Download Table of Contents - Beginning American Singers

Anthology For Beginning American singers
Table of Contents
foreword
by dr. thomas houser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .viii
The Americans
second new england school
bio/song/ipa
arthur foote (1853-1937) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Milkmaid’s Song . . . . . . . . 2 / 5
george whitefield chadwick (1854-1931) . . As Summer Wind . . . . . . . . . . .8 / 10
How Flowers Fade . . . . . . . . . . .8 / 11
edward macdowell (1860-1908) . . . . . . . . . . A Maid Sings Light . . . . . . . . . 12 / 15
horatio parker (1863-1919) . . . . . . . . . Come, O Come My Life’s Delight . . . .17/ 19
amy (mrs. h. h. a.) beach (1867-1944) . . . . . . The Year’s At the Spring . . . . .21/ 23
/107
/108
/109
/110
/111
/112
stylistic offshoots
bio/song/ipa
charles edward ives (1874-1954) . . . . . . . . . Nature’s Way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25/ 28 /113
john alden carpenter (1876-1951). . . . . . . . Looking-Glass River . . . . . . . . . .29/ 31 /114
charles wakefield cadman (1881-1946). . . The Pearl Lies In the Sea . . . . . .33/ 36 /115
Transition
george frideric handel (1685-1759) . . . . . . Art Thou Troubled? . . . . . . . . .39/ 43 /116
Dov’é sei, amato bene? . . . . . . . 39/ 45 /117
The Italians
bio/song/ipa
andrea falconieri (1585/86-1656) . . . . . . . . . O bellissimi capelli . . . . . . . . . . .47/ 49
francesca caccini (1587-after 1641). . . . . . . . Furon saggi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51/ 55
barbara strozzi (1619-1677) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .La fanciuletta semplice . . . . . . .57/ 59
alessandro scarlatti (1660-1725) . . . . . . . . .Son tutta duolo . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63/ 67
francesco gasparini (1668-1727). . . . . . . . . . Caro laccio, dolce nodo . . . . . . .69/ 71
antonio vivaldi (1678-1741) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Vieni, vieni o mio diletto . . . . .73/ 75
Piango, gemo, sospiro e peno . . 73/ 77
benedetto marcello (1686-1739) . . . . . . . . . É quella, quella sì . . . . . . . . . . . 81/ 84
gaetano donizetti (1797-1848) . . . . . . . . . . .Al dolce guidami castel natio! . 86/ 90
/118
/119
/120
/121
/122
/123
/123
/124
/125
International Phonetic Alphabet (I.P.A.) Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93—106
I.P.A. Transcriptions with Word-For-Word Translations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107—125
Glossary of Terms and Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126—132
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133—134
Single american vowel sounds
IPA symbol
Examples
Some American
English spellings
Pronunciation Hints
[ ´]
her, fervent, berth,
birth, sir, curl, burp
er, ir, ur
[o]
obey, provide,
desolate
o
[ɔ]
ball, caw, morn,
pause, brought
a, aw, or, au, ou
[u]
blue, boot, you, do
u, oo, ou, o
[υ]
put, book, wool,
wood, would
u, oo, ou
[√]
up, putt, other
u, o
found in stressed syllables:
lips curled outward, tongue
behind lower front teeth for
‘r-less’ sound.
found in unstressed
syllables; does not slide
toward ‘oo’ at the end, lips
stay round. Always spelled
single letter ‘o.’
stressed: lips must be very
rounded, shaped like an
oval.
stressed; cheek muscles
push lips forward, lips are
rounded and more
protruded than [ o ],
opening is smaller. Avoid
making ‘w’ sound when
[ u ] ends the word.
stressed; lips must be
rounded, but not as
protruded as [ u ].
stressed sound; lips relaxed,
jaws not quite as wide apart
as for [ɑ].
never stressed or accented;
neutral vowel—known as
‘schwa’.
a, appeal, vista,
brilliant
a
emir, fiddle, the
e
juniper, pencil
i
synonym, symptom
of
o
minus, circular,
jealous
u, ou
[ə]
Schwa has no sound of its
own. Schwa can be
sustained.
