Download Georgia and the Civil War

Georgia, the Civil War, and other Civil War Facts - KEY
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By October, 1861, how many Georgians had volunteered to fight in the war? 25,000
What were arsenals? Building where weapons and ammunition are stored
Where were arsenals located in Georgia? Atlanta, Augusta, Columbus, Macon, & Savannah
Who was Georgia’s governor during the war? Joseph Brown
By Spring 1862, Union forces had captured all of Georgia’s coastal islands making them a
popular destination for escaped slaves.
6. List four reasons Georgia was a popular supplier for the Confederacy.
a. More industry than other Southern States
b. More than 1,400 miles of railroad (Atlanta was a hub)
c. “Heart of the Confederacy”
d. Destruction of Georgia’s resources would devastate the Confederacy’s war effort
7. Which island did Union forces occupy to give themselves control of the Savannah River? Tybee
Island
8. Which fort in Georgia was destroyed by Union forces? Fort Pulaski
9. What was the Union’s primary goal with regards to Georgia? blockade coastal waters & shut
down supply lines
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Battle of Chickamauga
Union leader: General Rosecrans
Confederate leader: Braxton Bragg
Bragg’s army defeated Union forces, but they did not follow them North on their retreat
By November, 1863, Grant arrived with more troops forcing Bragg and his troops to retreat to
Dalton
Sherman Invades Atlanta
When did Sherman’s invasion begin? Early 1864
Who was the Confederate leader? Joseph Johnston
What landmark did the Confederate Army follow as they retreated south? W & A railroad line
Johnston would not allow Sherman to break up or encircle his troops
What famous battle took place on June 27th, 1864? Kennesaw Mountain
How many Union troops were lost in this battle? 3,000
How many Confederate troops were lost in this battle? 500
What happened when Johnston retreated to Atlanta? The Confederate government was upset
and replaced him with John B. Hood
22. How long did the battle of Atlanta last? 40 days
23. What was the result of the battle of Atlanta? The mayor surrendered the city after Hood’s army
evacuated
24. What were Sherman’s orders with regards to the city of Atlanta? Destroy the city
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Sherman’s March to the Sea
25. When did Sherman’s march begin? November 16, 1864
26. Union forces were forced to live off the land and destroy Georgia’s resources
27. Which resources were particularly important to destroy? Railroads and Confederate supplies
28. The goal of Sherman’s march was to “bring the sad realities of war to Georgia”
29. Which Georgia city did Sherman offer to Abraham Lincoln as a Christmas present? Savannah
30. How many battles occurred in Georgia? Just over 100
31. How many battles occurred during Sherman’s march to the sea? 92
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Andersonville Prison
Where is Andersonville Prison located? Near Americus, Georgia
Why was Andersonville Prison built? To house Union prisoners of war
What was its official name? Fort Sumter
How many prisoners was it built for? 10,000
How many prisoners were housed there? 33,000
Conditions were horrible and unsanitary
Available water was polluted
Food was in short supply & inadequate to the point prisoners starved
Clothing and medical supplies were scarce
During the summer of 1864, over 100 Union prisoners died each day
Due to the conditions he allowed at Andersonville, the commander of the prison was tried and
hanged for excessive cruelty in the prison
Other notable Civil War Facts
At the start of the war, men rushed out to volunteer, but the enthusiasm did not last
The new rifles used during the war were more accurate, and both sides suffered terrible losses.
Trench warfare was used by both sides.
Clara Barton got her start as a nurse during the Civil War, and later founded the American Red
Cross.
Harriet Tubman acted as a spy during the Civil War.
The Economy During the War
Inflation occurred in the North because prices rose faster than wages.
This was harder for the working people, but overall the Northern economy boomed:
a. Needs for supplies helped farmers prosper
b. Railroad traffic increased
c. Coal, Iron, & clothing production increased
The South’s economy was devastated
a. Farmland was over run, and rail lines were torn up by fighting
b. Large portions of the South lay in ruins
c. Essential goods were in shortage because of _port blockades
***ADDITIONAL NOTES: The End of the War
March 1865- Lee’s forces were ½ the size of Grant’s as they continued to fight.
Lee asked to meet with Grant about ending the war. President Lincoln would not allow the
meeting unless the South surrendered.
Lee tried one final time to defeat Union troops in Virginia. He failed, and was eventually
captured near Irwinville, Georgia.
Lee surrendered to Grant on April 9, 1865 at Appomattox Court House in Virginia.