Download South Powerpoint Presentation 2011

The South, the Civil War and
Reconstruction
South- Cotton Economy
• Cotton=basis of southern economy in the mid
1800’s
• Southerners believed slavery was essential to
their economy-slaves were most of the
workforce (planting, picking, field work)
Cotton and Cotton Gin
• Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin meant
an increase in the demand for cotton and an
increasing reliance on slaves and slavery
Slavery
-a horrible system of
human bondage used
in the South upon
which the Southern
economy was based
-major area of
disagreement btwn.
North and South esp.
as new states were
added
Plantation Life
• types of slaves were: field,
house, and craftspeople + a
master/wife/ children+overseer
• slaves had few if any rights,
were mistreated, frequently
punished harshly
Abolition Movement
• Movement to end slavery took many forms
• Some wanted slavery to end and African
Americans to be treated equally
• Some just wanted slavery to end but were not in
favor of full equality
• Frederick Douglass was a former slave who
wrote about his life as a slave to show the
injustice
• Harriet Tubman helped lead many slaves to
freedom on the URR
Denmark Vesey, John Brown and Nat Turner:
Three Men Who Led Rebellions Against Slavery that
Created Fear in White Southerners
Wilmot Proviso 1846
proposed amendment
to the constitution that
would ban slavery in
lands acquired from
Mexico
passed in the House
of Representatives
but defeated in the
Senate=does not
become law
Compromise of 1850
an agreement proposed by Henry Clay
allowed CA to enter as a free state
people in the land obtained from Mexico would decide by vote
whether they wanted to be a free state or a slave state
Fugitive Slave Law of 1850
•
a law that made it a
crime to help runaway
slaves, allowed them to
be captured even in
areas where slavery
was illegal, and
required their return to
slaveholders
• Attempt to slow impact
of Underground
Railroad
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
• antislavery novel
written by Harriet
Beecher Stowe to
show the horrors of
slavery
• most widely read
book of its time,
second only to the
Bible, published 9 yrs.
before the Civil War
Kansas Nebraska Act 1854
• an act written to deal with the issue of slavery in the newly admitted
Kansas and Nebraska territories
• admitted Kansas and Nebraska as states
• allowed the people of each state to choose whether it would be
slave or free
• fighting broke out btwn pro and anti slavery people after it was
passed, Kansas became known as “Bleeding Kansas”
Dred Scott Case 1857
• a legal case involving a former
slave who sued for his freedom
• Supreme Court ruled that
African Americans were not
citizens therefore that he had
no legal rights including the
right to be heard in a court
• denied him his freedom,
• declared that the Congress did
not have the right to ban
slavery in federal territory,
therefore struck down the
Missouri Compromise
Lincoln Douglas Debates 1858
•
•
•
a series of debates between two
men who wanted to be elected
senator from the state of Illinois,
discussed slavery, created
national recognition for both
“ A house divided against itself
cannot stand” referring to slavery
when Lincoln accepts the
Republican nomination for Illinois
senate
In the debates Lincoln stated,
“"There is no reason in the world
why the negro is not entitled to all
the natural rights enumerated in
the Declaration of Independence,
the right to life, liberty and the
pursuit of happiness. I hold that he
is as much entitled to these as the
white man."
Election of 1860
• election just
preceding the Civil
War in which Lincoln
defeated Douglas,
Breckenridge, and
Bell for the
presidency
• Southern states were
very concerned that
Lincoln would try to
end slavery in the
South, not just in new
states
Abraham Lincoln
• 16th President
• Republican
• President of the
United States during
the Civil War
• Assassinated in 1865
• President Andrew
Johnson was his
successor
The South Secedes 1860
• Secession: a term referring to the act of the
Southern states splitting off from the North and
forming their own country ( the Confederacy) just
before the Civil War
• first state=South Carolina Dec. 20, 1860
Civil War:
United States of America vs. Confederate
States of America April 1861-April 1865
Jefferson Davis-President of the
Confederacy in the Civil War
Robert E. Lee
• Talented general in
charge of Southern
Confederate troops in
the Civil War
• South had great
confidence in him
• War lasts longer b/c
of his leadership and
decision-making
• Surrenders to
General Grant at
Appomattox Court
House in April 1865
General Ulysses S. Grant:
Commander of Union Troops in the
Civil War
• Successfully led
Union troops late in
the Civil War, after
many less than
capable generals had
failed
• Accepted Lee’s
surrender at
Appomattox Court
House
• Later becomes
president
Civil War 1861-1865
Fort Sumter- Charleston, SC
First Battle of the Civil War
April 12,1861
• Confed.fire on U.S. fort, Lincoln responds
First Battle of Bull RunManassas 1861
• 1st major battle of Civil
War
• Fought for control of
area near Washington
D.C.
• Surprise!
