Download + Energy - WordPress.com

Lesson Starter
Make a list of the ways in which
our body uses energy
Learning Intention
•To understand why we need energy
•To learn where we get our energy
•To discuss the types of food which
contain the most energy
Energy can neither be
created nor destroyed; it
can only be changed from
one form to another.
Albert Einstein
Different forms of energy
• Magnetic
• Kinetic
• Heat
• Light
• Gravitational potential
• Chemical
• Sound
• Electrical
• Elastic potential
• Nuclear
Why do living
things need
energy?
Think, Pair, Share
•How do we get energy in our body?
•Where does that energy come from?
•What type of energy is that turned into?
Exploding can demo
Custard powder = Chemical energy
What type of energy was it
converted into?
Energy in food: Task
In pairs, look at the different food labels;
which of the foods contains the most
amount of energy?
Task
Use the laminated sheet provided and copy and
complete the following table.
Food Type
Energy content per 100g (KJ)
Create a bar graph (on graph paper) using the
information from your table.
Lesson Starter
1.Give 3 examples of different types of
energy
2.Why does our body need energy? Give
specific examples.
3.Where does our body get energy?
Learning Intention
•To learn about the energy content in
food
•To find out why oxygen is important
Food groups
•Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins
•Digestion
•Stored Chemical Energy
•Energy released during
digestion
•Burning
Experiment
Burn samples of the food providedwhich one burned for the longest?
The need for energy (copy)
• Energy can neither be created nor destroyed- it can only be
converted
• Living things require energy for a variety of functions
including:
oCell division
oCell growth
oChemical Reactions
oMuscular Contraction
oSending nerve impulses
• Living things (including us) get their energy from the food
they eat.
Chemical Energy in food
*Watch demo of glucose and
sucrose being burned*
What is the difference between burning
in oxygen and burning in no oxygen?
Lesson Starter
1.What are the 3 food groups?
2.What TYPE of energy is in food?
3.Compare energy release in food
burned in oxygen to food burned in no
oxygen
Learning Intention
To learn about aerobic
respiration
Food groups
•Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins
•Digestion
•Glucose, Fatty Acids and Glycerol, Amino
Acids
How is digested food used?
• Body needs ENERGY from food
• Glucose contains stored energy
• Glucose reacts with oxygen = lots of energy
• Energy released in process called RESPIRATION
What is Respiration?
http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/zq349j6/revision
This process occurs in all living things!
Chemical Energy in food
*Watch demo of glucose and
sucrose being burned*
What is the difference between burning
in oxygen and burning in no oxygen?
Respiration Experiment
• Food contains energy
• Broken down- burned
• Energy released is ATP
• Aerobic + Anaerbic
• In presence of oxygen- more energy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7J9v2yl0vsU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ku5FSRH-QV0
Aerobic Respiration
Glucose + Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
Proof:- Blow GENTLY into a test tube of lime water
Measuring Respiration
• All living things respire
• Measured with
respirometer
• Temperature increases due
to respiration
*demo respirometer*
Aerobic Respiration (copy)
• Aerobic respiration is the process in which energy is released
from food.
• It happens in all living things: animals, plants, bacteria and fungi.
• Lots of energy is released when food is burned in oxygen
• The equation for aerobic respiration is:
Glucose + Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide, Water + Energy
• A RESPIROMETRE is used to measure respiration
Lesson Starter: True or False
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Respiration occurs in all body cells.
Respiration gives out oxygen.
Carbon dioxide is used up by respiration.
Respiration is a chemical process that releases energy.
Plants do not respire.
More energy is produced when oxygen isn’t present
Learning Intention
To learn about the effect of
EXERCISE on respiration
The story so far..
Oxygen + Glucose  Carbon Dioxide + Water (+ Energy)
• Oxygen and glucose transported to cells in blood
• Respiration- chemical reaction, energy released from
glucose
• Oxygen + glucose converted to Carbon Dioxide and water
– breathed out
• Energy produced used for life processes
Task
Use your own words to summarise respiration.
You have 3 minutes!
Marks awarded..
