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SYLLABUS: Modern World History 2010-2011 PART IV: INTERREGIONAL PATTERNS OF CULTURE AND CONTACT, 1200-1550 Chapter 15: The Maritime Revolution, to 1550 Spanish and Portuguese maritime exploration beginning in the 15th century led to a marked increase in Europe’s worldwide political influence and economic wealth, challenging the superiority of the Asian empires, introducing an Atlantic slave trade and devastating the native peoples of the Americas. 1 Global Maritime Expansion Before 1450: The Pacific Ocean; The Indian Ocean; The Atlantic Ocean • 2 3 4 5 Zheng He • Arawak European Expansion, 1400-1550: Motives for Exploration; Portuguese Voyages • Henry the Navigator • Caravel • Bartolomeu Dias • Vasco de Gama European Expansion, 1400-1550: Spanish Voyages • Christopher Columbus • Ferdinand Magellan Encounters with Europe, 1450-1550: Western Africa; Eastern Africa; Indian Ocean States Encounters with Europe, 1450-1550: The Americas • • • • • 411-417 417-422 422-424 425-431 431-435 Conquistadors Hernan Cortés Moctezuma II Francisco Pizarro Atahualpa PART V: THE GLOBE ENCOMPASSED, 1500-1750 Chapter 16: Transformations in Europe, 1500-1700 The Reformation and the Scientific Revolution questioned the basic principles of the Church, which ultimately cultivated the importance of the individual in politics, economics and society. {note: theme: both conflict/change AND continuity change is not complete. . . 6 Culture and Ideas: Religious Reformation; Traditional Thinking and Witch-Hunts • • Renaissance Papacy 443-448 SYLLABUS: Modern World History 2010-2011 • • • 7 • Culture and Ideas: The Scientific Revolution; The Early Enlightenment • 8 9 Indulgence Protestant Reformation Catholic Reformation Witch-Hunt Scientific Revolution • Enlightenment Social and Economic Life: The Bourgeoisie; Women and the Family • Bourgeoisie • Joint-stock companies • Stock Exchanges • Gentry • Little Ice Age • Deforestation Political Innovations: State Development; Religious Policies; Political Craft and Craftiness • • 451-457 457-459; 460-461 Holy Roman Empire Habsburgs 10 Political Innovations: Monarchies in England and France; Warfare and Diplomacy; Paying the Piper • • • 449-451 English Civil War Versailles Balance of Power 459; 462-466 and English Bill of Rights Chapter 17: The Diversity of American Colonial Societies, 1530-1770 Spanish and Portuguese colonies in Latin America offered prosperity to Europe but wrought havoc on indigenous peoples through disease, theft of natural resources and forced labor. 11 The Columbian Exchange: Demographic Changes; Transfer of Plants and Animals • Columbian Exchange 12 Spanish America and Brazil: State and Church; Colonial Economies • • 475-478 Council of the Indies Bartolome de Las Casas 13 Spanish America and Brazil: Colonial Economies • • 471-475 478-481 Potosí Encomienda 14 Spanish America and Brazil: Society in Colonial Latin America • Creoles 481-486 SYLLABUS: Modern World History 2010-2011 • Mestizos • Mulattos 15 Colonial Expansion and Conflict: Imperial Reform in Spanish America and Brazil • Tupac Amaru II SkipN.Amer. 493-495 Chapter 18: The Atlantic System and Africa, 1550-1800 The focus of African trade shifted to the Atlantic world as the sugar industry exploited African slaves, depriving them of political, economic and social freedoms. 