Anthology for Beginning American Singers
{ 1860 Birth
{ 1868 Begins
Musical Studies
{ 1876 Paris
Conservatory
{ 1883 Published
{ 1908 Death
{ Opening of the Pony
Express, which lasts for 16
months as the most reliable
overland mail delivery
system in the world.
{ Italian patriot Giuseppi
Garibaldi (1807-1882)
begins conquest of Sicily
(Risorgimento).
{ Florence Nightingale
establishes the Nightingale
Training School for nurses
in London. { Lady Elgin
rammed on Lake Michigan;
hundreds drown.
{ Abraham Lincoln (18091865) elected 16th US
President. { South
Carolina secedes from the
Union (Dec. 20) ushering in
American Civil War.
{ President Andrew
Johnson (1808-1875)
impeached, tried and
acquitted after he
challenges Tenure of
Office Law (1867)
restricting
presidential powers.
{ 14th Amendment
ratified, effectively
granting citizenship
to ex-slaves.
{ Death of opera
composer
Gioacchino Rossini
(b. 1792).
{ Remains of CroMagnon discovered
for first time in
France.
{ Johns Hopkins
University opens in
Baltimore.
{ Colorado
becomes 38th State.
{ First 2-way
telephone
conversation.
{ Bananas
introduced at the
Philadelphia
Centennial
Exposition as an
exotic food.
{ Wild Bill Hickok
(b. 1837) shot in the
back and killed
while playing cards,
Deadwood, Colo.
{ First sardines
packed in cans.
{ Opening of the
Metropolitan Opera
House, New York
City. { Krakatoa
volcano erupts, kills
36,417; explosion
believed to be
loudest sound in
recorded history,
shock wave travels
around world 7
times. { Buffalo Bill
Cody (1846-1917)
opens first Wild West
Show. { Alfred
Packer (1842-1907)
convicted of
cannibalism in
Colorado. { US
Supreme Court
declares Civil Rights
Act of 1875
unconstitutional.
{ First New Year’s
Eve ball drops in
Time Square.
{ Last (Qing)
Emperor (P’u-Yi,
1906-1967) takes
throne in China.
{ Orville Wright
(1871-1948) takes
first passenger for
flight in an airplane;
5 months later, first
passenger fatality
occurs, Wright
severely injured.
{ Henry Ford
(1863-1947)
produces first
Model T
automobile.
EDWARD MACDOWELL (1860-1908)
E
dward MacDowell (b., d., New York City) was the first American composer
to achieve international fame. Born into a well-to-do Quaker family, Edward’s interest
in the arts was encouraged from the time he was a child. He began his piano studies
when he was eight, and for a time was a pupil of the great Venezuelan pianist, Teresa Carreño,22
whose later championing of MacDowell’s piano works formed part of the basis for his
international fame.
In 1876, it was determined that Edward’s mother should take him to France for European
study and he was admitted to the Paris Conservatory at the age of fourteen. Two years later,
having heard Nicolai Rubinstein23 play at the Paris Exhibition, MacDowell decided he wanted a
more Germanic education. He withdrew from the Paris Conservatory to attend the
Conservatory in Frankfurt am Main, Germany (1879), where he studied piano, advanced
composition and counterpoint.
That same year, Franz Liszt visited the conservatory and, on several occasions, heard
MacDowell play. In 1883, Liszt recommended that Breitkopf and Härtel24 publish young
22
Teresa Carreño (1853-1917), pianist, composer and singer, whose teachers from the age of 8 included some
of the foremost pianists of their time. Among them were Louis Moreau Gottschalk (1829-1869) in New York,
and in Paris, Anton Rubinstein (1829-1894), the Russian virtuoso whose fame as pianist/composer was second
only to that of the great Franz Liszt.
23
Nicolai Rubinstein (1835-1881) Anton’s brother, was a fine pianist, though Nicolai’s few surviving
compositions are not notable.
