Download Physics - Benchmark Media

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TEACHER’S GUIDE
BENCHMARK’S INTERACTIVE TUTORIAL SCIENCE SERIES:
PHYSICS
48 Tutorial Lessons, each take about 20 minutes
For Grades 9 to 12
Subject: Physics
This one DVD containing Benchmark’s Interactive Tutorial Science Library offers an
innovative and very effective way for students to learn SHS Core Science Concepts
in Physics.
TUTORIAL INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
These self-tutorial programs allow students to control the pace of their learning, and
include: lesson objectives; doing experiments completely under student control;
continous interactive activities involving graphics, pop-up labels, animation, and
pop-on explanatory text; intermittent testing for accurate observation and
comprehension with immediate feedback as to whether the answers are correct or
not for the student’s self-assessment; a summary; and a final quiz with feedback.
Any part of the tutorial can be repeated. The successful completion of a tutorial is
itself convincing proof of the student’s thorough understanding of the content.
Optionally these tutorials are designed to be hosted in a Virtual Learning
Environment (VLE) such as the free share software MOODLE, should the teacher
wish have a record of each student’s scores, maintain a bulletin board, and so forth.
This series is designed to tutor students at a computer, which must have an internet
browser: whether assigned in preparation for, or for review after a class lesson on
the subject; by students working individually or in pairs; in the school library,
computer lab, or at home; or used in a computer lab with teacher assistance
available.
The tutorial content can be accessed by any student’s computer having an internet
browser either by inserting a tutorial disc copy into a computer’s CD/DVD drive, or
from the school or school district server(s) on which the Tutorial Series is stored.
Optionally in the near future, the Tutorials will be available from Benchmark via the
internet with an ID and password.
The Occasional Word With British Spelling
Students & teachers will find an occasional word whose British spelling
differs from the American, such as, “ou” for “0” as in color for color, or “re” for “er”
as in fiber for fiber. It is suggested that teachers alert their students to this. An
understanding of the meaning of such words should present no problem. For
students who wish to pursue the spelling differences further, the teacher can
recommend this web site with American-British spelling differences at:
http://scientific.thomson.com/support/patents/dwpiref/reftools/usukdict/
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48 PHYSICS TUTORIALS
On the DVD, under Science, selecting Physics will display 57 tutorials numbered
from 1 to 57, of which a selected 48 are appropriate for the SHS Physics st;udent.
The following Table of Contents organizes only those 48 tutorials, which we are at
this time submitting for evaluation and use into learning units. Following that,
Annotations provides descriptions of each of those 48 tutorials within those units.
CONTENTS: PHYSICS 48 TUTORIAL LESSONS
UNIT
UNIT 1: LAWS OF MOTION
# TUTORIALS
2
PAGE
2
UNIT 2. RECTILINEAR MOTION
3
3
UNIT 3 VECTORS
1
3
UNIT 4 ENERGY
1
3
UNIT 5 CIRCULAR MOTION & OSCILLATIONS
4
4
UNIT 6 HEAT ENERGY
4
4
UNIT 7 WAVES
4
5
UNIT 8 GRAVITATIONAL FORCES & ELECTRICAL FIELDS #1
5
6
UNIT 9 GRAVITATIONAL FORCES & ELECTRICAL FIELDS #2
3
7
15
7
UNIT 11 QUANTUM PHENOMENA
3
10
UNIT 12 RADIOACTIVITY
3
11
UNIT 10 ELECTRICITY
CORRELATION WITH PA CURRICULUM STANDARDS Gr 10 See Page 11
CORRELATION WITH PA CURRICULUM STANDARDS Gr 12 See Page 13
ANNOTATIONS : PHYSICS 48 TUTORIAL LESSONS
UNIT 1 LAWS OF MOTION
2 TUTORIAL LESSONS
LAWS OF UNIFORM MOTION (see Physics #19)
Objectives: interpret the variable symbols used in the equations of uniform motion;
select the appropriate equation to suit the given problem; solve problems using the
equations of uniform motion.
