Download Chapter 12: Volcanoes Study Guide

Chapter 12: Volcanoes Study Guide Science
How should I study for the Chapter 12 Science test?
_____1) Highlight and review key concepts on this study guide
_____2) Print out extra copies of the study guide at home and try filling it out
again as a way to quiz yourself
_____3) Use Quizlet to make cards/games for difficult terms
_____4) Read through your notes and homework assignments from class,
highlighting key details
_____5) Take self-check quizzes on the textbook website: (link to textbook
site on Mrs. Seifert’s webpage…then click on Chapter 12…then
“Self-Check Quizzes”)
What should I do if I still need help?
_____1) Come before/after school for extra help with Dr. Browning or
Mrs. Seifert
Happy Studying!!
“Genius is one percent inspiration and
ninety-nine percent perspiration.”
~Thomas Alva Edison
Chapter 12: Volcanoes Study Guide Science
Chapter 12-1: Volcanoes and Earth’s Moving Plates
1. Define volcano:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. Negative Effects of Eruptions
a. _________ flows causes destruction
b. Falling volcanic _______ can collapse buildings, block roads, cause lung disease
c. _______________ _______ = volcanic ash and debris that run down the side of the volcano
3. Environmental Impacts
a. _______ ______ forms when sulfurous gases from volcanoes mix with water vapor in the
atmosphere
i. This can impact ________________, ______, and __________.
4. How do volcanoes form?
a. Heat and pressure changes cause rock to melt and
form __________.
b. Then, magma is forced up because it is less
_______ than surrounding rocks.
c. Lava flows onto Earth’s surface through an
opening in Earth’s surface called a ________.
d. A ___________ is a steep-walled depression
around a volcano’s vent.
5. Volcanoes form at
a. _______________ Plate Boundaries
i. When volcanoes and rift eruptions rise
above sea level, new __________ form.
ii. Example: _____________ has volcanic activity because it is part of the Mid-Atlantic
Ridge
b. _______________ Plate Boundaries
i. Erupt more ________________ than other volcanoes
ii. Example: The eruption of ___________________ _______ in Montserrat, West Indies
killed ____ people in 1997.
c. Hot Spots
i. Example: ______________ Islands sit on top of a hot spot under the Pacific Plate. The
world’s most active volcano, ____________, is here.
Divergent
Lakes
Convergent
violently
Crater
Dense
streams
Vent
Iceland
Acid rain
Soufriere Hills
Kilauea
Hawaii
Pyroclastic flow
Ash
Lava
20
Vegetation
Islands
Dense
Magma
Chapter 12: Volcanoes Study Guide Science
Chapter 12-2: Types of Volcanoes (pages 336-343)
Two factors help determine whether a volcanic eruption will be quiet or explosive:
1. Factor #1: The amount of _______ _________ and other _______ present.
a. Gases can be ____________ in magma by pressure of surrounding magma and rock;
eventually they cause an explosive eruption.
b. Magma at convergent plate boundaries can contain a lot of ________ ________ that
can cause explosive eruptions.
2. Factor #2: The amount of ___________ in its magma.
a. ________________ magma: low in silica; fluid; produces a non-explosive eruption
i. ____________________ lava runs down the side of a volcano, rope-like
ii. ____________________ lava is a stiff, slow moving lava
b. ________________ magma: intermediate silica; produces an explosive eruption
c. ________________ magma: high in silica; produces an explosive eruption
Three types of volcanoes form from the three types of _________.
Volcano
Type
How it forms Quiet eruptions of
basaltic lava spread out in
flat layers
Shape
Broad volcano with gently
sloping sides
Picture
Basaltic
Shield
Gases
Tephra
Cinder cone
tephra
Water vapor
Composite
Silica
Andesitic
_________ (bits of
solidified lava or rocks) fall
to ground
Steep sided, loosely packed
Pahoehoe
Composition
Aa
Trapped
Lava
from alternating layers of
quiet lava & more explosive
tephra
steep sides, alternating
layers of tephra and lava
Granitic
Water vapor
Chapter 12: Volcanoes Study Guide Science
Review of Sections 1 & 2 (Volcanoes and Earth’s Moving Plates; Types of Volcanoes)
1. _____________________ melted rock formed by heat and pressure deep inside Earth
2. _____________________ area between mantle and core where hot rock is forced into the crust
3. _____________________ places where most volcanoes occur
4. _____________________ opening in Earth’s surface through which magma flows
5. _____________________ steep-walled depression around a volcano’s vent
6. _____________________ an opening in Earth’s surface that often forms a mountain when layers of
lava and volcanic ash erupt
7. _____________________ cause rocks to melt and form magma
8. _____________________ area deep underground where molten rock often accumulates
Magma
magma chamber
hot spot
crater
heat & pressure
vent
volcano
plate boundaries
9. Two factors that control whether an eruption will be explosive or quiet:
a.
b.
10. Complete the following chart:
Type of lava
Amount of Silica
Type of Eruption it Produces
Basaltic
Granitic
11. __________________ forms when magma explodes into the air, cooling and hardening into bits of
rock.
Chapter 12: Volcanoes Study Guide Science
12-3: Igneous Rock Features (pages 345 – 349)
1. _______________ ______________ rock features are formed from ___________ that is forced upward
toward the Earth’s crust, then slowly cools and ______________underground before reaching the
____________.
a. __________________ - rock bodies formed when magma bodies that are being forced upward
from inside the Earth cool ______________ and solidify before
reaching the surface
b. __________________ - magma that hardens after being forced into a crack cutting across rock
layers
c. __________________ - magma that hardens after being forced into a crack ____________ to
rock layers
2. Other Features
a. _________________ __________ the solid igneous core of a volcano left behind after the
softer cone has eroded away.
b. _________________ - large, circular shaped depression formed when the top of a volcano
collapses
c. _________________ and erosion wear down surface rock and expose igneous rock features
Batholiths
Surface
parallel
Magma
Label: Sill, Dike, Batholith, Caldera
Slowly
Dike
sill
Intrusive Igneous
Volcanic neck
Solidifies
Weathering
Caldera