16 Plantations in the West Indies: Colonization Before 1650; Sugar and Slaves • • • Atlantic System Chartered Companies Dutch West India Company 17 Creating the Atlantic Economy: Capitalism and Mercantilism; The Atlantic Circuit • • • • • 511-516 Capitalism Mercantilism Royal African Company Atlantic Circuit “Middle Passage” 18 Africa, The Atlantic and Islam: The Gold Coast and the Slave Coast; The Bight of Biafra and Angola 19 Primary Source 20 Africa, The Atlantic and Islam: Africa’s, European and Islamic Contacts • • • 501-505 517-520 Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equianno 520-525 Songhai Hausa Bornu Chapter 19: Southwest Asia and the Indian Ocean, 1500-1750 Although each of the Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal Empires were initially able to centralize power, these empires declined in the face of growing European trade in the region. 21 The Ottoman Empire, to 1750: Expansion and Frontiers; Central Institutions • • • • 529-535; 538 Ottoman Empire Suleiman the Magnificent Janissaries Devshirme 22 The Ottoman Empire, to 1750: Islamic Law and Ottoman Rule; 536-541 SYLLABUS: Modern World History 2010-2011 Crisis of the Military State, 1585-1650; Economic Change and Growing Weakness, 1650-1750 • Tulip Period 23 The Safavid Empire, 1502 to 1722: The Rise of the Safavids; Society and Religion; A Tale of Two Cities: Isfahan and Istanbul; Economic Crisis and Political Collapse • • • • Safavid Empire Shi’ite Islam Hidden Imam Shah Abbas I 24 The Mughal Empire, 1526-1761: Political Foundations; Hindus and Muslims; Central Decay and Regional Challenges, 1707-1761 • Mughal Empire • Akbar • Mansabs • Rajputs • Sikhism 25 The Maritime Worlds of Islam, 1500-1750: Muslims in Southeast Asia; Muslims in Coastal Africa; European Powers in Southern Seas • • • • 541-546 546-549 549-553 Acheh Sultanate Oman Swahili Batavia Chapter 20: Northern Eurasia, 1500-1800 Both China and Japan chose isolation from the pressures of European influence and trade; however, Russia encouraged increasing contact with and imitation of Europe. 26 Japanese Reunification: Civil War and the Invasion of Korea, 1500-1603; The Tokugawa Shogunate, to 1800; Japan and the Europeans; Elite Decline and Social Crisis • • • • Manchu Daimyo Samurai Tokugawa Shogunate 27 The Later Ming and Early Qing Empires: The Ming Empire, 15001644; Ming Collapse and the Rise of the Qing; Trading Companies and Missionaries; Emperor Kangxi; Gendered Violence: The Yangzhou Massacre • • • • 557-564 Ming Empire Qing Empire Kangxi Amur River 564-571 SYLLABUS: Modern World History 2010-2011 28 The Later Ming and Early Qing Empires: Chinese Influences on Europe; Tea and Diplomacy; Population and Social Stress • Macartney mission 29 The Russian Empire: The Drive Across Northern Asia; Russian Society and Politics to 1725; Peter the Great; Consolidation of the Empire • • • • • • • 571-574 574-580 Muscovy Ural Mountains Tsar Siberia Cossacks Serfs Peter the Great PART VI: REVOLUTIONS RESHAPE THE WORLD, 1750-1870 The Impact of the Enlightenment on Political Revolution Chapter 21: Revolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World, 1750-1850 Chapter 23: Nation Building and Economic Transformation in the Americas, 1800-1890 The Enlightenment challenged western governments that did not derive their authority from the people, triggering revolutions in North America, France and Haiti. 30 Prelude to Revolution: The Eighteenth Century Crisis: Colonial Wars and Fiscal Crisis; The Enlightenment and the Old Order; Folk Cultures and Popular Protest 589-595 • 31 Enlightenment • Benjamin Franklin Primary Source 32 The French Revolution, 1789-1815: French Society and Fiscal Crisis; Protest Turns to Revolution, 1789-1792 • Estates General • National Assembly • Declaration of the Rights of Man 33 The French Revolution, 1789-1815: The Terror, 17931794 • • Jacobins Maximilien Robespierre 34 The French Revolution, 1789-1815: Reaction and the Rise of Napoleon, 1795-1815; Robespierre and Wollstonecraft Defend and Explain the Terror Declaration of Independence 599-603 603-605; Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen 605-608 SYLLABUS: Modern World History 2010-2011 • Napoleon Bonaparte 35 Revolution Spreads and Conservatives Respond, 17891850: The Haitian Revolution, 1789-1804; The Congress of Vienna and Conservative Retrenchment, 1815-1820 • • • 608-612 Gens de Couleur Francois Dominique Toussaint L’Ouverture Congress of Vienna 36 Independence in Latin America, 1800-1830: Roots of Revolution, to 1810; Spanish South America, 1810-1825; Mexico, 1810-1823, Brazil, to 1831 • Simón Bolívar • Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla • José María Morelos 645-651 The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact Chapter 22: The Early Industrial Revolution, 1760-1851 Chapter 23: Nation Building and Economic transformation in the Americas, 1800-1890 Chapter 26: The New Power Balance, 1850-1900 European economies skyrocketed as a result of mass production eventually contributing to the political importance of the working class and women as the wealth of these nations became increasingly dependent on their efforts. 37 Causes of the Industrial Revolution: Population Growth; The Agricultural Revolution; Trade and Inventiveness; Britain and Continental Europe; Adam Smith and the Division of Labor • • Industrial Revolution Agricultural Revolution 38 The Technological Revolution: Mass Production: Pottery; Mechanization: The Cotton Industry; The Iron Industry; The Steam Engine; Railroads; Communication Over Wires • • • • • • • • • 619-625 626-632 Mass production Josiah Wedgwood Division of labor Mechanization Richard Arkwright Crystal Palace Steam Engine James Watt Electric Telegraph 39 The Impact of the Early Industrial Revolution: The New Industrial Cities; Rural Environments; Working Conditions; Gas Lighting 40 The Impact of the Early Industrial Revolution: Changes in Society New Economic and Political Ideas: Laissez Faire and Its Critics; Positivists and Utopian Socialists; Protests and Reforms; 632-637 638-641 SYLLABUS: Modern World History 2010-2011 The Limits of Industrialization Outside the West • • • • • Business cycles Laissez faire Mercantilism Positivism Utopian Socialism 41 The Challenge of Social and Economic Change: Women’s Rights and the Struggle for Social Justice • Women’s Rights Convention 42 The Struggle for Social Justice: The Abolition of Slavery 43 New Technologies and the World Economy: Railroads; Steamships and Telegraph Cables; The Steel and Chemical Industries; Electricity; World Trade and Finance • • • • 668-669; Why We Are Militant; Why Women Should Vote Speech by William Wilberforce 739-744 Commodore Matthew Perry Railroads Submarine Telegraph Cables Steel Electricity Thomas Edison • • 44 Social Changes: Populations and Migrations; Railroads and Immigration; Urbanization and Urban Environments; Middle-Class Women’s “Separate Sphere”; Working-Class Women • Victorian Age • Separate spheres 45 Socialism and Labor Movements: Marx and Socialism; Cotton Clothing; Labor Movements; Marx and Engels on Global Trade and the Bourgeoisie • Socialism • Labor Unions • Karl Marx • Anarchist 744-749 749-754 Chapter 24: Land Empires in the Age of Imperialism, 1800-1870 Although the Ottoman, Russian and Chinese Empires adopted some reforms, these empires could not withstand the revolutionary changes brought by an industrialized Europe. 