Download Tectonics Questions Higher

RESTLESS EARTH (Paper 1)
HIGHER – Past Exam Questions
Distribution of plates/ fold mountains/ ocean trenches/ earthquakes/ volcanoes
1 (a) (i) Study Figure 1 on the insert, a map showing the locations of young fold mountains and ocean
trenches. Describe the location of ocean trenches.
(2 marks – June 2012)
4 (a) (i) Study Figure 4 which shows the earth’s tectonic plates and the distribution of young fold
mountains. Describe the world distribution of young fold mountains
(2 marks - June 2009)
4. (a) (i) Study Figure 5 which shows the distribution of volcanoes. Give two facts about the
distribution of volcanoes.
(2 mark - June 2008)
1 (a) Study Figure 1 which shows the earth’s tectonic plates and the places where earthquakes occur
worldwide. Describe the distribution of earthquakes.
(3 marks - June 2010)
Figure 1
4) (a) Study Figure 4, which shows the distribution of major earthquakes. Describe and explain the
distribution of major earthquakes shown in Figure 4.
(4 marks - June 2005)
THE EARTH’S CRUST
1 (a) Give two differences between continental crust and oceanic crust.
(2 marks - June 2011)
PLATE BOUNDARIES
4a (ii) Draw a labelled diagram to explain why volcanoes occur at destructive plate boundaries.
(4 marks - June 2008)
1 (a) (ii) Explain why volcanoes are found at destructive plate boundaries
(3 marks - Specimen)
1 (b) (ii) Explain how volcanoes form at constructive plate margins.
(4 marks - June 2011)
1 (a) (ii) Draw a labelled diagram(s) to explain why earthquakes occur at conservative plate
boundaries.
(4 marks - June 2010)
1 (b) Draw an annotated diagram to explain why earthquakes occur at destructive plate margins
(4 marks – June 2014)
1 (a) (i) Study Figure 1, a map showing the earth’s tectonic plates and margins (boundaries).
With the help of Figure 1, outline differences between constructive and destructive plate margins.
(3 marks – June 2013)
1 (a) (ii) Give one example of a conservative plate margin shown in Figure 1.
(1 mark – June 2013)
FOLD MOUNTAINS
1 (d) (i) What are fold mountains?
(2 marks – June 2014)
1 (a) (ii) With the help of a diagram(s), explain the formation of young fold mountains and ocean
trenches.
(8 marks – June 2012)
4a (ii) Explain the formation of young fold mountains.
(4 marks - June 2009)
(b) Mount St Helens is part of the Cascade Range of young fold mountains. With the aid of a
diagram(s), explain the formation of young fold mountains
(6 marks - June 2004)
(c) Describe the physical features of a range of young fold mountains that you have studied.
(3 marks - June 2004)
VOLCANOES
1 (b) (i) Study Figure 1 on the insert, a photograph of Mount Vesuvius, a volcano in Italy. Draw a
labelled sketch of Figure 1 to show the characteristics of this volcano.
(3 marks - June 2011)
4 (b) Volcanoes can occur in fold mountain ranges. Figure 5 on the insert, shows Mt Fuji in Japan.
Draw a labelled sketch of Figure 5 to show the features of this volcano.
(3 marks - June 2009)
b) (i) Study Figure 5, which shows a cross section through Mount Vesuvius, a composite volcano. On
Figure 5 label features X, Y and Z.
(3 marks - June 2003)
4a (i) On the outline below, draw a cross-section through Mauna Loa, a volcano in Hawaii. The volcano
is 10 000 metres high and has a diameter of 400 kilometres.
(3 marks - June 2007)
(ii) Mauna Loa is a shield volcano. Explain the characteristics of shield volcanoes and how they are
formed.
(6 marks - June 2007)
1 (b) Outline the characteristics of a shield volcano.
(2 marks – June 2013)
1 (c) Explain the formation of a composite volcano.
(4 marks – June 2013)
(c) Explain how one type of volcano is formed.
(6 marks - June 2006)
1 (d) Describe how volcanoes are monitored so that people can prepare for an eruption.
(4 marks – June 2013)
b) Study Figure 6 on the insert, which shows information about the area north of the crater of Mount
St Helens. Describe the varied opportunities for tourism.
(3 marks - June 2008)
(a) Study Figure 6 on the insert, which shows the effects of the eruption of Mount St Helens in 1980.
(i) Using Figure 6, describe two effects of the eruption on the natural environment.
(2 marks - June 2004)
(ii) Using Figure 6 on the insert, explain how the eruption may have affected the local people
(4 marks - June 2004)
SUPERVOLCANOES
1 (c) (i) Describe the size and shape of a supervolcano
(2 marks - June 2011)
1 (a) (iii) Describe the ways in which a supervolcano is different from a volcano (4 marks – Specimen)
1 (c) (ii) Describe the likely worldwide effects of a supervolcano eruption.
(6 marks - June 2011)
EARTHQUAKES
1 (c) What is the difference between the focus and the epicentre of an earthquake?