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION (see Physics #20)
Objectives: state Newton's laws of motion; use Newton's laws of motion to solve
problems
3
UNIT 2 RECTILINEAR MOTION
3 TUTORIAL LESSONS
RECTILINEAR MOTION: CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOTION (see Physics #49)
You will learn in the context of the separation of two spacecraft: the concept of
linear momentum, that it is a vector quantity and how it is measured; the principle of
conservation of linear momentum and its application to both elastic and inelastic
collisions and 'explosions' in one dimension; the concept of kinetic energy, that it is
a scalar quantity, how it is measured and its conservation only in elastic collisions
and 'explosions': the concept of an elastic and an inelastic collision and 'explosion'
and the application of these concepts to a variety of situations.
RECTILINEAR MOTION: MEASURING THE ACCELERATION OF FREE FALL (see
Physics #51)
The content of this learning object covers a method for determining the acceleration
due to gravity by the use of a light gate with a timing card. Additionally, it provides
activities to verify and use the expression F=ma.
You will learn: an experimental method using a light gate to measure the
acceleration of an object due to gravity; the acceleration, a, of an object is related to
the unbalanced force on it, F, and its mass, m, as shown by the equation F = ma;
how to use the equation F = ma to explain why the acceleration of free fall due to
gravity is constant, regardless of the mass of the falling object; how to use the
equation F = ma to calculate the acceleration due to gravity on the Moon.
EXAM TECHNIQUES
(see Physics #50)
Three exam questions and their model answers on topics in the Rectilinear Motion
unit.
UNIT 3
VECTORS
1 TUTORIAL LESSON
FORCE (see Physics #18)
Objectives : define a force; use triangle of forces for forces in equilibrium; use
parallelogram of forces to calculate resultant force.
UNIT 4 ENERGY
1 TUTORIAL LESSON
ENERGY (see Physics #17)
Objectives: calculate the kinetic energy of a body; calculate the potential energy of a
body; carry out calculations using principle of conservation of energy.
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UNIT 5 CIRCULAR MOTION & OSCILLATIONS
4 TUTORIAL LESSONS
THE MOTION OF A SIMPLE PENDULUM (see Physics #25)
In this tutorial the students have to think big – a pendulum with a period of 20
seconds! The context is a new TV game show; the student is the producer’s
technical adviser. Content: a swinging pendulum has a constant period of swing;
the period of a pendulum depends only on the length of the pendulum and the
acceleration of free fall at its location, as given by the equation, T = 2π(l /g); as a
pendulum swings, kinetic and potential energy are interchanged, the total of the two
being constant if the effect of air resistance is negligible; the amplitude of a
pendulum’s swing gradually gets less if the effect of air resistance is not negligible,
but the period remains constant; the motion of a pendulum swinging with a small
amplitude is an example of simple harmonic motion.
DEMONSTRATION OF FREE,FORCED, & DAMPED VIBRATIONS (see Physics #22)
In this tutorial you will study vibrations, resonance, and damping to see how they
apply to a car's suspension system. Rosie and Kai, two Physics students, have
entered a competition to develop a model car. The car needs to demonstrate a
particular feature that might be adopted by a leading car manufacturer for its ‘top of
the range' model. The team has decided to give their car beyond ‘state of the art'
suspension.
DEMONSTRATION OF THE CENTRIPETAL FORCE (see Physics #23)
This learning object puts circular motion in context, using the common fear of
white-knuckle fairground rides (the fear that pulls the crowds) and other examples.
Content: circular motion requires the existence of a force towards the centre of the
circular path (centripetal force); centripetal forces can be provided by numerous
physical forces such as tension in a string, contact forces, magnetic forces,
gravitational forces, etc.; masses subject to a centripetal force have a centripetal
acceleration; centripetal acceleration can be expressed in terms of the speed at
2
which a mass with circSular motion is travelling (a = v /r) or its angular velocity (a =
2
rω ); • The corresponding formulae for centripetal force are F = mv2/r and F = mrω2.
EXAM TECHNIQUES (see Physics #24)
Three exam questions and their model answers on topics in the Circular Motions
and Oscillations unit.