24
Breitkopf and Härtel (est. 1719) is one of the world’s most important and respected publishers of music.
Anthology for Beginning American Singers
{ 1587 Birth
{ Elizabeth I of
England (15331603) orders her
cousin Mary
Stuart, Queen of
Scots (b., 1542)
beheaded for
treason.
{ Virginia Dare
first English child
born in North
America;
disappeared
1587. (Roanoke,
NC).
{ 1600 Singing
{ 1607 Medici
{ 1625/26 Era of
Debut
Service Begins
Greatest Fame
{ Beginning of the
Baroque Era in
music.
{ Formation of the
British East India
Tea Company
(1600-1873).
{ Jacopo Peri
(1561-1633) and
Giulio Caccini write
the opera Euridice
for wedding of
Maria de‘ Medici
and Henri IV of
France.
{ Premiere of
Claudio
Monteverdi’s
(1567-1643) opera
Orfeo. { First
permanent English
settlement in New
World established
at Jamestown, Va.;
over half the
settlers die in the
first year.
{ Birth of John
Harvard (d.1638)
benefactor of
Harvard
University.
{ Poet/playwright William
Shakespeare (b. c. 1557)
dies in London (1625).
{ The Dutch found town
of New Amsterdam (later
New York) on southern tip
of Manhattan Island (1625).
{ Local Lenape Indians sell
Manhattan Island to Dutch
governor-general Peter
Minuit (1580-1638) for $24
in trinkets and beads
(1626). { William Heyther
(c. 1563-1627) endows
professorship in music at
Oxford University (1626).
{ Charles Stuart becomes
King of England, asserts
“divine right of kings,”
alarming Parliament.
{ c. 1641 Death??
{ Puritan minister
Nathaniel Ward’s (15781652) The Body of
Liberties, codifying
fundamental legal rights
accepted by the General
Court of Massachusetts;
includes the right to
equal justice, the right of
appeal, the guarantee
against double jeopardy,
the banning of cruelty to
wives and animals. It
also recognizes existence
of slavery. { Puritans in
English Parliament
attempt to limit powers
of King Charles I; Irish
Uprising explodes in
Ulster.
Francesca Caccini (1587-after 1641)
F
rancesca Caccini, ‘La Cecchina,’94 (b. Florence, Italy; d., probably Florence)
was the elder daughter and foremost pupil of musician and composer Giulio Caccini.95
Known primarily as a remarkable singer and composer, Francesca also wrote poetry and
played lute, guitar and harpsichord.
Francesca made her singing debut at age of thirteen (1600) in Paris at the wedding of
Maria de’ Medici96 and Henri IV, King of France. Four years later, the Caccini family was
invited to perform at the French Court and King Henri asked that Francesca (whom he had
called the best singer in all of France) be allowed to enter his service. The Medici refused and
Francesca returned with her family to Florence.97 In 1607, she officially entered the service of
94
“The Songbird.”
95
Giulio Caccini (1551-1618) was among the most important composers, singers and singing teachers of his
generation. He is credited with being a founder of the operatic form, though perhaps more for helping to define
operatic performance practice than for composition. His first wife, Lucia (Francesca’s mother), was a singer.
His second wife, Margherita, also a singer, was the mother of his son Pompeo and daughter Settimia (c.15911638). Settimia became nearly as famous as Francesca, and was eventually the highest paid performer at the
Mantuan Court. Giulio trained both of his daughters and probably his wives.
96
The Medici family of Florence was the wealthiest family in Italy and its members were very important patrons
of the arts and of literature. The Medici ruled Florence and the Duchy of Tuscany for well over two hundred
years. Medici children married into—and produced heirs for—most of the royal houses of Europe.
97
Musicians were servants, who had to be released from one court and granted permission by their lords to
take up service in another. Giulio Caccini’s enthusiastic recommendation to one court cited—among other
attributes—his valuable abilities as gardener and secretary.
Even international fame did not permit musicians a place at the ducal dinner table unless their lord
willed it—and, at times, the greatest singers endured insults from the nobles seated with them. A female singer