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BIODIVERSITY Biodiversity or biological diversity is usually defined as: Variation of life forms (in time and space) in all main organized levels Biodiversity is necessary for keeping life on Earth and it has important meaning for existence and prosperity of mankind! - It has lasted for 4 billion years - Distribution of biodiversity on Earth ročně je nově objeveno ca 10 000 druhů organismů (hlavně hmyzu) The level of biodiversity in countries low high Types of diversity genetic species ecosystem cultural Genetic diversity Genetic diversity – diversity of organisms within species Genetic diversity influences: Species diversity and ecosystem diversity BIODIVERZITA Genetically modified organisms • genetically modified organisms (GMO), e.g. soya, corn, tomato, rice; Atlantic salmon manipulation with genetic diversity – thanks to artificial selection the people have risen the diversity during last 10 000 years Species diversity Species richness • considering biodiversity all forms of life are important, not only remarkable plant or animal species, but also less remarkable species of fungi, bacteria or algae which are usually not possible to see with naked eye Ecosystems with the highest species diversity Coral reef Tropical rainforest Tropical rainforest (Puerto Rico) Ecosystem diversity On the contrary to genetic or species diversity it also includes non-biotic parts (geological basis, climate) Changes of biodiversity in time The loss of biodiversity is extremely dangerous because it is irreversible → it represents grave global problem of mankind! Main agents threatening Earth biodiversity Exponentially growing human population and its consumption agriculture fishing Human activities industry • the loss or degradation of biotopes • environment pollution • changes in soil usage • fragmentation of habitats urban development Excessive usage of natural resources international trade Introduction of invasive species Cultural diversity • Relationships among people and to the nature around (ways of using accessible sources) •Knowledge and practices of original inhabitants have huge impact on knowing and keeping of biodiversity and sustainable development of human society •On the contrary, decrease of cultural diversity (especially because of local community disappearance) is connected with the loss of precious knowledge about local biodiversity