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Bell Work Do you live in a region that receives plenty of rain or in a region that is dry? Think about how that affects you as you. • Please answer on the “Bell Work” slip. The First Civilizations Chapter 1 Mesopotamian Civilization Section 2 Text Page 17 Mesopotamia’s Civilization • Main Idea—Civilization in Mesopotamia began in the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. • Civilization—complex societies with cities, organized governments, art, religion, class divisions, and writing system. Why were the Valleys Important? Feed large number of people Good Farming Conditions Why were river valleys important? Exchange of goods and ideas. Easier to move and trade The Rise of Sumer • The area between the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers. • In what is now called Iraq. • Mesopotamia—Greek for “the land between the rivers.” • Mesopotamia--known as the Fertile Crescent. Important to know Fertile Crescent Sumer • 3000 B.C.E. • Region in southern Mesopotamia where a very large population grew. • Farmers learned to irrigate and were able to grow large amounts of food to support larger cities and villages. What Were City-States? • City-state—a city and the land surrounding it having it’s own government and not belonging to any larger unit of organization. • Sumerian city-states often went to war with one another over glory or territory. • Often the city-states built walls around their cities to protect it’s residence. Gods and Rulers • Ziggurats were built to honor their many gods. • Ziggurat means “mountain of god” or “hill of heaven.” • They were very prominent in many city-states. Possibly Then Now Sumerian Social Class Upper class including Kings, priests and government officials Middle class were artisans, merchants, farmers, and fishers. Lower class were enslaved people who worked on farms and in temples. What Was Life Like in Sumer? • Most people lived in mud-brick houses and a few lived in palaces. • Most were farmers while some were artisans. • Artisan—skilled workers who made metal products, cloth, or pottery. Ticket Out The Door • How did Mesopotamians control the flow of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers? Turn in the “Bell/Ticket” slip as you leave class. Bell Work What is your favorite book? • Please answer on the “Bell Work” slip. A Skilled People • Main Idea—Sumerians invented writing and made other important contributions to later peoples. • Mesopotamia is known as the “cradle of civilization.” Why Was Writing Important? • Record keeping and keeping track of business were some important reasons for the development of writing. • Cuneiform—consisted of hundreds of wedgeshaped marks cut into damp clay tablets with a sharp-ended reed. Worlds first ISN Sumerian Literature • Worlds oldest know written story. • Epic of Gilgamesh—epic poem telling the story of the hero, Gilgamesh. Advances in Science and Math • • • • • Wagon Wheel Plow Sailboat Geometry Number system based on 60 – 60 min hour, 60 sec min, 360 degree circle • Developed calendar based on moon cycles. Ticket Out The Door • List your favorite invention of the Sumerian people. Turn in the “Bell/Ticket” slip as you leave class. Bell Work Have you heard of the Roman Empire, the Aztec Empire, or the British Empire? What other empires can you think of? • Please answer on the “Bell Work” slip. Sargon and Hammurabi • Main Idea—Sumerian city-states lost power when they were conquered by outsiders. • Empire—a group of many different lands under one ruler. Sargon • • • • King of Akkadians World’s first empire He conquered all of Mesopotamia Lasted more than 200 years. Hammurabi • 1800s B.C.E. Hammurabi, King of Babylon became most powerful ruler in Mesopotamia. • He is best know for his collection of laws. • The laws covered crimes, farming and business activities, marriage and family, and almost every area of life! Ticket Out The Door • Why was Sargon’s empire important? Turn in the “Bell/Ticket” slip as you leave class.