UNIT 6 HEAT ENERGY
4 TUTORIALS
In Recommended Order of Learning
HEAT ENERGY (see Physics #7)
When you have completed this learning object, you should be able to: give
examples of how heat energy is produced; describe how heat energy is used, and
how energy is wasted; name the units of heat energy and estimate the efficiency of
simple energy transfers.
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METHODS OF HEAT TRANSFER (see Physics #11)
On completing the unit, learners should be able to: explain how heat is transferred
by conduction; understand convection and why it happens; recognize how radiation
differs from conduction and convection.
HEAT CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS (see Physics #6)
On completing the unit, learners should be able to: give examples of materials that
are good conductors of heat; give examples of materials that are good insulators of
heat; give and explain examples where heat conduction or insulation is important.
SAVING ENERGY IN THE HOME (see Physics #14)
When you have completed this learning object, you should be able to: explain how
heat is lost in an un-insulated home: suggest methods of energy saving; explain
which methods are most cost effective.
UNIT 7: WAVES
4 TUTORIAL LESSONS
POLARIIZATION OF TRANSVERSE WAVES (see Physics #55)
This tutorial puts polarization into context by using common everyday examples,
such as the transmission and reception of television signals and the use of
polarization filters in photography and sunglasses. Content: transverse waves can
vibrate with many planes at right angles to the direction of travel of the wave; a
polarizing filter restricts the plane of vibration to one; transverse waves can be
polarized but longitudinal waves cannot; polarizing light waves reduces glare; a
television aerial must be set at the same plane of polarization as the signal it is set
to receive.
STATIONARY WAVES (see Physics #56)
This learning object presents stationary waves in the context of the production of
musical notes. Content: • Stationary waves are produced in pipes or strings when
two progressive waves superpose; where the waves interfere constructively, an
antinode is formed; where the waves interfere destructively, a node is formed.; the
lowest note produced is called the fundamental frequency; other stationary waves
can be produced as overtones whose frequency is a whole multiple of the
fundamental frequency; the resultant sound produced by a musical instrument is a
combination of the fundamental frequency and any overtones that are present.
DIFFRACTION OF WATER WAVES AND LIGHT WAVES (see Physics #53)
This learning object explores the diffraction of light waves and water waves and
looks at how diffraction effects were first discovered and explained. Content:
diffraction effects become noticeable when the wavelength of the waves passing
though a gap are of the same order of magnitude as the gap, or are larger; a single
slit diffraction pattern consists of a central bright maximum of width twice that of
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the dark minima to each side of it; Huygens’ principle can be used to predict
diffraction effects; for electromagnetic waves, the position of the minima in a single
slit diffraction pattern are given by the expression sinθ = mλ/w where θ is the angle
of diffraction, λ the wave's wavelength, w the slit width and m =1, 2, 3 etc.
WAVES: EXAM TECHNIQUES (see Physics #54)
Three exam questions and their model answers on topics in the Waves unit.
UNIT 8 GRAVITATIONAL FORCES & ELECTRICAL FIELDS #1
5 TUTORIAL LESSONS
NEWTON’S UNIVERSAL LAW OF GRAVITATIONAL ATTRACTION (see Physics #33)
In in space and the formation of black holes; the distinct meanings of the this unit
you will learn: about the gravitational force between objects; about gravitational
interactions words weight and gravitational field strength and how these are
measured on the Earth; and Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitational Attraction.
THE GRAVITATIONAL FIELD STRENGTH AT DIFFERENT DISTANCES FROM THE
EARTH’S SURFACE (see Physics #34)
This tutorial demonstrates how the gravitational field strength varies above and
below the Earth’s surface. Content: the gravitational field strength g falls as you
travel up or down from the Earth’s surface; below the Earth’s surface g = 4πρGr/3;
2 2
above the Earth’s surface g = gsurface rE /r ; for many practical purposes, because the
radius of the Earth rE is so large, close to the Earth we can consider g to be a
constant.
