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The SkeletonBones, Joint, and muscle FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme dr. E. Suryadi, S.U. Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Anthropology Selected Key Terms FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme The following terms are defined in the glossary: Amphiarthrosis Bursa Circumduction Diaphysis Diarthrosis Endosteum Epiphysis Fontanel Origo Joint Osteoblast Osteoclast Osteocyte Periosteum Resorption Synarthrosis Synovial Insertio Role osteology in the medical science learning FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme Osteology ! Anatomy (included Human biology) ! Physiology ! Pathology ! Clinical sciences FACULTY OF MEDICINE For example International Programme Low back pain that be caused nucleus pulposus hernia Pain spreading from lumbar region until in leg or foot Fracture middle clavicle, surgical neck humeri To lie stetoscope when Aucultation of heart Palpation of the lever and the appendix FACULTY OF MEDICINE Bone structure International Programme Cells 1. Osteoblasts Bone forming cells 2. Osteocytes mature bone cells that maintain bone 3. Osteoclasts cells that break down (resorp) bone FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme Tissue 1. Compact shaft (diaphysis) of long bones; outside of other bones 2. Spongy end (epiphysis) of long bones; center of other bones FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme Marrow – Red ends of long bones, center of other bones – Yellow center of long bones FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme Membranes contain bone-forming cells 1. Periosteum covers bones 2. Endosteum lines marrow cavities FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme LONG BONE GROWTH begins in center of shaft and continues at ends of bone; growing area forms line across epiphysis (epiphysios disc) BONE FUNCTIONS serve as body framework; protect organs; serve as levers; store calcium; form blood cells Divisions of the skeleton FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme 1. AXIAL Head a. Cranial (neurocranium) frontal, parietals, temporal bones, ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital b. Facial (viscerocranium) mandible, maxillae, zygomatic bones, nasal bones, lacrimal bones, vomer, palatine bones, inferior nasal conchae. c. Other ossicles (of ear), hyoid bone FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme 2. Trunk a. Vertebral column cervical (VC), thoracic (VTh) , lumbar (VL), sacral (VS), coccygeal (V Co) b. thorax (1) Sternum (2) Ribs =costae – – True = costa vera first seven pairs False = costa spuria and fluctuantes remaining five pairs, including two floating ribs B. APPENDICULAR FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme 1. 2. 3. 4. shoulder girdle (cingulum superius) clavicle, scapula upper extremity (arm) humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges pelvic girdle (cingulum inferius) ilium, ischium, pubis lower extremity (leg) femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, phalanges The carpal bones = ossa carpalia FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme Scapoid = navicular Lunatum Triquetrum Pisiform Trapezium = multanguli major Trapezoid = multanguli minor Capitatum hamatum The tarsal bones = ossa tarsalia FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme Os Talus Os Calcaneum Os Naviculare Os cuboideum Os medial cuneiforme (primus] Os intermediate cuneiforme( secundus) Os lateral cuneiforme (tertius) FACULTY OF MEDICINE Joint classification International Programme Synarthrosis immovable Amphiarthrosis slightly moveable diarthrosis (synovial joints) freely movable FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme Structure of synovial joints Joint capsule (ligaments) holds joint together Cartilage cover ends of bones Joint cavity filled with synovial fluid Bursae fluid-filled sacs nearer joints; cushion and protect joints and surrounding tissue FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme Types of synovial joints gliding, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball-and-socket Movement at synovial joints flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, rotation, supination, pronation, inversion, eversion. FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme Landmark of bones FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme Processes mastoid process, acromion process, olecranon process, iliac crest, iliac spines, ishical spine and tuberosity, trochanters, malleoli Foramina foramen magnum, intervertebral foramina, obturator foramina Fossae and grooves Fontanels anterior and others in infant skull FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme TERM of MORPHOLOGI at BONE/SKELETON Foramen =hole Foramina = many hole Fissura = Fissure Aditus = Hole Into = To Come To Exitus = Hole Out Of Fenestra = Window Apertura = Hole into Hiatus = An Opening Rima = A Cleft Ostium = A door = An Entrance Orificium Porus =poros =pori = a narrow ROOM / SPACE FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme Cavum = Cavity Sinus = Hollow Recessus = Recess = Hiding Place Meatus = Passage Vestibulum = The Entrance Region of Tube Cellulae = Small Compartment Saccus = SAC Atrium = An Entrance Room FACULTY OF MEDICINE PROTRUSION International Programme Processus = Process Condylus = knob Spina = thorn Tuber = a hump Tuberculum = Tubercle FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme Crista = Crest Linea = Line Eminentia = Eminence = Hill Protuberantia = Protuberance Tuberosity : Rough Tuber Hamulus = A hook Trochanter = a great protrusion FACULTY OF MEDICINE CANAL International Programme Canalis = Canal Canaliculi = a small canal Ductus = a canal which be through something Ductuli = a small duct Tubus = a pipe shape duct Tubuli = a small tube FACULTY OF MEDICINE VALLEY/PLANE International Programme Fossa = A Slope Valley Fovea = A Steep Valley Foveola = A small fovea Facies = Facet = face Planum = Surface Sulcus = Groove Incisura = Notch Impressio = a hollow because be crushed something FACULTY OF MEDICINE OTHERS International Programme Caput = Cephale = head Capitulum = a small head Angulus = Angle Arcus = Arch = Curve = Bend Collum = Cervix = Neck Spatium = Space Corpus = Truncus = Body = trunk Radix = root Apex = top Basis = base FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme Ramus = Branch Clivus = Steep = A slope Discus = Quoit = Disc Stylo = Pencil Mast = Breast Ala = Wing Saeptum = A Barrier = Enclosure Margo = Border Cornu = Horn Shaped FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme Atrium = a small chamber Cingulum = a girdle Cornu = horn shape Malleus = a hammer Olecranon = the point of the elbow Acromion = the point of the shoulder Diastema = an interval; distance FACULTY OF MEDICINE Direction International Programme Superior = above Supra = over Inferior = below Infra = under Anterior = before = to front Posterior = after = to back Lateral = to side Medial = to middle Cranial = to head Caudal = to tail FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme Proximal = base =upper course Distal = tip =lower course Profundal = to deeper Superficial = to outer (to surface) Major = bigger = greater Minor = lesser Dorsal = to back Ventral = to front Transversal = transverse Longitudinal = long The samples of term in the part of bone FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme Foramen occipitale magnum Processus styloideus radii Tuber ischiadicum Canalis mandibularis Crista tuberculi majoris humeri Sulcus nervi ulnalis Incisura scapulae Caput femoris Collum costae Protuberantia occipitalis externa Spina iliaca anterior superior FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme Processus mastoideus Impressio trigemini Fossa supra spinosus scapulae Foramen infra orbitale Porus acusticus externus Crista iliaca externa Linea intertrochanterica Apertura canaliculi tympanici superior Angulus sterni Fovea petrosa FACULTY OF MEDICINE NAMES OF JOINT International Programme Articulatio Articulatio Articulatio Articulatio Articulatio Articulatio Articulatio Articulatio Articulatio Articulatio Articulatio Temporo Mandibularis Atlanto Occipitalis Intervertebralis Sterno Clavicularis Acromio Clavicularis Humeri Cubiti Radio Carpae Coxae Genu Talo Cruralis FACULTY OF MEDICINE NAMES OF LIGAMENTUM International Programme BASED ON ATTACHED: LIG. CORACO ACROMIALE POSITION : LIG. COLATERALE MEDIALE SHAPE : LIG. ANNULARE LIE : LIG. SUPRA SPINALE DIRECTION : LIG. TRANSVERSUM CARPI FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme ARTICULATIONES FIBROSAE -SUTURES -SYNDESMOSE -GOMPHOSES SYNARTHROSES SYNCHONOROSES ARTICULATIONES CARTILAGINEAE SYNOSTOSES ARTHROSES ARTICULATIONES JUNCTURAE AMPHIARTHOSES UNIAXIAL DIARTHOSES (SYNOVIAL JOINTS) SYMPHYSES PLANE GINGLYMUS/HINGE BICONDYLAR TROCOID/PIVOT ELLIPSOID BIAXIAL MULTIAXIAL (TRI/POLY) SELLAR/SADOLEL SPHEROID ENARTHOSIS = BALL & SOCKET FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme Musculus Penamaan (terminologi) otot didasarkan pada karakteristik tertentu misalnya : FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme Bentuk (quadratus femoris), Fungsi (levator scapulae), Posisi (latisimus dorsi), perlekatan (coracobrachialis), Panjang dan pendeknya (peroneus longus and peroneus brevis) , Besar dan kecilnya (gluteus maximus) , and Jumlah origo (biceps brachii) dan jumlah perut (digastricus venter anterior) FACULTY OF MEDICINE Bagian ujung otot International Programme They are properly called voluntary, skeletal, or striated muscles. Setiap otot(musculus) mempunyai dua ujung, keduanya mereka melekat pada bagian tulang atau jaringan yang satu ujung disebut origo dan yang lain disebut insertio. Origo adalah berposisi tetap dan ujung proximal atau punctum fixum, Insertio berposisi bergerak dan bagian ujung atau punctum mobile. FACULTY OF MEDICINE Nama gerak tubuh International Programme Flexi : anteflexi, retroflexi/dorsoflexi Extensi Abduksi Adduksi Rotasi: pronasi- supinasi; endorotasi –exorotasi, inversi -eversi Elevasi, Depressi Aposisi, reposisi FACULTY OF MEDICINE Bagian-bagian otot International Programme Bagian origo otot dinamakan kepala (cephal) dan di bagian insertio dinamakan ekor (caudal), dan bagian tengah otot dinamakan venter. Tendo dan aponeurosis adalah bagian otot yang tidak mengandung serabut otot dan sebagian besar mengandung jaringan colagen. Mereka merupakan perpanjangan otot untuk melekat pada tulang dan tidak mengandung serabut kontraktil Behavioral Objective FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme Name the three different types of bone cells and describe the function of each. Differentiate between compact bone and spongy bone with respect structure and location. Describe the structure of a long bone Explain how a long bone grows \ Differentiate between red and yellow marrow with respect to function and location. FACULTY OF MEDICINE International Programme List the bones in the axial skeleton List the bones in the appendicular skeleton Define the three types of joints based on type of movement Describe the structure of a synovial joint and give six examples of synovial joints Define six types of movement that occur at synovial joints.
