Download Greek Philosophers Greek and Roman lecture 2

Monday, September 14th
AGENDA
• LECTURE: Introduction to
Ancient Greece and Rome
– handout
ANNOUNCEMENTS
• Bring log books to class
every day
• Tuesday, 9/15:
OPEN
HOUSE
Wednesday, September 10th
AGENDA
• Name Tags out facing me
• Entry Ticket
• Finish Introduction to
Greece/Rome
– Get out handout & “Mental
Virtues” article
ANNOUNCEMENTS
• No homework!
Friday, September 12
AGENDA
• Library
– Honors – College Bound
Reading list
– Non-honors – free choice!
ANNOUNCEMENTS
• No homework
Tips on Taking Lecture Notes
• Listen to my voice – what words I…
– Repeat/emphasize are important
• Make your notes BRIEF!
– Write key words/phrases
• Use abbreviations
– Gr = Greek
– R = Roman
Essential Question
• If the goal of society is to create a just state,
then where does the line fall between the
private individual and the public citizen?
• How do Greece and Rome define a “just
state”?
The Idiots
• Greek origin of word
– “private, separate, self-centered selfish
Idiots DO NOT take part in public life!
Why is that a problem???
Idiots DO NOT worry about the public good!
Why is that a problem???
PRIVATE INDIVIDUAL VERSUS THE PUBLIC CITIZEN!
ANCIENT GREECE
“The Greeks dreamt the dream of life
best.”
-Oscar Wilde
ANCIENT ROME
De Nobis Fabula Narratur
GEOGRAPHY
CHARACTERISTICS
of Greece and Rome
ANCIENT GREECE
• ARETE
ANCIENT ROME
• ADOPT AND
ADAPT
“ARETE”
• Arete (Greek) virtue; excellence; fulfillment of
one’s highest potential and purpose in life
• What historical figures have reached their
highest potential?
ADOPT AND ADAPT
• Adopt a good idea and make it great!
GREEK VIRTUES- “Arete”
• SOPHROSUNE
– Moderation; Temperance
• DIKAISUNE
– Justice
• HOSIOTES
– Piety
• ANDREIA
– Courage
What Greek virtue did the 6 “Mental
Virtues” have in common???
Socrates on ARETE
• “For I go about nothing else than urging you,
young and old, not to care for your property
more than for the perfection of your souls, or
even so much; and I tell you that virtue does
not come from money, but from virtue comes
money and all other good things to man, both
to the individual and to the state.”
Roman Virtues: Via Romana
• Pietas
– Duty to the State
• Industria
– Hard Work (remember: What works is work!)
• Justica
– Sensible laws and governance
• Nobilitas
-Nobel action within the public sphere
Compare & Contrast
• What are the differences between Greek
virtues and Roman virtues?
• What are the similarities?
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle (SPA)
THE GREEK PHILOSOPHERS
Socrates
• Know Thyself
• The unexamined life
is not worth living.
• Only the pursuit of
goodness brings
happiness.
PLATO (STUDENT OF PLATO’S)
• Concerned with Ethics/Govt
• “One of the penalties for
refusing to participate in
politics is that you end up
being governed by your
inferiors.”
• “Democracy... is a charming
form of government, full of
variety and disorder; and
dispensing a sort of equality
to equals and unequals
alike.”
ARISTOTLE
• Student of Plato’s
• “Democracy arises out of the
notion that those who are
equal in any respect are equal
in all respects; because men
are equally free, they claim to
be absolutely equal.”
• “The mark of an educated man
is to be able to entertain a
thought without accepting it.”
Cicero, Seneca, and Plutarch
THE ROMAN PHILOSOPHERS
CICERO
• “True law is right reason in
agreement with nature; it is
of universal application,
unchanging and
everlasting…”
• “Equal blame belongs to
those who fail in their duty
through weakness of will,
which is the same as saying
through shrinking from toil
and pain.”
• “Let the welfare of the people
be the ultimate law.”
SENECA
• “On him does death lie
heavily, who, but too well
known to all, dies to himself
unknown.”
• “It is not the man who has
too little, but the man who
craves more, that is poor.”
• “As is a tale, so is life: not
how long it is, but how good
it is, is what matters.”
PLUTARCH
• “An imbalance between rich
and poor is the oldest and
most fatal ailment of all
republics. ”
• “It is part of a good man to
do great and noble deeds,
though he risk everything. ”
• “No man ever wetted clay
and then left it, as if there
would be bricks by chance
and fortune.”
In conclusion…
The Greeks shape bronze statues so
real they seem to breathe,
And carve cold marble until it almost
comes to life,
The Greeks compose great orations,
and measure the heavens so well they
can predict the rising of the stars.
But you, Romans, remember your
great arts:
To govern the peoples with authority,
To establish peace under the rule of
law,
to conquer the mighty, and show them
mercy once they are conquered.
Aeneid
THE END!
Governments
DEMOCRACY
REPUBLIC/EMPIRE
• POLIS = city state
• RES PUBLICA = things public
• 12 TABLES
• SENATUS POPULUSQUE
ROMANUS = the Senate
and the People of Rome
(SPQR)
• DEMOS-KRATIA = people
power
Greek Parthenon
ROMAN SENATE
US Supreme Court
600 Years of Greek History
• Monarchy 1000 – 700 BCE
Oligarchy 700-600 BCE
Tyranny 600-500 BCE
Democracy 500-400
BCE
1000 years of Roman History
500 years Rome grew
500 BCE
Republican form
government
(509 BCE – 3l BCE)
200 years
Pax Romana
300 years Rome fell
Empire
(Caesar Augustus)
500 AD
Empire
(30 BCE – 476 AD)
What can art and architecture reveal
about these two great civilizations?
SCULPTURE
Ancient Greece
Ancient Rome
Kore
ROMAN VESTAL VIRGILS
THE AGORA in Ancient Greece
THE AGORA – Today
THE FORUM – Ancient Rome
THE ROMAN FORUM - today
ENTERTAINMENT
THE GREEK THEATER
SOPHOCLES’S Antigone
A tale of right
Versus right
THE ROMAN COLOSSEUM
VIRGIL’S The Aeneid
The Greeks shape bronze statues so
real they seem to breathe,
And carve cold marble until it almost
comes to life,
The Greeks compose great orations,
and measure the heavens so well they
can predict the rising of the stars.
But you, Romans, remember your
great arts:
To govern the peoples with authority,
To establish peace under the rule of
law,
to conquer the mighty, and show them
mercy once they are conquered.
Aeneid
THE END!