(2 marks – June 2012)
b) Study Figure 5, which shows a cross-section through an area affected by an earthquake.
(i) On Figure 5, clearly mark and label the Focus and the Epicentre
(2 marks - June 2005)
(ii) Explain where you would expect the greatest loss of life to occur from the Earthquake shown in
Figure 5.
(3 marks - June 2005)
Figure 5
1 (b) Outline how the Richter scale is used to measure earthquakes.
(3 marks – June 2012)
1 (b)(ii) Describe a method, other than the Richter scale, of measuring earthquakes
(4 marks - Specimen)
1 (b) Study Figure 2 which shows information about frequency and
magnitude of earthquakes between 2000 and 2007.
(b) (i) Describe the relationship between the magnitude of
earthquakes and their frequency.
(4 marks - Specimen)
(a) Study Figure 4, which shows some information about
earthquakes.
(i) Describe the relationship between the average number of
earthquakes per year and the magnitude. (2 marks - June 2003)
(ii) Using examples of earthquakes, explain why some cause more
deaths than others.
(6 marks - June 2003)
Figure 4
1 (a) Study Figure 1, a table showing the largest and deadliest earthquakes from 2008 to
2012.
1 (a) (i) To what extent is here a relationship between the largest and deadliest earthquakes
shown in Figure 1?
(3 marks – June 2014)
1 (a) (ii) Outline one reason why the largest earthquakes do not always cause the most
deaths.
(2 marks – June 2014)
1 (b) Study Figure 2 on the insert, a 1:50 000 Ordnance Survey map extract of Market Rasen,
Lincolnshire. An earthquake struck Market Rasen on 27 February 2008. Figure 3 is a sketch
map drawn from Figure 2.
1 (b) (i) The epicentre of the earthquake was 4 km north of the railway station in Market Rasen. On
Figure 3, mark the position of the epicentre with the letter X.
(2 marks - June 2010)
1 (b) (ii) Damage was reported to Legsby parish church in grid square 1385 and to chimneys of
houses at grid reference 108892. On Figure 3, draw two arrows to show where this damage occurred.
Label these arrows with the correct letters Y and Z from the key.
(3 marks - June 2010)
1 (b) (iii) The earthquake measured 5.2 on the Richter Scale. With the help of Figure 2 on the insert
and your own knowledge, explain why the damage was limited
(4 marks - June 2010)
4 (a) Study Figure 4, which shows information about the earthquake in the Indian Ocean on 26
December 2004.
(i) Give two features of the earthquake in the Indian Ocean in 2004.
(2 marks - June 2006)
(ii) Suggest why the loss of life was so great in Sumatra, part of an LEDC.
(4 marks - June 2006)
1 (d) Study Figure 2 on the insert, which shows characteristics of the L’Aquila, Italy earthquake in
April 2009, and the Haiti earthquake in January 2010. Compare and/or contrast the characteristics of
the two earthquakes.
(4 marks – June 2012)
1 (c) Study Figures 2a, 2b and 2c on the insert, photographs showing responses to the earthquake
in Christchurch, New Zealand in 2010. Use Figures 2a, 2b and 2c and your own knowledge to describe
how the three Ps (predict, protect, and prepare) can help reduce the effects of earthquakes.
(8 marks – June 2014)
TSUNAMIS
1 (e) Study Figures 2a and 2b on the insert, information about the Japanese earthquake and tsunami
on 11 March 2011. Use Figures 2a and 2b to explain the cause of the Japanese tsunami.
(3 marks – June 2013)
CASE STUDY Questions
1 (d) Study Figure 2 on the insert, photographs of how people use fold mountains. With the help of
Figure 2 and a case study of a fold mountain range, describe how people use fold mountains.
(8 marks - June 2011)
1 (d) (ii) Use a case study to describe how people use fold mountains
(6 marks – June 2014)
(ii) Using one or more examples of a volcanic eruption, describe the effects on the physical
environment.
(4 marks - June 2003)
4(c) Using a volcanic eruption or an earthquake you have studied, describe the short-term responses
to the disaster.
(4 marks - June 2007)
4c) Earthquakes are another example of tectonic activity. Using an example, describe the primary and
secondary effects of an earthquake.
(6 marks - June 2008)
4(c) For an earthquake or volcanic eruption you have studied, describe the short-term and long-term
responses to the disaster.
(6 marks - June 2005)
1 (e) Describe how the effects of an earthquake in a richer area of the world are different from the
effects of an earthquake in a poorer area of the world.
(6 marks – June 2012)
1 (c) Using case studies of earthquakes in rich and poor parts of the world, compare and
describe the immediate responses.
(8 marks – Specimen)
4 (c) Using named examples, describe how the short term responses to volcanic eruptions and/or
earthquakes in MEDCs are different from the short term responses in LEDCs. (6 marks - June 2009)
1 (f) Use a case study to describe the effects of a tsunami.
(8 marks – June 2013)
1 (c) Use a case study to describe the responses to a tsunami.
(9 marks - June 2010)