46 The Ottoman Empire: Egypt and the Napoleonic Example, 17981840; Ottoman Reform and the European Model, 1807-1853 679-686 SYLLABUS: Modern World History 2010-2011 • • • • Muhammad Ali Janissaries Serbia Tanzimat 47 The Ottoman Empire: The Crimean War and Its Aftermath, 18531877; The Web of War • • • 48 Crimean War Extraterritoriality Young Ottomans The Russian Empire: Russia and Europe; Russia and Asia; Cultural Trends • • • 50 690-693 Slavofiles Pan-Slavism Decembrist revolt 49 The Qing Empire: Economic and Social Disorder, 1800-1839; The Opium War and Its Aftermath, 1839-1850/ The Taiping Rebellion, 1851-1864 • • • • • • • 686-690 693-699 Opium Wars Bannermen Treaty of Nanking Treaty Ports Most-Favored Nation Status Taiping Rebellion The Qing Empire: Decentralization at the End of the Qing Empire, 1864-1875; Chinese Responses to Imperialism 699-703 Chapter 25: Africa, India and the New British Empire, 1750-1870 European nations, particularly Great Britain, took advantage of economic uncertainty in Africa and seized even greater control of other parts of the world, particularly India and Australia, in an effort to stabilize its flow of raw materials. 51 India Under British Rule: Company Men; Raj and Rebellion, 716-723 1818-1857; Political Reform and Industrial Impact; Ceremonials of Imperial Domination • Nawabs • Sepoys • British raj • Sepoy Rebellion • Indian Civil Service • Durbars 52 India Under British Rule: Rising Indian Nationalism • 723-724 Indian National Congress 53 Britain’s Eastern Empire: Colonies and Commerce; Imperial Policies and Shipping; Colonization of Australia and New Zealand; Whaling; New Labor Migrations 724-731 SYLLABUS: Modern World History 2010-2011 • • Clipper ships Contracts of indenture PART VII: GLOBAL DIVERSITY AND DOMINANCE, 1850-1945 Chapter 27: The New Imperialism, 1869-1914 Driven by the industrial machine, Europeans scrambled for possessions in Africa, Asia and Latin America where they met with spirited but often futile resistance. 54 The New Imperialism: Motives and Methods: Political Motives; Cultural Motives; Economic Motives; The Tools of the Imperialists; Colonial Agents and Administration • • • • Suez Canal New Imperialism Battle of Omdurman Colonialism 55 The Scramble for Africa: Egypt; Western and Equatorial Africa; Southern Africa • • • • • • • 780-784 Asante Menelik 57 Imperialism in Asia and the Pacific: Hawaii and the Philippines, 1878-1902 Imperialism in Latin America: Railroads and the Imperialism of Free Trade; American Expansionism and the Spanish-American War, 1898; American Intervention in the Caribbean and Central America, 1901-1914 • • • 775-780 Scramble for Africa Henry Morton Stanley King Leopold II Savorgnan de Brazza Berlin Conference Afrikaners Cecil Rhodes 56 The Scramble for Africa: Political and Social Consequences; Cultural Responses; Two Africans Recall the Arrival of the Europeans • • 769-775 788-791; The White Man’s Burden Emilio Aguinaldo Free-trade Imperialism Panama Canal Chapter 26: The New Power Balance, 1850-1900 As nationalist sentiments grew in Europe, tensions rose among these western governments and those in Asia seeking to modernize and combat western dominance. SYLLABUS: Modern World History 2010-2011 58 Nationalism and the Rise of Italy, Germany and Japan: Language and National Identity in Europe before 1871; The Unification of Italy, 1860-1870; • • • Nationalism Liberalism Giuseppe Garibaldi 59 Nationalism and the Rise of Italy, Germany and Japan: The Unification of Germany, 1866-1871 • Otto von Bismarck 60 Nationalism and the Rise of Italy, Germany and Japan: The West Challenges Japan; The Meiji Restoration and Modernization of Japan, 1868-1894; Nationalism and Social Darwinism • 754-755; Duties of Man 756; Blood and Iron 756-761 Meiji Restoration 61 The Great Powers of Europe, 1871-1900: Germany at the Center of Europe; The Liberal Powers: France and Great Britain; The Conservative Powers: Russia and Austria-Hungary China, Japan and the Western Powers: China in Turmoil; Japan Confronts china • Empress Dowager Cixi • Yamagata Aritomo 761-765 Chapter 28: The Crisis of the Imperial Order, 1900-1929 European nations competed for the international power