VERIFICATION OF COULOMB’S LAW (see Physics #36)
This tutorial shows how Coulomb’s law can be verified in the laboratory. Content: •
Coulomb’s Law states that the electrical force F between two electrical charges Q 1
2
and Q2 depends upon both Q1 and Q2 and their separation r. F = (1/4πε0) Q1Q2/r ;
Coulomb’s Law is an example of an inverse square law. It can be checked directly
by measuring the force between two known charges that are a known distance
apart, but it is hard to prevent some of the charge leaking away.
ELECTRICAL FIELD LINES IN UNIFORM FIELDS (see Physics #31)
In this tutorial, thinking about a force field in terms of Faraday’s idea of field lines is
introduced. Content: how to visualize electric fields by using a candle flame and
grass seeds; how to create a mathematical model of an electric field and use this to
solve problems; how to think about electric fields as lines to represent the forces
acting; a uniform field is represented by parallel straight lines that are evenly
spaced; the strength of the field is represented by the closeness of the lines; the
direction of the field is given by an arrow pointing the way a positive charge would
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move; for a uniform field between two electrically charged plates the electric field
strength (the force per unit positive charge) is E = V/d.
EXAM TECHNIQUES (see Physics #32)
Three exam questions and their model answers on the preceding tutorials in this
Gravitational Forces & Electrical Fields 1 unit.
UNIT 9 GRAVITATIONAL FORCES & ELECTRICAL FIELDS #2
3 TUTORIAL LESSONS
PRINCIPLES OF A CYCLOTRON (see Physics #38)
This tutorial explores the principles behind particle accelerators.
Content: Charged particles will experience a force in an electric field. The
magnitude of force Fe depends upon the strength of the electric field E and the
charge on the particle q. Fe = Eq. Charged particles moving across a magnetic field
will experience a force. The magnitude of force Fm depends upon the strength of the
magnetic field B, the charge on the particle q and the rate at which it moves across
the field, v. Fm = Bqv Charged particles are accelerated by forces when they
interact with magnetic or electric fields. The magnitude of the acceleration depends
upon the size of the force and the mass of the particle.
PRINCIPLES OF DIFFERENT RADIATION DETECTORS
(see Physics #39)
This tutorial considers the principles behind radiation detectors. Content:
Ionizing radiation may be detected by the effects radiation has on materials.
Because molecules are so tiny, there needs to be some form of amplification to
produce a signal or sign that can be detected. Various properties of ions are used in
detection. For example, their movement in an electric field or their ability to act as
seeds for changes of state. Radiation detectors have to be designed so that the
conditions are optimum for detecting the effects of ionization. For example, the
pressure or composition of a gas, a vapor that is supersaturated, or a liquid that is
superheated.
EXAM TECHNIQUES
(see Physics #37)
Two exam questions and their model answers on the preceding tutorials in this
Gravitational Forces and Electrical #2 unit.
Unit 10 ELECTRICITY
15 TUTORIAL LESSONS
In Recommended Order of Learning
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICITY (see Physics #10)
When you have completed this learning object, you should be able to: describe the
nature of static electricity; describe how electricity flows around a circuit.
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CIRCUITS AND SYMBOLS (see Physics #2)
When you have completed this learning object, you should be able to: describe
features of direct and alternating current; identify appliances that use DC current,
AC current, or both.
AC/DC CURRENT (see Physics #1)
When you have completed this learning object, you should be able to: describe
features of direct and alternating current: Identify appliances that use DC current,
AC current, or both.
WIRING IN SERIES AND PARALLEL (see Physics #16)
When you have completed this learning object, you should be able to: explain series
and parallel connections; explain how voltmeters and ammeters are used to
measure voltage and current.
RESISTANCE, CONDUCTORS, AND INSULATORS (see Physics #13)
When you have completed this learning object, you should be able to: describe what
is meant by electrical resistance; give examples of conductors and insulators.
OHM’S LAW 1 (see Physics #12)
The relationship between voltage and current is established and resistance is
investigated. As the voltage increases, the current increases. The voltage is
proportional to the current. Graphically, resistance can be expressed as the slope or
gradient of a graph of voltage against current. The steeper the graph of voltage
against current becomes, the greater the resistance. The formula triangle used for
Ohm's law calculations is introduced.
