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Causes of the Civil War, Civil War, & Reconstruction Study Guide
1. What was the major type of labor used on Georgia’s plantations before the Civil War? Slavery
2. Which region of the United States believed the states should be able to govern themselves without
interference from the national government? The South
3. What is state’s rights? A state can ignore federal laws if they were harmful to the state
4. What is nullification? A state can refuse to enforce a federal law
5. What was the purpose of the Missouri Compromise? To maintain a balance of slave and free states
6. What were the results/outcomes of the Compromise of 1850? California was admitted as a free state
and the Fugitive Slave Act was passed
7. What was the Georgia Platform? A statement supporting the Compromise of 1850
8. What was the purpose of the Fugitive Slave Act? To require slaves that had run away to be returned to
their owners
9. How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act change the Missouri Compromise? It allowed slavery north of
Missouri’s southern boundary
10. Why did the U.S. Supreme Court rule against Dred Scott? Because since he was a slave, he could not
sue in court
11. What candidate for president of the United States in 1860 won without receiving a single electoral vote
from the states in the South? Abraham Lincoln
12. After Lincoln’s election, who called for Georgia to remain in the Union? Alexander Stephens
13. What Confederate official was from Georgia? Alexander Stephens, the vice president
14. Where did the Battle of Antietam take place? Maryland
15. When was the Emancipation Proclamation issued? September 22, 1862, after the Battle of Antietam
16. What opportunity did the Emancipation Proclamation offer to the South? The South could keep their
slaves if they surrendered.
17. Where did the Battle of Gettysburg take place? Pennsylvania
18. Who was the Confederate commander at the Battle of Gettysburg? Robert E. Lee
19. Where is Chickamauga located? Near Chattanooga, TN
20. Why was Chickamauga important to the North and the South? Because it was near Chattanooga, a
major railroad center
21. What contributed to the lack of success of the Union blockade? Blockade runners slipping through the
blockade
22. Why did the South need to keep its ports open during the war? To export cotton to Europe and import
supplies and weapons
23. Why was Atlanta militarily important to the Confederacy? Because it was the industrial and
transportation center for the Confederacy
24. Who was the Union commander during the battle for Atlanta and the March to the Sea? General
William T. Sherman
25. How long did the Union army occupy Atlanta before burning it to the ground? Over two moths
26. Why did William T. Sherman attack the civilian infrastructure between Atlanta and Savannah? To end
civilian support for the war effort and shorten the war
27. Where was a notorious Confederate prison in Georgia located? Andersonville
28. Who was the commander of the Confederate prison at Andersonville? Captain Henry Wirz
29. What was the purpose of the Freedmen’s Bureau? To help former slaves and poor whites
30. What were the contributions of the Freedmen’s Bureau in education? Set up thousands of primary
schools, industrial schools, and teacher-training schools for African Americans
31. After the Civil War, what system was developed to provide labor to work the former plantations?
Sharecropping
32. How did sharecroppers pay their landowners? By providing labor and a large percentage of their crop
33. How were tenant farmers different from sharecroppers? Tenant farmers usually owned some
agricultural equipment
34. How did the Reconstruction plans of Presidents Lincoln and Johnson differ from the plans of the radical
Republicans? The radical Republicans’ plan treated the southern states like conquered provinces
requiring Congress to monitor the treatment of freedmen
35. What did the 13th Amendment do? Abolished slavery
36. What did the 14th Amendment do? Made blacks citizens
37. What did the 15th Amendment do? Ensured blacks had the right to vote
38. Why were Henry McNeal Turner and other black legislators expelled from their seats in the Georgia
state legislator? They were told they didn’t have the right to hold political office
39. What was the main purpose of the Ku Klux Klan? To return control of the southern state governments
to Democrats
40. What was the Georgia Act of 1869? Federal legislation returning Georgia to military control because of
KKK terrorism against African Americans and their allies