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20 mV Input, 4.2 V Output Boost Converter with Methodology of Maximum Output Power for Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting Abstract: This paper presents a low-input-voltage boost converter for thermoelectric energy harvesting. In environments with 1-2 K thermal difference, such as in the case of a body wearable application, TEG generates several micro watts and tens of mV to the boost converter. For the low-input-voltage operation, the power consumption of the control circuit of the proposed boost converter is reduced by using a duty-cycle bandgap reference voltage circuit. In order to maximizing the output power, the input voltage of the boost converter is conventionally set to half of an open voltage of a thermoelectric generator (TEG). In this setting, however, conduction losses such as those of an inductor and a power switch are not considered. The conventional boost converter cannot output the maximum output power. We propose a methodology of the maximum output power considering the conduction losses in the boost converter. The boost converter was implemented in a 0.13μm CMOS process. The output voltage can be boosted from 20 mV input which is the open voltage of TEG of 1.5 Ω source resistance. The measurement results show that the output power is increased by approximately 10% using the proposed methodology for the open voltage between 20 mV and 100 mV Existing System: For sensor ICs operating for a long time without maintenance, development of a boost converter connected to a thermoelectric generator (TEG) and a secondary battery such as a Li-ion battery is underway. In environments with 1-2 K thermal difference, such as in the case of a body-wearable application, TEG generates several micro watts and tens of mV to the boost converter. Since the output power of the TEG is very small, power consumption in a control circuit of the boost converter should be reduced. Furthermore, the impedances of the boost converter and the TEG should be matched so that maximum output power at the boost converter is achieved. Proposed system: In the proposed system by using conventional methodology, the input voltage of the boost converter is set to half of an open voltage of the TEG. In this setting, however, conduction losses such as those of an inductor and a power switch are not considered. The conventional boost converter cannot output the maximum output power. We propose a methodology to achieve the maximum output power where the conduction losses in the boost converter are taken into account. Circuit diagram: Reference: [1] S.Lineykin and S. Ben-Yaakov, "Modeling and Analysis of Thermoelectric Modules," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol.43, no.2, pp.505-512, 2007. [2] J. Kim and C. Kim, "A DC–DC Boost Converter with VariationTolerant MPPT Technique and Efficient ZCS Circuit for Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting Applications," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol.28, no.8, pp.3827-3833, 2013. [3] Linear Technology, LTC 3108 datasheet, 2010, http://cds.linear.com/docs/en/datasheet/3108fc. pdf. [4] Y. K. Ramadass and A. P. Chandrakasan, "A Battery-Less Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting Interface Circuit With 35 mV Startup Voltage," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol.46, no.1, pp.333-341, 2011.