OHM’S LAW 2 (see Physics #21)
Objectives: explain what is meant by current flow; describe the factors affecting
current flow; apply Ohm's law to a simple circuit.
ELECTRICITY: CONDUCTIVITY AND RESISTIVITY (see Physics #27)
Objectives: resistance and conductance refer to particular objects, such as circuit
components, or particular samples of materials; resistivity and conductivity refer to
materials and are independent of dimensions; the resistance of a sample of material
depends upon its dimensions as well as its resistivity; the conductance of a sample
of material depends upon its dimensions as well as its conductivity; resistance is
the opposite (or reciprocal) of conductance; resistivity is the opposite (or
reciprocal) of conductivity.
ELECTRICITY: RESISTANCE CHANGE OF A THERMISTOR AND AN LDR (see
Physics #29)
This learning object looks at how conditions such as light and temperature change
the electrical properties of materials.
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The resistance of a piece of material usually changes with temperature. The
resistance of a piece of material depends on the number of charge carriers, such as
electrons, contained within the material, and also how freely these charge carriers
can move through the material. For metals, the resistance increases with increasing
temperature so they have a positive temperature coefficient of resistivity. For
semiconductors, the resistance usually decreases with increasing temperature, so
they usually have a negative temperature coefficient of resistivity. For glass, the
resistance decreases with increasing temperature. A semiconductor component
designed to have a large variation of resistance with temperature is called a
thermistor. Some semiconductor materials have a much higher conductivity (or
lower resistivity) when illuminated than when kept in dark conditions. A circuit
component designed to have a large change in resistance with light conditions is
called a Light Dependent Resistor, or LDR.
HEAT AND RESISTANCE (see Physics #5)
The learning unit explores how an electric current generates heat and its
applications. Ohm's law and the relationship between voltage, current and
resistance is reviewed. The heating effect in a lamp shows that as the lamp gets
hotter, its resistance increases. This heating effect is explained in terms of the
atoms and electrons of electrical conductors. The unit of heat energy, the joule, is
introduced, together with some related calculations of the heat energy released by
appliances.
HEAT PRODUCTION IN ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES (see Physics #8)
The learning unit explores the different ways that electrical appliances can produce
heat that we use in a variety of ways. The heating effect of a highly resistant metal
alloy, nichrome, is reviewed. The structure and working of a hair dryer and an
immersion heater are explored. Heat is often produced as an unwanted product of
electricity, a number of examples are considered. Finally some electrical hazards
connected with appliances are described.
USING ELECTRICA APPLIANCES (see Physics #15)
The relationships of Ohm's Law and the calculation of joules are reviewed. The watt
is a unit of power and measures the rate at which energy is used by an electrical
appliance. One watt is a joule per second. The wattage of an appliance is calculated
from its voltage and current usage. Examples of some calculations are given. The
power rating of various appliances is described, together with their operating
voltage. Some calculations related to power, current and voltage are given.
DOMESTIC ELECTRICITY AND WIRING A PLUG (see Physics #3)
The electrical supply to a domestic house is described in terms of the different
colored wiring
used, and the role of the fuse box. Each part of the fuse box is described as are the
different fuse ratings used for lighting, power and heating circuits. The nature of the
wiring circuit used for lighting in the house is described. The 3-pin plug is described
and the role of each cable
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discussed. Next the safe way to wire a plug correctly is described. The importance
of using the correct fuse in the plug is explained.
FUSES AND EARTH FOR ELECTRICITY SUPPLY (safety) (see Physics #4)
When you have completed this learning object, you should be able to: describe
possible safety hazards in the home; describe safety precautions and examples of
safe practice in the home; explain the difference between single and double
insulation.
ELECTRICITY EXAM TECHNIQUES (see Physics #28)
Three exam questions and their model answers on several topics in the Electricity
unit.