• Oxygen + Glucose  Carbon Dioxide + Water (+ Energy) (1 mark)
• Oxygen (from breathing) and Glucose (from food) are transported to all cells
in the body by the blood. (1 mark)
• Respiration occurs in cells in the body (1 mark)
• Respiration is the process by which energy is released from glucose (food) (1
mark)
• Carbon dioxide and water are produced during the reaction (1 mark)
• Carbon dioxide and water are breathed out as a waste product (1 mark)
• The energy is used for life processes (1 mark)
• Examples of life processes: Movement, Heat, Growth, Reproduction, Repair
etc (1 mark)
Breathing and Heart Rate
• Heart pumps blood round the body
• Blood carries glucose and oxygen
• Respiration- energy produced
• Resting heart rate
1st trial:2nd trial:3rd trial :AVERAGE:-
The effect of exercise on heart rate
and breathing
What happens to your heart rate and
breathing rate?
Why?
The effect of exercise on heart rate
and breathing (copy)
During exercise, the heart pumps faster and
breathing rate increases to ensure the muscles are
being provided with enough glucose and oxygen to
produce energy to power the muscles.
Anaerobic Respiration
•Aerobic respiration- oxygen is present
•Anaerobic respiration- oxygen is limited
•Bounce arms to the side- what do you
feel?
Anaerobic Respiration
Glucose  Lactic Acid
• Less energy released
• Lactic acid builds up in musclescramp/fatigue
• Forces you to stop exercising
• Breathing/panting- take in more oxygen
• Respire normally
Anaerobic Respiration (copy)
•Anaerobic respiration occurs when there is a limited
supply of oxygen in the body.
•Very little energy is released from this process.
•Glucose is converted into lactic acid which builds up in
the muscles causing muscle fatigue and cramp which
will eventually force you to stop exercising.
Lesson Starter
Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration
Substrates
Glucose + Oxygen
Products
________________
________________
Energy
Amount of energy
released
High
_______________
Energy
Learning Intention
To learn about
MICROORGANISMS
Microorganisms
•Very tiny living things
•Microscope
•All around us- air,
bodies, food, water
•Some HARMFUL, some
HELPFUL
microbes
bacteria
viruses
fungi
Viruses
•Needs a HOST
•Use host’s resources to make
copies of themselves which then
infect your other cells
•Spread easily
Viruses
• Viruses usually only affect one type
of cell:
Eg- The HEPATITIS virus affects only
liver cells
The HERPES virus affects skin cells
Other examples of viruses
Measles Virus
Mumps virus
The common cold
Bacteria
•Groups of small single celled
organisms
•Everywhere
•Harmful bacteria can infect
your body and cause disease
and illness
Bacteria
One type of bacteria can infect
different cells in your body:
Streptococcus Pneumoniae
can infect the brain causing
meningitis or it could infect the
lungs causing pneumonia.
Common Bacteria
 Salmonella
 food poisoning
and typhoid fever
 Escherichia Coli (E.
Coli)
 food poisoning and
urine infections
S. Aureus
 spots and boils,
pneumonia, or
meningitis
Bacteria aren’t all bad..
•Not all make you ill
•Keep you healthy
•Lactobacillus found in the gut
that help the body in digesting
food.
•“top up your good bacteria”
Fungi
•Single celled
•Usually infect the outer layers of your body
•Generally cause infection in the skin
(occasionally can be breathed in and cause
lung infection)
•Rely on the host for resources to survive
Common Fungi
Trichophytan family of fungi cause infections like
athletes foot and ringworm
Some fungi are useful
Yeast is an example of fungi- What do
you know that is made using yeast?
Yeast is used in
Baking and Brewing
Other useful fungi
•Penicillin
•Quorn
•Mushrooms
Microorganisms (copy)
• Microorganisms are tiny living things; they are too small
to see with the naked eye so we must use a microscope.
• They are found all around us; in the air, on our food,
inside our bodies.
• The three main groups of microorganisms are:
Bacteria
Fungi
Viruses
Task
1. Use the bioviewers to look at the different
shapes of the microorganisms.
2. Make notes of any particular features you
see in each