offered by the wealth and military might of the Industrial Revolution, resulting in World War I. 62 Society, Culture and Technology in the Industrialized World: Class and Gender; Revolution in the Sciences; The New Technologies of Modernity; The Birth of Civil Aviation; Technology of Environment • • • • • 820-825 Margaret Sanger Max Planck Albert Einstein Sigmund Freud Wilbur and Orville Wright 63 Origins of the Crisis in Europe and the Middle East: The Ottoman Empire and Balkans; Nationalism, Alliances and Military Strategy 64 The “Great War” and the Russian Revolutions, 1914-1918: Stalemate, 1914-1917; The Homefront and the War Economy; The Ottoman Empire at War • Western Front • Faisal • Theodore Herzl • Balfour Declaration 65 The “Great War” and the Russian Revolutions, 1914-1918: Double Revolution in Russia; The End of the War in Western Europe, 1917- 797-800 800-805 806-808; Fourteen SYLLABUS: Modern World History 2010-2011 1918 Peace and Dislocation in Europe, 1919-1929: The Impact of the War; The Peace Treaties • • • • • • Bolsheviks Vladimir Lenin Woodrow Wilson Fourteen Points League of Nations Treaty of Versailles 66 Peace and Dislocation in Europe, 1919-1929: Russian Civil War and the New Economic Policy; An Ephemeral Peace • 811-814 Sun Yat-sen Yuan Shikai Guomindang Chiang Kai-shek 68 The New Middle East: The Mandate System; The Rise of Modern Turkey; Arab Lands and the Question of Palestine; The Middle East After World War I • • • 808-811 New Economic Policy 67 China and Japan: Contrasting Destinies: Social and Economic Change; Revolution and War, 1911-1918; Chinese Warlords and the Guomindang, 1919-1929 • • • • Points 814-820 Mandate System Atatürk Palestine Chapter 29: The Collapse of the Old Order, 1929-1949 World War I concluded without resolution of the issues that caused it and authoritarian governments in Russia, Germany and Italy took advantage of this disquiet but put Europe on a collision course to another war. 69 The Stalin Revolution: Five-Year Plans; Collectivization of Agriculture; Terror and Opportunities • • Joseph Stalin Five-Year Plans 70 The Depression: Economic Crisis; Depression in Industrial Nations; Depression in Non-Industrial Regions The Rise of Fascism: Mussolini’s Italy • • 833; 836-838 Fascist Party Benito Mussolini 71 The Rise of Fascism: Hitler’s Germany; The Road to War, 1933-1939 • • 830-835; The Results of the Five-Year Plan 838-840; Mein Kampf Adolf Hitler Nazis 72 East Asia, 1931-1945: The Manchurian Incident of 1931; 840-843 The Chinese and the Long March; The Sino-Japanese War, SYLLABUS: Modern World History 2010-2011 1937-1945 • • • Chiang Kai-shek Mao Zedong Long March 73 The Second World War: The War of Movement; War in Europe and North Africa; War in Asia and the Pacific • • • • Stalingrad El Alamein Pearl Harbor Battle of Midway 74 The Second World War: The End of War; Chinese Civil and Communist Victory • 843-846 846-850 Hiroshima 75 The Character of Warfare: The Science and Technology of 850-855; Night War; Bombing Raids; The Holocaust; The Enigma Machine; The Home Front in Europe and Asia; The Home Front in the United States; War and the Environment • • Auschwitz Holocaust Chapter 30: Striving for Independence: India; Africa; and Latin America, 19001949 In the face of oppression, Indian, African and Mexican nationalists sought to achieve social justice and more egalitarian distributions of political and economic power. 