Confederates won
• 1st sense that North
would not win war
easily
Battle of Antietam:
Sept. 17, 1862
• fought in Maryland
Union victory
• bloodiest single
day in U.S. history
• 25,000 casualties =
13,000 Confederates
and 12,000 Union
• stops Lee’s advance
North
Union Blockade of the South
• North blockades Southern ports-trying to
stop supplies from reaching the SouthFrance, Britain
• Mississippi River-supplies are cut off
Emancipation Proclamation 1863
document/ order issued by
President Lincoln to free
the slaves in the
Confederacy
took effect Jan. 1, 1863
war changed from just being
about bringing the South
back into the Union to
also ending slavery in the
United States including
the South
After the Civil War, the13th
Amendment ended
slavery
Siege/Battle of Vicksburg 1863
• Union army led by Grant blockaded Vicksburg, situated on cliffs
above the Mississippi River
• South surrendered the fort, giving up control of the Mississippi Rivera turning point of the war-July
• South was now split in two and without a supply line
• North could use the Mississippi River for supplies/troops
• Union blockades Southern ports-South can’t get supplies
Battle of Gettysburg July 1863
•
•
•
•
Union victory against Lee’s Confederate troops
Pickett’s Charge=disaster for Confederates
last time the South invades the North
Britain and France refuse to give aid to the South after
this
Gettysburg Address
Nov. 19, 1863
•
The Gettysburg Address By President Abraham Lincoln delivered at Gettysburg Cemetery
•
“Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation,
conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so
conceived and so dedicated can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war.
We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here
gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should
do this.
But in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this
ground. The brave men, living and dead who struggled here have consecrated it far above
our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say
here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living rather to be dedicated
here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It
is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us--that from these
honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full
measure of devotion--that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in
vain, that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of
the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth. “
Wilderness Campaign +
Sherman Advances through the South
• Series of battles
btwn North and
South in VA for
capture of
Richmond VA
• Sherman is
ordered to wage
“all out war” burning, looting
through the South
Burning of Atlanta
Lincoln’s Second Inaugural
Address March 4 1865
“With malice toward
none, with charity for all,
with firmness in the right
as God gives us to see
the right, let us strive on
to finish the work we are
in, to bind up the nation's
wounds, to care for him
who shall have borne the
battle and for his widow
and his orphan, to do all
which may achieve and
cherish a just and lasting
peace among ourselves
and with all nations.”
Surrender at Appomattox-April 9, 1865
– Sherman marches across
the south destroying
railroads,industries,Atlanta
– Lee surrenders to Grant
after being surrounded on
three sides ending the Civil
War=Union (North) wins
• Southern economy is
destroyed
• Confederate States must
be brought back into the
Union
Civil War Troop Figures
•
•
United States population=22 million citizens
Confederate States=5.5 million free citizens
•
•
2,213,363 Total Union troops
1,050, 000 Total Confederate troops
•
•
1/10 citizens in the United States fought in the war
1/6 citizens in the Confederate States fought in the war
•
•
•
Over 620,000 Americans died in the war
212,938 total combat deaths=
140,414 Union combat deaths
72,524 Confederate combat deaths
Disease killed 2x those killed in battle
•
50,000 survivors returned home as amputees
President Lincoln is Assassinated by John
Wilkes Booth
April 14, 1865
Movie out called “The Conspirator”
President Lincoln’s Funeral Car
Reconstruction 1865-1877
-period following the Civil War during which the
United States’ government tried to unite the
country and rebuild the South
-Andrew Johnson became president in 1865
13th Amendment 1865
• Amendment that ended slavery
Freedmen’s Bureau 1865
• agency established by Congress to help freed
slaves and poor people throughout the South
• provided food, supplies, education, legal help
Black Codes, Jim Crow Laws
• Black Codes=laws
passed in the Southern
states after
Reconstruction that
limited the rights and
freedoms of African
Americans, must sign
work contracts or face
arrest, no gun ownership
• Jim Crow Laws= laws
that enforced segregation
in the Southern states
• Plessy v. Fergusonupheld segregation-said
separate facilities were
o.k.
th
14
th
15
and
Amendments
1868, 1870
14th Amendment:
guarantees basic
rights for all citizens,
used as the basis for
many lawsuits asking
for equal protection
under the law
15th Amendment:
gives voting rights to
black men
The Ku Klux Klan 1866
• group of white
Southerners that used
terror and violence to
stop African
Americans from
gaining their rights
• opposed civil rights,
especially suffrage
(voting) for blacks
• hate extended to
other groups
Plessy v. Ferguson 1896
• Supreme Court
case established
• I
“separate but
equal” doctrine
saying that
segregation is okay
• This precedent
was overturned by
Brown v. Board of
Ed. 1954
Andersonville Prison Camp
Captain Wirz (Commander of the camp) is
put on trial after the war as will we…