UNIT 11 QUANTUM PHENOMENA
3 TUTORIAL LESSONS
DEMONSTRATION OF THE PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT (see Physics #42)
Content: photoelectrons are emitted when the surfaces of certain materials are
illuminated with electromagnetic radiation of particular frequencies; the energy of a
photon is given by the formula E = hf, where E is the energy of the photon, h is a
constant called Planck’s constant and f is the frequency of the radiation; the
number of photoelectrons emitted is proportional to the intensity of the incident
radiation; the photoelectrons are emitted with a range of kinetic energies from zero
to a maximum; the maximum kinetic energy is independent of the intensity of the
radiation but depends on the frequency of the illuminating radiation; the work
function is defined as the energy required to liberate an electron from the surface of
a material.
DEMONSTRATION OF THE ELECTRON DIFFRACTION PHENOMENON (see Physics
#41)
This learning object introduces electron diffraction through its application in
electron microscopes. Content: • De Broglie has shown that matter that normally
behaves as a particle can also display wave–like properties; a particle of mass m
and velocity v has an associated wavelength given by λ = h/p; the diffraction effect
is only easily detectable for very low mass particles traveling at relatively high
speeds.
EXAM TECHNIQUES (see Physics #43)
Two exam questions and their model answers on topics in the Quantum Phenomena
unit.
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UNIT 12 RADIOACTIVITY
3 TUTORIAL LESSONS
RADIOACTIVITY: PROPERTIES OF ALPHA, BETA, AND GAMMA RADIATION (see
Physics #47)
This tutorial examines the properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiation in the
context of naturally occurring radon gas in a home. You will learn: there are three
types of radiation – alpha, beta and gamma; the three types of radiation can be
distinguished by their different characteristics; there are natural sources of
radioactivity which exist around us every day and provide a level of background
radioactivity; certain types of radioactivity that occur naturally can be damaging to
your health.
RADIOACTIVITY: EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE HALF LIFE (see
Physics #46)
In the medical context of showing how a radioactive tracer can be used to produce a
bone scan, you will learn: the half life does not mean that it only takes two half lives
for all of a radioactive substance to decay; the rate of decay is proportional to the
quantity of substance that is still radioactive; radioactive decay is exponential, as
-λt
shown by the formula: Nt = N0 e
; each substance has a unique half life; he half
life cannot be changed no matter what you do to the radioactive substance.
RADIOACTIVITY: EXAM TECHNIQUES
(see Physics #45)
Three exam questions and their model answers on the preceding tutorials in this
Radioactivity unit
CORRELATION WITH PA CURRICULUM STANDARDS
3.4.10 GRADE 10
B. Analyze energy sources and transfers of heat.
 Use knowledge of conservation of energy and momentum to explain common
phenomena (e.g., refrigeration system, rocket propulsion).
UNIT
# TUTORIALS PAGE
UNIT 1: LAWS OF MOTION
2
2
UNIT 2. RECTILINEAR MOTION
3
3
UNIT 3 VECTORS
1
3
UNIT 4 ENERGY
1
4
UNIT 5 CIRCULAR MOTION & OSCILLATIONS
UNIT 6 HEAT ENERGY
4
4
4
5
 Explain resistance, current and electro-motive force (Ohm’s Law).
UNIT
# TUTORIALS PAGE
UNIT 10 ELECTRICITY
15
8
12
CORRELATION WITH PA CURRICULUM STANDARDS
3.4.10 GRADE 10 (continued)
c. Distinguish among the principles of force and motion.
 Identify the relationship of electricity and magnetism as two aspects of a single
electromagnetic force.
PRINCIPLES OF A CYCLOTRON (see Physics #38)
 Describe sound effects (e.g., Doppler effect, amplitude, frequency, reflection,
refraction, absorption, sonar, seismic).
STATIONARY WAVES (see Physics #56)
 Describe light effects (e.g., Doppler effect, dispersion, absorption, emission
spectra, polarization, interference).
POLARIZATION OF TRANSVERSE WAVES (see Physics #55)
DIFFRACTION OF WATER WAVES AND LIGHT WAVES (see Physics #53)
 Describe and measure the motion of sound, light and other objects.
