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The American Civil War in The Black Cottage Robert Frost The American Civil War – A brief overview In the 19th century, there were huge differences between the northern and southern states of America: North (the Union) South (the Confederacy) Increasingly urbanised, with large manufacturing centres Rural, agricultural society, based on plantations, and crops (labour intensive) Increasing political power Decreasing political power Anti-slavery Wanted slavery – needed cotton pickers Task 1 Further research Use these weblinks (all correct at time of publication), and any of your own research on the Civil War, to add to these notes about the relationship between the northern and southern states, and find out the key events of the war. http://www.civil-war.net/ http://www.civilwarhome.com/overview.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War http://americanhistory.about.com/od/civilwarmenu/a/civiloverview.htm You might also want to search for and save any images relating to the war. Now create an event map, image collage or diagram to represent the key battles, figures and causes of the American Civil War, based on your research, and what you’ve learnt. © www.teachit.co.uk 2013 12645 Page 1 of 2 The American Civil War in The Black Cottage Robert Frost Key events in the American Civil War 1860 Abraham Lincoln (anti-slavery) elected President. On 20th December 1860 the Southern states took drastic action to protect their own interests when a secession convention met in South Carolina, and the Southern states began to break away from the Union. They later chose Jefferson Davis as their President. 1861 War broke out, with the Union troops fighting for the North, and the Confederates for the South. At least 600,000 would die by the end of the war. 1863 The Emancipation Proclamation announced the end of slavery in states under Union control. 1865 The North won the Civil War and occupied the southern states, overseeing their reintegration into the United States of America. Lincoln was assassinated on 14th April 1865. Slavery was abolished in all states. All men were given the vote and legal rights, regardless of race. Battles and names referred to in The Black Cottage: The Battle of Gettysburg (1st–3rd July 1863) was fought in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. It had the largest number of casualties in the American Civil War and was the war’s turning point. Union troops defeated the Confederate troops, stopping an invasion of the North. The Battle of Fredericksburg (11th–15th December 1862) was fought in and around Fredericksburg, Virginia. It is remembered as one of the most one-sided battles of the American Civil War. The Union Army suffered terrible casualties. John Greenleaf Whittier (1807–1892) was an influential American Quaker poet and ardent advocate of the abolition of slavery in the United States. Both he and William Lloyd Garrison, also a writer, were passionately involved in the antislavery cause. Task 2 The Battle of Fredericksburg Summary Identify all the lines in ‘The Black Cottage’ which refer to the Civil War, and explore how they add to your understanding of the effects of the war on American society and its history. You might want to select any diction that you think is particularly important. © www.teachit.co.uk 2013 12645 Page 2 of 2