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The Parts of Speech . Part of speech is the role a word can play in a sentence. That’s why a word can be more than one part of speech – it can change roles depending on the situation and on how you use it. For example, if you play golf, you might use a 9 iron. Iron is a noun here; it is part of the name of an object. If you say the club is made of iron, it is still a noun. But if you say that you plan to iron your good suit jacket before a meeting, iron is an action – a verb. When the clothes have been pressed, you can say the ironed clothes are ready, and now it is an adjective. Don’t panic! The trick is to understand the different roles words play in any sentence. Think of the Parts of Speech as the cast and crew of a Hollywood movie production. Term Noun Pronoun Adjective Definition Person, place, thing, or idea Includes several types, including common and proper Movie role Noun thinks it’s the star of the show because it is the “subject” and refuses to make too many appearances; even minor nouns insist on this. Some nouns feel so important, they insist on capital letters. Note that there are many nouns and each thinks it is very important even though only one is the subject of each sentence (usually). Nouns are chosen by the casting director and props department; choosing the right noun is crucial! Stands in for a noun Pronoun is the stunt double Includes several types, who covers dangerous or including nominative and boring shots. As an insult to objective the stuck-up nouns, each pronoun refers to his own “star” as “Auntie;” the pronoun pretends to say it with respect, but really, the “Auntie” term is a total insult. The truth is, a pronoun must never lose sight of her. If the stunt double gets separated from his “star,” he’s fired! Describes (modifies) a noun Adjective is the costuming or pronoun department, telling us what Answers: How much or the noun and its pronouns how many? What do I look like. Adjectives may look/sound/smell/taste/feel include the voice and like? movement coach department. In a live performance, adjective can also cover smell, taste, and touch. Note that the adjective department can only Examples Bob, New York, cookie, love Nominative: I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they, who Objective: me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them, whom Other: this, anyone, both, which short, thin, brunette, loud in a brown jacket soft-spoken, shy, muscular quick, agile, balanced Term Verb Definition Verb is a word that shoooows action, or a state of being Includes several types, including action, linking and helping do so much; the right nouns have to be cast in the roles! Movie role Examples Verb is the star, since every shot will focus on the action. (1) The main verb, the action, is what we see in the movie; an action verb might be an action done to an object. (More on objects later.) (2) Linking verbs connect nouns with adjectives. (3) Helping verbs are invisible on the movie screen, but they help us understand the timing and certainty of an action. Adverb Describes Adverb is the director, telling (modifies) a verb, everyone exactly how to do their adjective, or jobs. another adverb Note: NOT is an adverb, even Answers: How is when it’s part of a contraction. the action done? “But I didn’t kill my mother—it How strong is the was an accident!” – Gomez adjective or adverb? Addams, The Addams Family Preposition Used with a noun Preposition is the assistant (or its pronoun) to director, responsible for getting show how it is all the cast members into the related to another right place at the right time for word, often by each shot. location in space or time. “the cat and the box” Conjunction Connects words or Conjunction is the producer, groups of words assembling the right members of each team and setting up their relationships. Interjection Word or group of Interjection is the soundtrack of words that shows the movie emotion Punctuation Coded symbols for Not a part of speech – but VERY where to pause and important to the movie. stop Punctuation is also a director, who decides when each scene will start and stop as filming happens, and then directs the editing process, choosing each shot, how long we will look at it and in what order. 1) ran, jumped, fought, ate pizza, sang songs, petted a dog 2) seemed angry, looked sad, was lonely 3) could, will, might, had carefully balanced vs. easily balanced; sang songs poorly vs. sang songs excellently; sang songs very poorly vs. slightly poorly About, above, across, against, behind, below, beside, between, during, except, in, near, on, over, than, through, to, under, with FANBOYS AAAWWUBBIS Wow! Darn! Holy cow! Oh … my … gosh! ,;:“”’()–.!?