UNIT
# TUTORIALS PAGE
UNIT 7 WAVES
4
5
 Know Newton’s laws of motion (including inertia, action and reaction) and
gravity and apply them to solve problems related to forces and mass.
UNIT
# TUTORIALS PAGE
UNIT 1: LAWS OF MOTION
2
2
UNIT 8 GRAVITATIONAL FORCES & ELECTRICAL FIELDS #1 5
UNIT 9 GRAVITATIONAL FORCES & ELECTRICAL FIELDS #2 3
6
7
C Distinguish among the principles of force and motion.
 Determine the efficiency of mechanical systems by applying mathematical
formulas.
DEMONSTRATION OF FREE,FORCED, & DAMPED VIBRATIONS
(see Physics #22)
THE MOTION OF A SIMPLE PENDULUM (see Physics #25)
DEMONSTRATION OF THE CENTRIPETAL FORCE (see Physics #23)
EXAM TECHNIQUES (see Physics #24)
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CORRELATION WITH PA CURRICULUM STANDARDS
3.4.12 GRADE 12
A. Apply concepts about the structure and properties of matter.
 Explain how radioactive isotopes that are subject to decay can be used to
estimate the age of materials.
RADIOACTIVITY: EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE HALF LIFE (see
Physics #46)
RADIOACTIVITY: EXAM TECHNIQUES
(see Physics #45)
 Apply the conservation of energy concept to fields as diverse as mechanics,
nuclear particles and studies of the origin of the universe.
ENERGY (see Physics #17)
RECTILINEAR MOTION: CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOTION (see Physics #49)
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION (see Physics #20)
LAWS OF UNIFORM MOTION (see Physics #19)
HEAT ENERGY (see Physics #7)
 Apply the predictability of nuclear decay to estimate the age of materials that
contain radioactive isotopes.
RADIOACTIVITY: EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE HALF LIFE (see
Physics #46)
RADIOACTIVITY: EXAM TECHNIQUES
(see Physics #45)
B. Apply and analyze energy sources and conversions and their relationship to heat
and temperature.
 Apply appropriate thermodynamic concepts (e.g., conservation, entropy) to
solve problems relating to energy and heat.
HEAT ENERGY (see Physics #7)
C. Apply the principles of motion and force.
 Evaluate wave properties of frequency, wavelength and speed as applied to
sound and light through different media.
UNIT
# TUTORIALS PAGE
UNIT 7 WAVES
4
5
 Propose and produce modifications to specific mechanical power systems that
will improve their efficiency.
DEMONSTRATION OF FREE,FORCED, & DAMPED VIBRATIONS
(see Physics #22)
THE MOTION OF A SIMPLE PENDULUM (see Physics #25)
DEMONSTRATION OF THE CENTRIPETAL FORCE (see Physics #23)
EXAM TECHNIQUES (see Physics #24)
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CORRELATION WITH PA CURRICULUM STANDARDS
3.4.12 GRADE 12 (continued)
 Analyze the principles of translational motion, velocity and acceleration as they
relate to free fall and projectile motion.
RECTILINEAR MOTION: CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOTION (see Physics #49)
RECTILINEAR MOTION: MEASURING THE ACCELERATION OF FREE FALL (see
Physics #51)
EXAM TECHNIQUES
(see Physics #50)
 Analyze the principles of rotational motion to solve problems relating to angular
momentum, and torque.
DEMONSTRATION OF THE CENTRIPETAL FORCE (see Physics #23)
 Interpret a model that illustrates circular motion and acceleration.
DEMONSTRATION OF THE CENTRIPETAL FORCE (see Physics #23)
EXAM TECHNIQUES (see Physics #24)
 Describe inertia, motion, equilibrium, and action/reaction concepts through
words, models and mathematical symbols.
LAWS OF UNIFORM MOTION (see Physics #19)
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION (see Physics #20)
FORCE (see Physics #18)
ENERGY (see Physics #17)
END CORRELATION WITH PA CURRICULUM STANDARDS