Download 3/23/17- Anthropology Notes AttackNose Types of Sociopolitical

3/23/17- Anthropology Notes
AttackNose
Types of Sociopolitical organization:
Type of Society- Examples:
State--- France, England, India, U.S.A
Chiefdom----Hawaii, Natchez, Kwakiutl
Tribe---- Sioux, Southwest Pueblos, New Guinea
Band----Eskimo, Shoshone, Kalahari
Mesopotamia:
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The origin of taxes and writing (5,000 years ago)
o A writing system known as Cuneiform only the elite class learned how to write-
finally had History
Mesopotamia was the first in which Sumerians could be something other than a Shepard, they
could give up their cattle and take on a new role. However, not many wanted to.
Mesopotamia gave rise to the first territorial empire, and Ancient Sumerians used the Tigress
and Euphrates rivers for navigation across the empire
Acerians eventually conquered the Sumerians and gave rise to the Neo-Assyrian Empire
o They believed that the world would end if they ever lost a battle.
o Empire 911-612 BCE
Centralized Authority and Divine leadership
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Writing Systems:
▪ La venta Monument 13, Olmec Mesoamerica (600 BC)
▪ Oracle Bones, China (1200 BC)
▪ Indus Script, Indus Valley (3200 BC)
▪ Hieroglyphics, Egypt (3200 BC)
▪ Cuneiform, Mesopotamia (3200 BC)
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Wealth and political Economy:
▪ Inca Gold, Peru (AD 1400)
▪ Valley of the kings, Egypt (1300 BC)
▪ Zaranj, Afghanistan (AD 300-900)
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Military Expansion:
▪ The more people that came into the empire, the more populated the city
became and the stronger the military
Indus Valley civilization:
o Civilization:
▪ Surplus production
▪ Specialization of labor
▪ A city established
▪ System of trade
o Flourished around 3000 BC
o Trading with Mesopotamians
o Largest of the Ancient civilizations
o Most well-known cities: Mohenjo and Harappa
▪ Homes constructed out of uniformly sized bricks
▪ System of government and zoning
o Cities oriented to catch the wind and air conditioning
o Sophisticated plumbing system