cave of Hira in 610.

622  Hijrah  Muhammad
flees Mecca for Medina.
* The beginning of the
Muslim calendar (year 1)

Muhammad’s revelations were
compiled into the Qur’an after
his death.
Quran: The Holy Book
• Original intact as given by
•
the Prophet in Arabic
23 Years of Revelations
(610 - 632 C.E.)
The Ka’ba
The Ka’ba
The Holy Mosque – Mecca,
Saudi Arabia
The 5 Pillars of Faith in Islam
• 1. Must acknowledge Allah as the only God and
•
•
•
•
Muhammad as his prophet
2. Must pray daily facing Mecca
3. Must fast during daylight hours of Ramadan
4. Contribute alms (charity) for the poor
5. Undertake the Hajj (like Muhammad did) and
make one pilgrimage to Mecca in your lifetime
1. Profession of Faith
• All Muslims must profess their faith at
least once in their lives
• Generally do this each time they pray
• “There is no God but Allah and
Mohammad is his Prophet.”
2. Prayers
(Salah)
• Five Daily Prayers from Dawn to Late Evening
•
•
•
regulate a Muslim’s day
Prayers involve ablution, standing, bowing,
prostrating, sitting postures
Face Ka’ba, prayers in Arabic as taught by the
Prophet.
Additional Prayers optional
3. Charity (The Zakat)
 Almsgiving (charitable
donations).

Muslims believe that all things
belong to God.

Zakat means both “purification”
and “growth.”

About 2.5% of your income.
3
4. Fasting (During
Ramadan)
• 002.183 O ye who believe! Fasting is prescribed
to you as it was prescribed to those before you,
that ye may (learn) self-restraint. (The Quran)
• Ramadan is 9th month in Islamic Lunar calendar
• Daily dawn to sunset fast for 29/30 days (no food
•
or drink)
Eidul-Fitr Holiday at the end
5. The Hajj
 The pilgrimage to Mecca.

Must be done at least once in a
Muslim’s lifetime.

2-3 million Muslims make the
pilgrimage
every
year.
5
Muslims at Prayer
The Mosque
 The Muslim place of worship.
The Dome of the Rock Mosque in
Jerusalem
Mount Moriah Rock
where Muhammad ascended into heaven.
Other Islamic Religious Practices
 Up to four wives allowed at once.

No alcohol or pork.

No gambling.

Sharia  body of Islamic law to
regulate daily living.

Three holiest cities in Islam:
* Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem.
Food
002.172 O ye who believe! Eat of the good things that
We have provided for you, and be grateful to God, if it
is Him ye worship.
Forbidden:
•
•
•
•
•
Meat of animals found dead
blood
the flesh of swine
Alcoholic beverages (such as beer and wine) and intoxicants
Meat on which name of God is not invoked at time of
slaughtering or meat on which some one else’s name is
invoked
Permitted: food of the People of the Book
Muslim Students
•
•
•
•
Ramadan, Eidul-Fitr
Eidul-Adha, Hajj
Head scarves by Muslim girls
Christmas and Halloween are not Muslim religious
holidays
• Dating, Prom are not permitted
• Sex Education: abstinence
• out of marriage sex and homosexuality are grave
sins
Essential Question:
Why was Islam
able to spread so
quickly and convert
so many to the
new religion?
The Spread of Islam

Easy to learn and practice.

No priesthood.

Teaches equality.
Non-Muslims, who were “Peoples of
the Book,” were allowed religious
freedom, but paid additional taxes
(jizya tax).


Easily “portable”  nomads & trade
routes.

Jihad (“Holy War”) against pagans
and other non-believers (“infidels”).
Review / Warm-up Questions
• 1. How is the Quran and sharia different?
How are they alike?
• 2. How did early Muslim empires generally
treat conquered, non-Muslim peoples?
• 3. What contributed to Islam’s rapid
spread in its early years (7th and 8th
centuries C.E.)?
Essential Questions #1
• How/when did Islam become divided into
Sunni and Shia sects?
• What makes the two different from one
another?
Sunni vs. Shia Muslim
Muslims in the World
Today
Countries with the Largest Muslim
Population
1. Indonesia
183,000,000
6. Iran
62,000,000
2. Pakistan
134,000,000
7. Egypt
59,000,000
3. India
121,000,000
8. Nigeria
53,000,000
4. Bangladesh
114,000,000
9. Algeria
31,000,000
10. Morocco
29,000,000
5. Turkey
66,000,000
* Arabs make up only 20% of the total
Muslim population of the world.
Essential Questions #2
• Analyze the role and status of women in
the Islamic world. How has their status
changed over time?
– Consider:
• 1. What is the status of women as far as the
Quran is concerned?
• 2. The Veiling of women (where did it come from?
Why was/is it done; what does it reflect /
significance?)
• 3. Segregation of the sexes (where, why, how)?
The expansion of Islam, 632733 C.E.
Silk Roads – During the time of
Islamic expansion
Battle of Talas River – 751 C.E.
• Diffusion of paper manufacturing from
China to the Arab world
The Compass
• First developed by the
•
Qin Dynasty c. 200
BCE
Diffused to the
Muslim world
Lateen Sail
• Greater
maneuverability for
ships
The Astrolabe
• Diffused to the
•
Muslim world from
the Mediterranean
Used to calculate
latitude
The Islamic World – The “Heartbeat” of the
Eastern Hemisphere’s Trading Network
-Large-scale business conducted
-Currency exchangers
-Branch banks with credit (sakks –
checks)
Islamic law recognized business ventures