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Chapter 12: Volcanoes Study Guide Science How should I study for the Chapter 12 Science test? _____1) Highlight and review key concepts on this study guide _____2) Print out extra copies of the study guide at home and try filling it out again as a way to quiz yourself _____3) Use Quizlet to make cards/games for difficult terms _____4) Read through your notes and homework assignments from class, highlighting key details _____5) Take self-check quizzes on the textbook website: (link to textbook site on Mrs. Seifert’s webpage…then click on Chapter 12…then “Self-Check Quizzes”) What should I do if I still need help? _____1) Come before/after school for extra help with Dr. Browning or Mrs. Seifert Happy Studying!! “Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.” ~Thomas Alva Edison Chapter 12: Volcanoes Study Guide Science Chapter 12-1: Volcanoes and Earth’s Moving Plates 1. Define volcano: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2. Negative Effects of Eruptions a. _________ flows causes destruction b. Falling volcanic _______ can collapse buildings, block roads, cause lung disease c. _______________ _______ = volcanic ash and debris that run down the side of the volcano 3. Environmental Impacts a. _______ ______ forms when sulfurous gases from volcanoes mix with water vapor in the atmosphere i. This can impact ________________, ______, and __________. 4. How do volcanoes form? a. Heat and pressure changes cause rock to melt and form __________. b. Then, magma is forced up because it is less _______ than surrounding rocks. c. Lava flows onto Earth’s surface through an opening in Earth’s surface called a ________. d. A ___________ is a steep-walled depression around a volcano’s vent. 5. Volcanoes form at a. _______________ Plate Boundaries i. When volcanoes and rift eruptions rise above sea level, new __________ form. ii. Example: _____________ has volcanic activity because it is part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge b. _______________ Plate Boundaries i. Erupt more ________________ than other volcanoes ii. Example: The eruption of ___________________ _______ in Montserrat, West Indies killed ____ people in 1997. c. Hot Spots i. Example: ______________ Islands sit on top of a hot spot under the Pacific Plate. The world’s most active volcano, ____________, is here. Divergent Lakes Convergent violently Crater Dense streams Vent Iceland Acid rain Soufriere Hills Kilauea Hawaii Pyroclastic flow Ash Lava 20 Vegetation Islands Dense Magma Chapter 12: Volcanoes Study Guide Science Chapter 12-2: Types of Volcanoes (pages 336-343) Two factors help determine whether a volcanic eruption will be quiet or explosive: 1. Factor #1: The amount of _______ _________ and other _______ present. a. Gases can be ____________ in magma by pressure of surrounding magma and rock; eventually they cause an explosive eruption. b. Magma at convergent plate boundaries can contain a lot of ________ ________ that can cause explosive eruptions. 2. Factor #2: The amount of ___________ in its magma. a. ________________ magma: low in silica; fluid; produces a non-explosive eruption i. ____________________ lava runs down the side of a volcano, rope-like ii. ____________________ lava is a stiff, slow moving lava b. ________________ magma: intermediate silica; produces an explosive eruption c. ________________ magma: high in silica; produces an explosive eruption Three types of volcanoes form from the three types of _________. Volcano Type How it forms Quiet eruptions of basaltic lava spread out in flat layers Shape Broad volcano with gently sloping sides Picture Basaltic Shield Gases Tephra Cinder cone tephra Water vapor Composite Silica Andesitic _________ (bits of solidified lava or rocks) fall to ground Steep sided, loosely packed Pahoehoe Composition Aa Trapped Lava from alternating layers of quiet lava & more explosive tephra steep sides, alternating layers of tephra and lava Granitic Water vapor Chapter 12: Volcanoes Study Guide Science Review of Sections 1 & 2 (Volcanoes and Earth’s Moving Plates; Types of Volcanoes) 1. _____________________ melted rock formed by heat and pressure deep inside Earth 2. _____________________ area between mantle and core where hot rock is forced into the crust 3. _____________________ places where most volcanoes occur 4. _____________________ opening in Earth’s surface through which magma flows 5. _____________________ steep-walled depression around a volcano’s vent 6. _____________________ an opening in Earth’s surface that often forms a mountain when layers of lava and volcanic ash erupt 7. _____________________ cause rocks to melt and form magma 8. _____________________ area deep underground where molten rock often accumulates Magma magma chamber hot spot crater heat & pressure vent volcano plate boundaries 9. Two factors that control whether an eruption will be explosive or quiet: a. b. 10. Complete the following chart: Type of lava Amount of Silica Type of Eruption it Produces Basaltic Granitic 11. __________________ forms when magma explodes into the air, cooling and hardening into bits of rock. Chapter 12: Volcanoes Study Guide Science 12-3: Igneous Rock Features (pages 345 – 349) 1. _______________ ______________ rock features are formed from ___________ that is forced upward toward the Earth’s crust, then slowly cools and ______________underground before reaching the ____________. a. __________________ - rock bodies formed when magma bodies that are being forced upward from inside the Earth cool ______________ and solidify before reaching the surface b. __________________ - magma that hardens after being forced into a crack cutting across rock layers c. __________________ - magma that hardens after being forced into a crack ____________ to rock layers 2. Other Features a. _________________ __________ the solid igneous core of a volcano left behind after the softer cone has eroded away. b. _________________ - large, circular shaped depression formed when the top of a volcano collapses c. _________________ and erosion wear down surface rock and expose igneous rock features Batholiths Surface parallel Magma Label: Sill, Dike, Batholith, Caldera Slowly Dike sill Intrusive Igneous Volcanic neck Solidifies Weathering Caldera