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Hindu Beliefs Hindu Beliefs • Hinduism is often described as a nondogmatic religion. • People are free to worship any set of doctrines or rules they like. • It does not believe in conversion, and does not impose its beliefs on others. Hindu Beliefs • However, Hindus are expected to follow specific rules in their personal conduct and daily duties. • There is a vast body of rules and rituals for almost every station and stage of a Hindu’s life. Hindu Concept of God • Some describe Hinduism as polytheistic, others as monotheistic. • Most state it is monistic – which means that all reality is ultimately one. • Hinduism reconciles these three different concepts of God, which makes it tolerant of various beliefs. What Is Brahman? • Brahman is: – The supreme being, an entity without form and quality. – The soul of the universe, from which all existing things arise, and into which they all return. – Everywhere and everything. • The essence of Brahman is divine, invisible, unlimited, and indescribable. Brahman • Hindus are free to imagine Brahman in any way that is meaningful to them. • They worship different deities that they consider manifestations, or expressions, of Brahman. • Page 121 (text) has a description of Brahman from the Upanishads. Atman • The Atman is the human soul or spirit. • It is the part of our innermost self that is identical to Brahman. • A Hindu’s goal is to reunite the Atman with the Brahman. • Atman = Brahman Brahman = Atman “Tat Twan Asi” • The famous Sanskrit saying means “you are that”, expresses the idea that the Atman and Brahman are inseparable. Reincarnation • The Atman is: – Eternal and immortal. – Lives on, shedding the lifeless body for a new one. • For Hindus, most aspects of the personality are generally not thought to be transmitted into the next life form. • Individuals usually cannot remember past lives. Samsara • The endless cycle of rebirth or reincarnation is called samsara. • The Hindu term for salvation, for liberation from samsara, is moksha. Moksha • This is the liberation from the endless cycle of birth, death, and rebirth into this world. • With moksha, the atman is united with the Brahman.