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Transcript
Chapter 17 WW II United States enters World War II 1941-1945 Vocabulary Found in Glossary D-day Battle of the Bulge Battle of Midway Kamikaze Pages 569 - 579 Harry S. Truman Douglas MacArthur Dwight D. Eisenhower Omar Bradley George Patton Leaders in WWII Germany- Adolf Hitler Japan- General Tojo Italy- Benito Mussolini • USA- Franklin D. Roosevelt • Great Britain- Winston Churchill • USSR- Joseph Stalin Axis as Aggressors All pretty much Dictatorships GER/ITA Fascists and Japan Empire 1936- Hitler remilitarized Germany – Mussolini announces Rome-Berlin Axis – Germany Signs Anti-Communism Pact with Japan Japan Invades China GER annexes Austria and Czechoslovakia GER and USSR sign non-aggression pact GER invades Poland So begins World War II France and Britain declare war on the Axis Soviets invade Poland Germans started take over of Europe Winston Churchill became prime minister On the same day Germany started the invasion of France A month and a half later surrendered France Tactics German War tactics Blitzkrieg – Using tanks in small divisions to pierce the enemy line, then attack the line flank – Great speed was a must – To combat this divisions fought in columns "The Battle of France is over. I expect the Battle of Britain is about to begin....“- Winston Churchill Luftwaffe (German Air Force) bombed England attempting destroy England’s Air defense and force a surrender RAF (English Air Force) turned them away Germany attacks Soviet Union June 22, 1941 Purpose was to rid the world communism Very bloody with little regard for human life US policy towards Japan US stopped selling oil and steel to Japan Japan saw that as an act of war. Japan wants raw materials Singapore- (UK) was taken by Japan Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 Tora, Tora, Tora, code name of the attack on Pearl Harbor. USS Yorktown Carrier USS Arizona US battleship that was hit by the Japanese Schofied Barracks were also hit Wheeler Field- airfields attacked by Japan and Hichan Field – air force attacked “A day in which will live in infamy” FDR Jeanette Rankin Jeanette Rankin - a member of Congress to vote against the war. Japan moves to dominate the Pacific The United States is the only power blocking Japan’s plan to conquer the Pacific The Japanese had destroyed 75% of US naval power in the Pacific. Philippines- was a US protectorate since 1898. Douglas Macarthur- commanding officer. General Douglas Macarthur Commander of American forces in the Philippines. “ I shall return” Bataan Death March 1942 Bataan Death March 1942 American troops were captured by the Japanese. US troops were forced to march 6 days, 90 miles Japanese Americans Internment camps were rounded up and put in camps. Lost property Japanese-American Boy Scout Troop in an Internment Camp United States will fight a two front war. European front “European Theatre”- North Africa, Italy Eastern front, and northern France. Pacific front “Pacific Theatre”- using air, naval, and man power, Island hopping Operation Torch United States troops will fight with British troops to stop Germans in North Africa. Dwight Eisenhower- Commander of US troops. Dwight Eisenhower US Commander of all US troops- North Africa. His plan was to stop Hitler’s troops in North Africa. oil General George Patton US tank commander under Eisenhower “Old Blood and Guts” Battle of the Bulgelargest battle of WWII General Omar Bradley US commander Served under Eisenhower “G.I. General” 5 star general Lived in El Paso Soft underbelly of Europe US and British troops attacked Sicily then moved into Italy. Patton and Montgomery Operation Overlord Code name for the invasion of Europe by Allies more commonly known as DDay on June 6, 1944. Largest fleet of ships and men. Normandy, France Dwight Eisenhower commands the invasion forces at D-Day What does the “D” in D-Day stand for? Major U.S. campaigns Invaded North Africa Storming the beaches at Normandy – 160,000 allied troops cross the English Channel onto France Battle of the Bulge Last major offensive from Germany launched in December 1944. Holocaust-name given to the killing of 6 million Jews German Concentration Camps Auschwitz Dauchau Treblinka Buchenwald Steps to the Holocaust HISTORY OF THE HOLOCAUST - TIME LINE 1933 – Books with ideas considered dangerous to Nazi beliefs are burned. 1934 – Jewish newspapers can no longer be sold in the streets. 1935 – Jews are deprived of their citizenship and other basic rights. – The Nazis intensify the persecution of political people that don’t agree with his philosophy. 