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Middle ear
Middle ear structures

Middle ear
cavity/tympanum

Tympanic
membrane

Ossicles/Middle
ear bones
Middle ear cavity

Approximately 2 cm3 in volume

Comprised of

Tympanic cavity between
outer and inner ear

Epitympanic recess above
the TM

Mastoid recess contained in
the mastoid region of the
temporal bone
Tympanic cavity

Similar to a box with six surfaces
1.
Lateral wall or membraneous
2.
Medial wall or labyrinthine wall:
3.
Anterior wall or carotid wall
4.
Posterior wall or mastoid wall
5.
Inferior wall or jugular wall
6.
Superior wall or tegmental wall
wall: Formed by TM
Promontory (outer wall of inner
ear)
Contains oval and round
windows
Tympanic membrane

Located in a bony groove

Held in place by fibers and cartilage

Cone shaped, translucent

55 to 90 mm2 in area
http://www.ghorayeb.com/AuricleEACAnatomy2.html
Tympanic membrane, cont’d.

Composed of two sets of
fibers:
1.
Radiates outward from
center
2.
Rings of fibers

Two regions in tympanic
membrane:

Superior region: Pars
flaccida

Inferior region: Pars tensa
Tympanic membrane, cont’d.

Umbo: Region of maximum concavity

Tympanic membrane attached to ossicles.
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/sound/ear.html
Ossicles
1.
Malleus: Hammer
2.
Incus: Anvil
3.
Stapes: Stirrup

Head of malleus and body of incus located in the
epitympanic recess

http://oto.wustl.edu/bbears/ossicle.htm
http://www.ghorayeb.com/StapesPics.html
http://audilab.bmed.mcgill.ca/~daren/3Dear/mid1.html
Malleus

Head

Anterior and posterior
processes

Handle or Manubrium
Incus

Body

Short crus/process

Long crus/process
(Plural of crus: Crura)
Stapes

Head or capitulum

Two bony crura

Flat oval bone
called footplate