76 Indian Independence Movement, 1905-1947: The Land and the People; British Rule and Indian Nationalism; Mahatma Gandhi and Militant Nonviolence; India Moves Toward Independence; Gandhi and Technology; Partition and Independence • • • • • • Indian National Congress Bengal All-India Muslim League Mohandas K. Gandhi Jawaharlal Nehru Muhammad Ali Jinnah 77 Sub-Saharan Africa, 1900-1945: Colonial Africa: Economic and Social Changes; Religious and Political Changes • • • 867-872 (but not 868-869) Blaise Diagne; African National Congress Haile Selassie 78 Mexico, Argentina and Brazil, 1900-1949: Background to Revolution: Mexico in 1910; Revolution and Civil War in Mexico • • • 859-867 Emiliano Zapata Francisco “Pancho” Villa Lázaro Cárdenas 872-876 SYLLABUS: Modern World History 2010-2011 PART VIII: PERILS AND PROMISES OF A GLOBAL COMMUNITY, 1945 TO THE PRESENT Chapter 31: The Cold War and Decolonization, 1945-1975 As the United States and the Soviet Union competed following World War II, newly independent nations in Africa and Asia sought to benefit from this competition through economic assistance and military protection. 79 The Cold War: The United Nations; The Green Revolution • • • • • “Iron Curtain” Cold War North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Warsaw Pact United Nations 80 The Cold War: Capitalism and Communism; West Versus East in Europe and Korea • • • • • World Bank Marshall Plan European Community (EC) Truman Doctrine Korean War 81 Primary Sources 82 The Cold War: United States Defeat in Vietnam; The Race for Nuclear Supremacy 83 • Vietnam War • Cuban Missile Crisis • Helsinki Accords Decolonization and Nation Building: The Quest for Economic Freedom in Latin America; Challenges of Nation Building 84 Decolonization and Nation Building: The Struggle for Independence in Africa; Race and Struggle for Justice in South Africa 85 Beyond a Bi-Polar World: The Third World; Japan and China • • • 887-891 891-895; Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan Kennan Telegram and Novikov Telegram 895-897 902-906 (but not 904905) 899-902; 904-905 906-909 Non-aligned nations Third World Cultural Revolution 86 Beyond as Bi-Polar World: The Middle East; The Emergence of Environmental Concerns • Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) 909-912 SYLLABUS: Modern World History 2010-2011 Chapter 32: The End of the Cold War and the Challenge of Economic Development and Immigration, 1975-2000 Following the demise of the Soviet Union, other nations face new challenges and have sought increased political and economic power to either befriend or rival the United States. 87 Postcolonial Crises and Asian Economic Expansion: Revolutions, Repression, and Democratic Reform in Latin America • • • • Proxy wars Salvador Allende Dirty War Sandinistas 88 Postcolonial Crises and Asian Economic Expansion: Islamic Revolutions in Iran and Afghanistan; The Struggle for Women’s Rights in an Era of Global, Political and Economic Change • • • 927-931 Mikhail Gorbachev Perestroika Solidarity Ethnic cleansing 91 The Challenge of Population Growth: Demographic Transition; The Industrialized Nations; The Developing Nations; Old and Young Populations • • 925-927 Keiretsu Asian Tigers Newly industrialized economies (NIE) Deng Xiaoping Tiananmen Square 90 The End of the Bi-Polar World: Crisis in the Soviet Union; The Collapse of the Socialist Bloc; Progress and Conflict in Africa; The Persian Gulf War • • • • 921-925 Neo-liberalism Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini Saddam Husain 89 Postcolonial Crises and Asian Economic Expansion: Asian Transformation; China Rejoins the World Economy • • • • • 917-921 931-936 Thomas Malthus Demographic transition 92 Unequal Development and Movement of Peoples: The Problem of Growing Inequality; Internal Migration: The Growth of Cities; Global Migration 93 Technological and Environmental Change: New Technologies and the World Economy; The Personal Computer; Conserving and Sharing Resources; Fast Food; Responding to Environmental Threats 936-939 939-945