1936 – Nazis boycott Jewish-owned business. – Jews no longer have the right to vote. 1938 – On Kristallnacht, the 'Night of Broken Glass,' Nazis terrorized Jews throughout Germany and Austria - 30,000 Jews are arrested. 1939 – Hitler orders that Jews must follow curfews; Jews must turn in radios to the police; Jews must wear yellow stars of David. 1940 – Nazis begin deporting German Jews to Poland. – Jews are forced into ghettos. – Nazis begin the first mass murder of Jews in Poland. – Jews are put into concentration camps Atrocities of the Holocaust Death Marches Starvation Gas Chambers Medical Experiments – Dr. Mangele – Freeze, pressure chambers, chemical testing – Sewed twins together 6,000,000 Jews were murdered – Other victims include: Homosexuals, Mentally Disabled, Slavs and Gypsies Dr. Mengele Angel of Death Josef Mengele left Auschwitz disguised as a member of the regular German infantry. Geneticist Many Nazi war criminals escaped to Argentina using false identities supplied by the Red Cross . In attempts to fabricate blue eyes, drops or injections of chemicals would be put in the eyes. This often caused severe pain, infections, and temporary or permanent blindness. Various surgeries without anesthesia including organ removal, castration, and amputations VE Day- Victory in Europe May 8, 1945 . Hitler’s suicide On top of Hitler's bunker The entrance General George Marshall Chief of Staff 5 star general (2nd man to do so after Pershing) Head of all US forces in Pacific and Atlantic theaters. Time Magazine in 1944 named Marshall “Man of the Year” Once dubbed the “organizer of victory” by Winston Churchill for his leadership of the Allied victory in World War II, Marshall later became instrumental in the post-war reconstruction effort in Europe, which became known as the Marshall Plan. For this latter role Marshall received the Nobel Peace Prize, the only professional soldier to hold that distinction. United States & Australia are the two nations still fighting Japan in the Pacific Jimmy Doolittle Aviator in Air Force Who comes up with plan to bomb Tokyo, and pilots how to take off from aircraft carriers. “Doolittle’s Raid” in 1942 Douglas MacArthur US Military commander in the Pacific “Old soldiers never die, they just fade away.” He received the formal Japanese surrender in September 1945, V-J Day. Battle of Midway –turning point of the war. 1942 Pacific Theater U.S.’s war with Japan – This included Naval battles at sea – And Island hoping – Used Navajo Code Talkersmessengers for the U.S. spoke in Native language US broke the Japanese code United States broke the Japanese code United States had an advantage over Japan. Code Talkers Navajo Indians would send transmissions for United States. Japanese military never broke the code. Battles in the Pacific Saipan-site where Marines attacked Japanese. Japanese committed suicide rather then surrender. 20,000 Iwo Jima-site where Americans raised the US flag and now a statue – Washington DC Coral Seas- Australia Kamikaze Pilots “Divine wind” suicide pilots of Japan Truman’s decision to use the Atomic Bomb • President Truman later wrote that he "regarded the bomb as a military weapon and never had any doubts that it should be used." His advisers had warned him to expect massive casualties if the United States invaded Japan. Truman believed it was his duty as president to use every weapon available to save American lives. Manhattan Project Code name for the development of the Atomic Bomb • Manhattan Projectefforts to develop the atomic bomb created by Robert Oppenheimer and General Leslie R. Groves Pg. 583 Alamogordo New Mexico Fat Man and Little Boynames of Atomic Bombs Hiroshima-August 6.1945 Nagasaki August 9, 1945 V-J Day August 15, 1945 It’s Finally Over!!!!! Women in the war effort Rosie the Riveter-symbol of women making history working for victory. Nurses Hollywood cafe USO Pin up girls Victory Girls African Americans African Americans were in segregated units. Most were cooks, butlers, and fighting units. Tuskegee Airmen Segregated Units Rationing Issuing coupons to limit how much a person could buy. sugar, oil, gas, S..t..r..e..t..c..h That Food! Get Your Ration Cards Buy, Buy, Buy, Buy a Bond: It Will Lead to VICTORY! Potsdam Conference Truman, Stalin, and Churchill WW II Memorial in Washington, DC Dedicated on April 29, 2004 Chapter 17 Study Guide 10 Matching 12 Multiple Choice 10 TAKS map Matching: Pearl Harbor VJ Day VE Day Axis Powers Allies Fat Man Manhattan Project D Day Multiple Choice: Operation Torch Battle of the Bulge D Day Hiroshima/Nagasaki Internment camps Kamikazes Eisenhower Patton