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LANGUAGE WORD CLASSES Different words do different jobs. Some describe a thing like a ball or a book. Some describe actions like playing or reading. Some connect words like or and because. These groups are called word classes. There are eight word classes: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions and exclamations. Nouns A noun is the name of a person or thing. There are common nouns (objects and creatures) and proper nouns (people, places and organizations). Common Nouns: ball, team, horse, bed Common nouns include Abstract and Collective nouns. Abstract Common Nouns are things you can’t see: truth, heat, happiness Collective Nouns are groups of things: the team, the bunch Proper Nouns: Chicago, Bob, J.C. Penney Verbs A verb is an action that a person takes or a thing that happens. Verbs: run, ran, hit, laugh, be, have, take All verbs have a subject that is taking the action. In the sentence Nathan ran to his house, Nathan is the object. Ran is the verb. Verbs can be past, present or future tense. Past: I played baseball. Present: I am playing baseball. Future: I will play baseball. A verb can be active or passive. Active: He took his cat to the vet. Passive: The cat was taken to the vet. COPYRIGHT © OPPIYA.COM LANGUAGE WORD CLASSES Pronouns Pronouns are used in place of nouns so that you don’t need to use the noun again. Pronouns: He, them, she, that Personal pronouns are used in place of people or things: I, me, we, you, us I vs. me: If the pronoun is the subject of the verb, use I. If it is the object, use me. - Sam and I played ball. - Dad took Toby and me to the ballgame. (Tip: I played ball. Dad took me to the ballgame.) Adjectives An adjective describes a noun. Adjectives: hot, sad, new, funny Adjectives have three forms: positive, comparative and superlative. The positive form gives a simple description: The stove is hot. The comparative form compares to something: The stove is hotter than the fridge. The superlative form compares one person or thing to every other one: The stove is the hottest thing in the house. Adverbs An adverb describes a verb, an adjective or another adverb. Adverbs tells us how, where, when and how strong or weak something happened. Adverbs: quickly, repeatedly, very, fast How: He went fast. Where: He went there. When: He came often. Intensity: He walked slow. He really walked slow. COPYRIGHT © OPPIYA.COM LANGUAGE WORD CLASSES Articles An article is used in front of nouns or pronouns. Articles: their, the, our, we - The barber cut my hair. - Their bus was late. Linking Words A linking word (also known as a connective or conjunction) is used to join words or parts of sentences together. Linking words: and, or, because, until, without, but Linking words can be Coordinating or Subordinating. Coordinating Linking words join items of equal importance: The pencil and pen. Subordinating Linking words join additional items: Adverbs: He ate because he was hungry. Exclamations An exclamation (also called an interjection) is a word that expresses strong emotion, such as excitement or surprise. They often stand on their own with an exclamation mark. Exclamations: Yay!, Awesome! Well done Kim! COPYRIGHT © OPPIYA.COM